Zipinda zapanyumba kunja ndi zochitika zachilengedwe zimasiyana mosiyana kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, koma malamulo a kubzala awo ndi ofanana. Ndondomeko yopangidwa bwino imathandiza osati kuwonjezera kukolola kwa zomera, komanso kumawateteza ku chitukuko cha matenda, komanso kumawonjezera nthawi yawo ya moyo. Kodi ndi maluwa ati a panyumba omwe angakhale akuthandizira mkati mwanu ndi momwe mungabzalidwe bwino, werengani pansipa.
Malamulo oyambirira a kubzala mkati
Lamulo lalikulu likukhudzana ndipamwamba kwambiri ya disinfection:
- nthaka;
- kukweza mphamvu;
- chomera mizu kapena mbewu.
Kwa kuswana, cuttings wa 7-10 masentimita mu msinkhu ndi mfundo zingapo za kukula ndi abwino. Ndi bwino kugula mbewu zophimbidwa: Zokolola zoterezi zimachiritsidwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kukula kwa kasi, zomwe zimachepetsa nthawi yokonzekera.Mukudziwa? Wopambana kwambiri mpweya purifier ndi aloe. Chomeracho chimapanga oxygen wochuluka usiku, kutenga mpweya wa carbon dioxide, umene umathandiza kuti anthu okhalamo asamangogone.
Momwe mungabzalitsire maluwa a potted mumphika
Musanayambe kubzala nyumba, muyenera kudziwa bwinobwino malamulo oyendetsera malo osungiramo zida, kukonzekera gawo la nthaka, ndikukonzekera zochitika za microclimatic.
Mukapatsidwa cuttings wathanzi kapena kulekanitsa ana, muyenera kukonza maola awiri mu njira ya Fitosporin (10 g / 5 l madzi). Cacti amafesedwa mwachindunji pansi, ndipo zidutswazo zimayikidwa m'madzi ndikuyembekezera mapangidwe a mizu.
Ndi miphika yomwe ili bwino bwino kubzala
Mukamabzala pamalo oyamba muyenera kupeza mphamvu yoyenera. Mosasamala mtundu wa chomera, mphika watsopano uyenera kukhala wa masentimita awiri kuposa masentimita awiri oyambirira ndi kutalika kwake. Kuyeneranso kuganizira kukula kwa mizu: mtunda wa masentimita 2-3 uyenera kusungidwa kuchokera kuzu ku khoma ndi pansi pa mphika. nthaka, komanso yaikulu kwambiri, idzatsogolere zida zonse kuti zikhale ndi mizu ya phokoso lamtundu wa nthaka ndikukhala ndi mthunzi wobiriwira. Zonsezi ndizovuta kudikira. Zomera zazing'ono, zitsulo zing'onozing'ono zokhala ndi masentimita 5-10 masentimita ndi mamita awiri masentimita ndizoyenera. Pofuna kufesa mbewu, ndibwino kutenga makina ochuluka olemera 10 cm ndi 15 cm 30 cm.
Zopangira zomwe chidebechi amapangidwa ziyenera kuteteza bwino mizu, kukhala pulasitiki, kuti athetse maluwa. Zopangidwa bwino kwambiri zopangidwa ndi pulasitiki. Miphika yowoneka ngati yokongola, koma m'chilimwe amawathira ndi kutentha kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira. Ponena za mawonekedwe omwe muyenera kuganizira pa malo olima:
- Malo otseguka ndi makonde ndi bwino kutenga miphika;
- Kwa nyumba / nyumba ndi bwino kupatsa mwapadera miphika yoyenera ndi zitsulo.
