Momwe mungadyetse dahlias pakukula komanso maluwa

M'chilimwe, pafupifupi nyumba iliyonse imatha kukumana ndi maluwa okongola. Kuphatikiza apo, pali mitundu yambiri komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokongola izi kuti sizibwerezedwanso. Maluwa awa amatchedwa dahlias. Maonekedwe osiyanasiyana, mawonekedwe a petal, komanso kukula kwa maluwa, amasangalatsa maso kuyambira pakati pa chilimwe mpaka chisanu choyamba. Iwo, monga dzuwa laling'ono, ndizokongoletsa zamabedi aliwonse a maluwa kapena dera laling'ono. Kuti mukule bwino komanso maluwa ambiri, ndikofunikira kuzisamalira bwino ndikudziwa zoyenera kudya.

Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe dahlias amafunikira

Kusamalira koyenera kumakhala kuthirira panthawi yake, kuchotsa, kumasula dothi komanso kuvala pamwamba. Kupatula apo, mbewu siyingatenge zinthu zofunikira kuchokera ku dimba wamba la dimba kuti dutaphuke nthawi yayitali. Kuthirira mbewu posagwa mvula iyenera kukhala yochulukirapo, kawiri pa sabata. Ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti madzi samasokonekera, mwinanso mizu imatha kuvunda, zomwe zimatsogolera kuphedwa kwa chitsamba chachikulu. Pouma, kuteteza chinyezi, chitsamba chimayenera kudulilidwa ndikathilira, kuthiridwanso ndikutchinjidwanso. Kuti ukhalebe chinyezi, nthaka yozungulira chitsamba imakutidwa ndi udzu kapena udzu wouma.

Dahlias - maluwa okongola, koma okongoletsa

Ngati pali kuchepa kwa ma microelements, ndiye kuti chomera chikuyamba kufooka, mtundu wamasamba utayamba kuzimiririka, pamakhala zotumphukira za ma peduncles. Pofuna kuti izi zisachitike, ma dahlias amadyetsedwa poyipa pogwiritsa ntchito mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza pansi pawo. Mwa iwo, malo ofunika omwe amakhala ndi zinthu zotsata monga izi:

• nayitrogeni Ngati mbewuyo ilibe nayitrogeni wokwanira, ndiye kuti sikumakula bwino, masamba ake amatembenuka chikasu ndikugwa msanga, ndipo maluwa sangawonekere konse. Kuchulukitsa kwa feteleza wa nayitrogeni kumathandiza tsinde kuti libirire, kumalimbitsa dongosolo la chikuku ndikupanga maziko otulutsa zam'tsogolo;
• phosphorous Ndi kuperewera kwake, kukula kumasiya, masamba amapeza kofiirira ndikugwa. Phosphorous imayamba kudzikundana ndipo imayamba kuchita maluwa. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa phosphorous, dahlias imaphukira mitundu yowala ndi yowala, ndipo mizu imakhala yolimba komanso yolimba;
• potaziyamu, kuchepa kwake kumatsimikizika ndikusintha kwamtundu wa masamba, pomwe mawonekedwe amtundu wa buluu amawoneka. Masamba samakula bwino. Chopera cha bulauni chimawonekera, ngati wawotcha. Ngati simukuchita, ndiye kuti zimayambira zimatha mphamvu ndikuleka kukula ndikuyamba kufalikira pansi. Kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu kumalimbitsa mizu, ndikupanga zofunikira zoyambitsa kukhazikika kwamphamvu.

Dahlia, yemwe amadyetsa

Zakudya zopatsa thanzi ndikukula kwamaluwa

Kuti maluwa ambiri azitha, ndikofunikira kuti apange kaye chomera champhamvu chobiriwira.

Pachifukwa ichi, kuphatikiza feteleza wa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya feteleza amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuvala pamwamba kwambiri kumachitika motere:

• pansi pa chitsamba, mozungulira, kukumba mzere wozama masentimita 10-15 ndikuthirira madzi ambiri;
• akadikirira madzi akamakololedwa m'nthaka, amapatsa chakudya chopatsa thanzi.
• pokhapokha osakaniza ndi mavalidwe apamwamba atalowetsedwa m'nthaka, recess imakutidwa ndi lapansi.

Dahlias pansi

Zovala zopangidwa mwakapangidwe ka mchere

Zomwe manyowa a dahlias amasangalatsa ambiri. Masiku ano, msika wazinthu zosamalidwa zobiriwira umayimiriridwa ndi mitundu yambiri ya feteleza. Kugwiritsa ntchito sizovuta. Ndikofunikira kusankha mtundu woyenera, kuwerenga mosamala malangizo ndikuwonjezera osakaniza. Mukapaka mankhwala, muyenera kutsatira malangizowo, kuwonjezerera ndi mulingo kapena kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amathiridwa pansi pachitsamba chimodzi kungakhale kovulaza ngati kwapsa. Kubweretsa chisakanizo cha michere choterocho kumawonedwa bwino kwambiri, chifukwa zinthu zonse zofunikira zimasonkhanitsidwa muchinthu chimodzi. Zina mwa izo ndi:

• feteleza wa potaziyamu;
• potaziyamu nitrate;
• ammonium phosphate;
• nitrophos;
• ammonium sulfate;
• superphosphate;
• potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
• ammonium chloride.