Ndikofunikira! Zida zokhazokha ndizofunikira epiphytes: mwinamwake mizu sidzatha kugwira nawo ntchito yopanga photosynthesis, ndipo zomera zidzafa.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Nthaka ya zomera iyenera kukhala:
- zakudya;
- kupuma;
- kumasuka;
- kunyamula zinyontho
Njira yophweka ndiyo kugula nthaka yoyenera, yosinthidwa ku mtundu wina wa zomera, mu sitolo. Pamene mukukonzekera nthaka nokha, muyenera kulingalira mtundu wa zomera ndi zikhalidwe za kukula kwawo. Epiphyte amafuna magawo omwe amakhala makamaka a makungwa a mtengo ndi kuwonjezera kwa makala amkuwa ndi sphagnum moss. Kwa madothi ena onse omwe amapangidwa kuchokera ku:
- dothi la masamba - likhoza kutengedwa kufupi ndi nkhalango;
- peat;
- mchenga wonyezimira.
Izi ndizigawo zitatu zazikulu zomwe zimasakanizidwa mu chiwerengero cha 1: 1: 1. Mukhoza kuwonjezera 5-10% kwa iwo:- perlite;
- vermiculite;
- sphagnum moss;
- mtengo;
- chithovu chophwanyika.
Mukhoza kuphatikiza zinthu zonsezi kapena musankhe chimodzi mwa izo.
Video: Momwe mungasankhire choyambira cha maluwa amkati Chotsani mankhwala m'nthaka m'njira zingapo:
- Kuwotcha mu ng'anjo pamtunda wa 100 ° C.
- Thirani yankho lotentha la phulusa. Ma gramu 400 a phulusa amawonjezeredwa ku malita 10 a madzi, otentha kwa mphindi 15, adatsanulira kutentha ndi nthaka.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala otentha "Furatsilina" - ikani piritsi imodzi pa 100 ml ya madzi otentha. Zomwezo zikhoza kukonzedwa ndi mphika.
- Gwiritsani ntchito njira yowonjezera ya potaziyamu permanganate - 1 g ya mankhwala imatengera 1 l madzi otentha.
- Pofuna kuthira nthaka ndi "Fitosporin" - 5 g wa ufa amaphulika mu 10 l madzi, kuthirira nthaka imachitika patatha sabata musanadzalemo.
Kutentha kwa dothi kusanayambe kubzala kumafunika kukhala pakati pa 50-60%. Ngati dothi luma, ndiye kuti maola ochepa musanadzalemo ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi oyera, kutentha kwake kuli 30 ° C.
Kutsimikizira mikhalidwe yabwino
Mtengo woyenera kwambiri wa microclimate ndi wofunika kwambiri kwa zomera pambuyo pa kusindikizidwa. Amayenera kusintha mofanana ndi nthaka yatsopano, ndipo kutentha kapena kuchepa, pamodzi ndi chinyezi chosayenera, kungayambitse mizu yovunda ndi matenda a fungal. 
Kutentha
The momwe akadakwanitsira kutentha kwa maluwa iliyonse ndi kuchokera ku +18 mpaka + 25 ° С. Ngati izo zikukonzekera kumera mbewu, ndiye chizindikiro chosiyana chimakhala mkati mwa 25% + 30 ° С.
Mukudziwa? Mizu ya ficus yakutali imatha kufika mamita 90. Mizu yayitali kwambiri inapezeka ku South African representative - mpaka mamita 120 mozama.
Chinyezi
Pa nthawi yobzala, mpweya umakhala wosiyana mkati mwa 75%.
Kuunikira
Pambuyo pa kusinthitsa, zomera zimafunika kutetezedwa kuwala komanso kutetezeka kwa dzuwa. Tsiku lowala kwambiri la zomera zapakhomo ndi maola 10-14, malingana ndi chiyambi chawo. Ngati kufesa kwachitika, ndiye kuti kuyatsa mmera sikumayenera. 
Kubzala mbewu
Gawo lalikulu la kubzala cuttings:
- Kuchita mizu ya opezeka kubzala zinthu ndi chisakanizo cha "Fundazol" ndi nkhuni phulusa (1: 1).
- Pansi pa mphika, ikani zowonjezera dothi (1 cm).
- Ikani nthaka yamchere pamwamba pa kukhetsa, ndikudzaza ndi mphika umodzi.
- Pakatikati mumapanga chidutswa chaching'ono ndikuyikapo mizu ya mmera.
- Fukuta voids ndi dothi, pamene akugulitsa chomera pamutu. Nthaka iyenera kuphimba muzu wokha ndi mtunda wa pafupifupi 0,5-1 masentimita pamwamba pake.