Dahlias Munthawi Ya Kukula

Zoyipa zazovala zam'madzi ndizoti zimakhala ndi nthawi yochepa ndipo zimafunikira kugwiritsa ntchito pafupipafupi.

Mitundu yachilengedwe ya umuna

Kuti mukule bwino bwino mbande, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito osati feteleza yekha, komanso zinthu zachilengedwe. Zinthu zothandiza zomwe ndi chipatso cha ntchito yofunika ya zomera ndi nyama zimayikidwa ngati feteleza wachilengedwe. Amatha kuwonjezera chodyetsa mbewu, ndikuchithandizira kuti zikule ndikukula, komanso kukonza chonde m'nthaka mwakuwumba. Itha kukhala:

• ndowe;
• mbalame zitosi;
• kompositi
• peat;
• humus;
• infusions azitsamba;
• phulusa.

Muli michere yambiri komanso kufufuza zinthu ndipo umathandizira kuti pakhale chitsamba champhamvu cha dahlia, kukula ndi maluwa ambiri, kulimbitsa mizu. Ubwino wobweretsa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi monga kuphatikiza nthawi yayitali pazomera poyerekeza ndi feteleza wa mchere. Zowonongeka zawo zitha kukhala zochulukirapo, zomwe zimafunikira kuchepetsedwa ndi madzi.

Bakiteriya othandizira

Amakhala ndi microscopic ma bacteria ndi mabakiteriya omwe amapanga microflora ya nthaka ndipo, ikaphatikizidwa ndi dothi, amalemeretsa ndikuthandizira kuphatikiza bwino michere. Itha kuyikiridwa pansi kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera kubzala zinthu ndi akuwuluka. Zowonjezera mabakiteriya pazokha sizikhala ndi michere, koma zithandizira chomera chogwiritsa ntchito feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Mabakiteriya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso ogulitsa kwambiri ndi:

• Baikal;
• Azotobacterin;
• Nikfan.

Pafupipafupi komanso modyetsa

Dahlias, mosiyana ndi mbewu zina zamaluwa zamaluwa, zimakhala ndi chitsamba cholimba chamaluwa ndi maluwa akulu opepuka omwe amafunikira zakudya zambiri. Chifukwa chake, amafunika kupatsidwa chakudya chokwanira nthawi zonse. Zolondola zidzasinthidwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa zinthu zachilengedwe ndi michere. Chovala choyambirira cha dahlia chokhala ndi maluwa ambiri chimachitika nthawi yobzala, pamene chosanjikiza cha humus chimayikidwa mu dzenje loimbidwa kuti chodzala tuber. Komanso mukadzala pansi pa muzu, mutha kuthira feteleza ochepa am'madzi. Chovala chotsatira chapamwamba chimachitika pambuyo pa masabata awiri, kuyambitsa zosakanikirana za nayitrogeni ndi potaziyamu zomwe zimathandizira kukula.

Komanso, kuyambitsidwa kwa michere kusinthana ndi pafupipafupi. Pakati pa Julayi, nthawi ya maluwa komanso kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, mbande zimadyetsedwa ndi superphosphate ndi potaziyamu. Pakatha milungu iwiri, zinthu za organic zimayambitsidwa. Itha kukhala:

• mullein yankho;
• tincture wa kompositi;
• Tingafinye ku udzu wamphamvu.

Chifukwa chake mpaka kumapeto kwa maluwa.

Kuvala kwapamwamba mumalimwe

Chapakatikati, chisanu chikangosungunuka, malo amaluwa amakumbidwanso. Mukakumba, potaziyamu sulfate imawonjezeredwa pansi muyezo 20 magalamu pa 1 m2.

Momwe mungadyetsere dahlias kuti akule, wolima aliyense amasankha yekha, kutengera momwe angakhalire chiwembu chake komanso kubzala. Nthawi zambiri, kuvala pamwamba kumayikidwa osati pamizu, komanso mwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho la michere. Kupopera kovomerezeka koyamba kumachitika kumayambiriro kasupe mutabzala, mukafuna kulimbitsa tubers kuti muyambe kukula pambuyo pa dzinja. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani yankho la nitrate ndi superphosphate muyezo wa 20 g wa osakaniza pachidebe chilichonse cha madzi.

Feteleza m'chilimwe

Kwa dahlia wobiriwira wachilimwe, ndikofunikira kupanga chitsamba cholimba. Chifukwa chake, mu June, feteleza wa nayitrogeni amayikidwa. Njira yokhazikika pamadzi imakonzedwa kuchokera kwa iwo. Mu 10 malita a madzi kuwonjezera 20 g wa feteleza.