- Lembani pang'onopang'ono dothi, ikani mphika pamalo othuthuka ndipo muphimbepo ndi kapu yoonekera yomwe ingapangidwe kuchokera ku botolo la pulasitiki. Chivindikiro cha khosi chichotsedwe kuti chitsimikizire kuti gawo la nthaka la cholowa cha mpweya.
- Pambuyo pa sabata, chotsani kapu ndikusuntha chomera kumalo osatha.
Mukamabzala mbewu, chitani izi:
- Konzani thanki, yikani wosanjikiza.
- Kenaka mudzaze chidebe chonsecho ndi dothi ndikuyala mbeu pamwamba pa mtunda wa masentimita asanu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake.
- Pambuyo pake, kubzala kumakhala ndi wosanjikiza (1 cm) dothi kapena mchenga.
- Pamwamba pa mphikawo muli ndi filimu yowonekera kapena polyethylene.
- Chidebecho chimayikidwa pambali mu chipinda chokhala ndi kuwala pang'ono kapena chodetsedwa kwambiri ndikudikirira kuti mbewu ikumera.
- Musanayambe, kumera kuli mpweya wokwanira tsiku lililonse kwa mphindi 15 ndipo, ngati kuli kotheka, dothirani mowa ndi botolo.
- Mbewuzo zikawonekera, malo ogona amafunika kuchotsedwa ndi kuikidwa pamalo abwino.
- Amayamba kuika m'mitsuko yodziwika ndi masamba 3-4 ndipo amamera kufika kutalika kwa masentimita 7 mpaka 10.
Ndikofunikira! Pa kumera kwa mbewu za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zomera zimatha kutenga masiku 7 mpaka 1.5-2 miyezi.
Kusamalira zomera zamkati
Mutabzala, ndikofunika kupereka zomera ndi chisamaliro chokwanira. Kawirikawiri sizimakhala zovuta zapadera ndipo zimatanthauza:
- kuyambitsidwa kwa kuvala molingana ndi magawo a nyengo yokula ndi mtundu wa zomera;
- nthaka chinyezi;
- kusamba kwa nthawi yake;
- kukulitsa ndi kudulira mwaukhondo.
Feteleza
Zovala zapamwamba zimayambika mu gawo lonse la zamasamba, kuyambira pa kuchoka ku malo opuma. Mukamadzala zipatso zimatanthawuza kuti mupange chakudya choyamba mutatha mapepala atsopano. Zomera zimagulidwa kuchokera ku nyemba, kuberekedwa kwa nthawi yoyamba pambuyo pa kufotokozedwa kwa mapepala awiri (osati cotyledonous).
Kudziwa bwino ndi 11 njira zodzikweza pamwamba pazenera zomera.
Poyamba, zomera zimamera ndi mazira omwe ali ndi accelerators kukula - mwachitsanzo, Epin: madontho 2-3 a mankhwala pa 1 l madzi ali okwanira. Yankho lake ndi sprayed pa nthaka pansi pa zomera ndi nthaka pamwamba. The kuyamwa kwa mankhwala ndi thupi thupi amatenga 2-3 masiku. Zidzakhala zothandiza osati pokhapokha pachigawo choyamba cha kukula, komanso mmadera omwe zomera zakhala zikukumana ndi nkhawa (kuzizira, kutentha kwa dzuwa, chithandizo cha matenda a mizu, etc.). Mukhoza kupanga mankhwala masiku 10-14 onse.
M'tsogolo, ndi bwino kugwiritsira ntchito mankhwala omwe adasinthidwa kuti apange zomera. Poyambirira, mlingowo umachepetsedwa ndi hafu kuchokera pa zomwe zanenedwa m'mawu ake, nthawi iliyonse kuwonjezeka pang'onopang'ono kuti asawotche mizu.
Video: Kuvala bwino pamwamba kwa maluwa amkati Kuchokera ku zinthu zakutchire, phulusa lonse lapansi ndi phulusa - silimangowonjezera nthaka ndi zakudya zokha, koma limatetezera bwino kuphulika kwa matenda a fungal ndi kufalikira kwa tizirombo. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu mawonekedwe a ufa, powdering nthaka, kapena mu njira (400 g / 10 l madzi). Njira yothetsera vutoli ikhoza kupopedwa pambali pa zomera ndi ulimi wothirira.
Kuthirira
Kuthirira anyamata onse a zomera zikuchitika mutatha kuyanika kwa dothi la pamwamba. Zokhazokha zokha zimakhala zokongola komanso zacti - zimatha kuthirira ngakhale kutentha kamodzi pamwezi.
Kuthirira kungatheke poyambitsa chinyezi m'mphepete mwa mphika kuti madzi asagwe pa zomera, kapena kutsanulira mu poto. Ngati chinyezi chimawonekera kudzera poto, ndiye pambuyo pa mphindi 15, madzi owonjezera ayenera kuthiridwa. 
Zitsanzo zamakono mu nyengo ya chilimwe ziyenera kupopedwa masiku onse awiri. Pambuyo pa kugwiritsidwa ntchito ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chinyezi sichilowa mu tsamba, mwinamwake chiopsezo cha tsamba lavuto chimakula.
Kutentha kwa madzi kwa ulimi wothirira ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwala kumayenera kufanana ndi nyengo yozungulira.
Kudulira
Kudulira kumayenera kukhala kumayambiriro kwa masika. Ma specimens omwe ali ndi masamba obiriwira amapangidwa mu mapesi awiri, akuphatikizapo kukula kwa chaka choyamba. Komanso bwerani chaka chotsatira, kukanikiza mfundo za kukula pa 2 kupanga mphukira.
Komanso, zomera nthawi zonse amafunika kudulira zowonongeka, zomwe zimafunika ngati nthawi iliyonse ya chaka. Zimatanthauza kuchotsedwa kwa:
- phokoso;
- mphukira zowonjezereka;
- zouma kapena zowonongeka zowonongeka;
- masamba;
- mabungwe othandizira kubereka (cacti, succulents, epiphytes).
Zonsezi ziyenera kupangidwa ndi magolovesi pogwiritsira ntchito chida choyera, chosasinthitsa. Pofuna kudula mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito lumo lakuthwa kapena secator wokwanira kukula.Kuwaza
Choyamba muyenera kudziwa nthawi yomwe duwa limayenera kuikidwa. Pali mitundu iwiri ya kubzala, yomwe ikuchitika malinga ndi dziko la zomera ndi nyengo yokula:
- mwamsanga - Ntchito zoterozo zimaphatikizapo kuziika mutatha kugula, pamaso pa matenda, kuvunda kwa mizu, kuchuluka kwa chinyezi m'nthaka, komanso kuwononga kwambiri nthaka;
- anakonza - imachitika nthawi zambiri mu masabata 2-3 musanachoke kudziko la mpumulo kumayambiriro kwa masika.
Ndikofunikira! Kusuta mutatha kugula kumachitika mwangwiro mwezi. - Izi ndi zomwe zomera zimayenera kusintha kuti zikhale zatsopano. Ngati chomeracho chili mu maluwa, ndiye kuti kuika pambuyo pa kugula sikuchitika mpaka masamba onse agwa.
Kusankha kukonzekera kumachitika malinga ndi zaka. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimaikidwa chaka chilichonse, makamaka pa nthawi yomweyo. Pazochitika zomwe zakhala zikufika zaka zisanu ndi zitatu, izi zingatheke kamodzi pa zaka 2-3. Panthawi yomwe kusakanikirana sikuchitika, muyenera kuchotsa nthaka ya 2-5 masentimita, malinga ndi mtundu wa mizu, ndikuyikanso ndi gawo latsopano la michere. 
Kuwotchera kumachitika ndi njira yosinthidwa ndi kusungidwa kwa dothi. Kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yophweka maola angapo musanayambe kuikanso, mukhoza kuthirira zomera ngati kuli koyenera. Pambuyo pochotsa chomera mu mphika, mizu ikuyendetsedwa. Zotsalira zouma zimachotsedwa, ndipo kudula kumakonzedwa ndi chisakanizo cha "Somazole" ndi phulusa.
Phunzirani momwe mungapititsire bwino zomera za mkati.
Ngati pali zilonda za mizu kapena nthaka yatha, ndiye kuti dziko liyenera kuchotsedwa. Choyamba, nthaka imasiyanitsidwa mosamala ndi dzanja, ndiye mizu imatsukidwa pansi pa madzi. Zowonongeka za mizu zimachotsedwa ndikuchiritsidwa ndi "Somazole" ndi phulusa.
Zolakwa zambiri
Zolakwitsa zazikulu pakudzala / kuika ndi kusamalira:
- kutsetsereka kwakukulu;
- kuyesera kuchoka kapena kutenga chinthu chakuthwa cha chomera kuchokera ku dothi ladothi;
- kusalidwa bwino nthaka ndi mphika musanabzala;
- chosankhidwa cholakwika cha tangi;
- kusagwirizana ndi malamulo okhudza kusintha kwa nthawi pambuyo pa kusintha;
- kusamba madzi mwamsanga mutabzala - ndiloledwa kupopera dothi pamsampha wamatsuko, ndipo madzi okwanira ayenera kuyambika kamodzi pa sabata m'magawo ang'onoang'ono;
- kunyalanyaza malamulo okhudza kayendetsedwe ka ngalande zamadzimadzi - mabowo osakwanira okwanira pansi, dothi lochepa kwambiri.
Zomwe maluwa sangabzalidwe pakhomo
Kujambula maluwa kuti kulima kwanu, ndi koyenera kuyandikira nkhaniyi kuchokera ku sayansi. Ena mwa oimira zomerawo amakhala owopsa, ali ndi poizoni, amachotsa fungo lokhazika mtima pansi. 
Mitundu yonse ya Euphorbia ndi yoopsa. Pamene kupunthira kumayambira kapena masamba, amachotsa "mkaka" woyera, umene umatulutsa khungu, umayambitsa kupweteka, kumaphatikizapo kupukuta, kuyabwa, kumangiriza.
Ndiyeneranso kukhala osamala ndi cacti omwe ali ndi mitsempha yambiri - ayenera kusungidwa ndi ana.
Mitengo ya allergen ikuphatikizapo:
- ferns;
- mphunzitsi;
- rhododendrons;
- geraniums;
- pelargonium.
Malangizo othandiza oyamba kumene
Nawa ena othandizira othandizira a novice florists:
- Samalani posankha maluwa kunyumba kwanu, makamaka ngati muli ndi ana kapena ziweto. Phunzirani zochitika zonse za nthawi inayake, ubwino wake ndi chiwonongeko. Komanso mumvetsetse kuti mungathe kukonza zinthu zabwino kwambiri za microclimate.
- Kubzala kumagwiritsa ntchito mchere watsopano, wolembedwa mogwirizana ndi zikhalidwe za chilengedwe cha zomera.
- Pambuyo pobweretsa nthumwi yatsopano ya zinyumba, musaziike mwamsanga pafupi ndi zitsanzo zomwe zili kale - mu gawo lapansi ndi pa chomerachokha pangakhale spores za bowa ndi tizirombo zomwe siziwonekeratu.
- Pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda ndi kuwonongeka kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zimapezeka, zitsanzo za matendawa ziyenera kuchotsedwa ku chipinda china, njira zoyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ndipo maluwa onse oyenera ayenera kuchiritsidwa ndi othandizira.
Mukudziwa? Chomera velvichiya mirabilis chili ndi masamba awiri okha. Chiwerengero chawo sichimasintha ngakhale kukalamba kwa zomera, zomwe zaka zawo zakutchire zimatha kufika zaka zana limodzi.
Kudyetsa bwino kwa oimira panyumba ya zomera ndizomwe zimapangitsa kuti kusamalidwa kwakukulu kwazitsamba ku matenda ndi tizirombo. Ntchito yaikulu ya wolima ndikutsatira malamulo oyambirira a zaulimi zaulimi.