Kutsirira osakaniza ndi michere kuzungulira tchire mtunda wa 10cm kuchokera pansi, pangani dzenje lozungulira, pomwe yankho lake limathiridwa. Poyamba maluwa, chitsamba chimatha kupopera mbewu ndi njira yothira michere. Kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe, zovala ziwiri zapamwamba zimapangidwa ndi kulowetsedwa kwa mullein mu gawo limodzi la 1 litre ya feteleza 10 malita a madzi. Njira yothirayo imapukusidwa ndikuvomerezedwa, ndiye 20 g ya superphosphate ndi ammonium nitrate amawonjezeredwa.

Feteleza dahlia

Mu Julayi, mavalidwe atatu apamwamba a phosphorous-potaziyamu amachitika. Njira yothetsera vutoli imakonzedwa ndikuwonjezera 50 g ya superphosphate ndi 3-4 phulusa lamatabwa mu 10 l madzi. Mu Julayi, dahlias amathiriridwa ndi urea wokhala ndi maluwa ambiri. Chitsamba chikapangika, chimafunikira mphamvu kuti ipange masamba amphamvu ndi maluwa.

Mu Ogasiti, tubers adayikidwa. Pakadali pano, ndikofunikira kudyetsa potaziyamu nitrate pamlingo wa 30 g pachitsamba chilichonse. Kuyambira pakati pa Ogasiti, kudyetsa kuyimitsidwa. Zowonjezera michere zimatha kusokoneza mapangidwe a tubers ndikupanga kukula kwa masamba.

Kuvala kwapamwamba pakugwa

Ndiye kuti chaka chamawa dahlias amasangalala ndi maluwa obiriwira, muyenera kusamalira izi pakugwa. Chomera chikazirala, pangani chovala chomaliza kuti mupange ma tubers okhala ndi potaziyamu. Feteleza umathiridwa kamodzi pamlingo wama 30 gramu pachitsamba chilichonse. Kuyambira Seputembala, kudyetsa ndi kuthilira mbewuyo kwathunthu. Kuti zipse mizu, zimayambira amazidulira.

M'dzinja, amasamalira nthaka yachonde chifukwa chodzala chaka chamawa. Kuti izi zitheke, kutengera mtundu wa dothi, zosakaniza za michere zimawonjezeredwa nthawi yophukira malowa:

• Makilogalamu 15 a humus, kompositi kapena manyowa atsopano amawonjezedwa kumtunda wamchenga pa 1 m2, yosakanizidwa ndi 3 kg ya zitosi za mbalame. Zosakanikirana zoterezi pa nyengo yozizira zimalemeretsa nthaka;
• peat ndi mchenga zimawonjezeredwa dongo;
• laimu yosenda imawonjezeredwa ku nthaka yac acid pamtunda wa 400 - 800 g pa 1 m2.

Asanayambe kukumba chiwembu chamtsogolo chodzala m'dzinja, ma granules a superphosphate amamwazikana, 25 g pa 1 m2.

Zingakhale zovuta zolakwika kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza

Mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza, kungakhale kulakwa kuganiza kuti nthaka yochulukitsidwa, bwino chomera. Nthawi zina zimatha kuwiliridwa kenako zotsatira zake nkukhala zosemphana ndi izi, m'malo mwa chitsamba chokongola chopanda ndiye kuti padzakhala chomera chamtopola komanso chofowoka. Kuphatikiza feteleza kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamala. Pamaso kuphatikiza dahlias chilimwe, kuti maluwa atchuke mwachangu, ndikofunikira kudziwa acid yanthaka. Ndikofunikira kuti asanathirire maluwa ndi njira yothetsera michere, munthu ayenera kuganizira za momwe mbewuyo imawonekera. Ngati ikukula ndikukula, ndibwino osachulukitsa ndi kuthirira.

Zolakwika zazikulu pakugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zingakhale:

• kudyetsa mopitirira muyeso, ndi kuchuluka kwa feteleza wogwiritsidwa ntchito ku mtundu umodzi, mbewuyi imasiya kuzindikira zinthu zina;
• kulephera kutsatira nthawi yovalira, simungathe kupanga feteleza wa nayitrogeni tchire litakula ndipo akukonzekera maluwa. Iwo, monga feteleza wina wofulumira, amayambitsidwa kumayambiriro kwa kukula;
• osagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe adatha, chifukwa amatha kukhala oopsa komanso ovulaza m'malo mopindulitsa;
• ndikofunika kuyang'anira kufanana kwa feteleza kuti musanametse mbewuyo kapena kuperewera zakudya.

Maphikidwe a anthu

Dahlias ndi mbewu zomwe amakonda kubereka m'maluwa ambiri ndi m'maluwa. Chifukwa chake, aliyense wokonda izi ali ndi zinsinsi zake kuti zikule. Nawa ena a iwo omwe ali oyenera kwa mitundu yonse ya tub tub komanso kudyetsa dahlias pachaka:

• pakuwuka mwachangu kwa ma tubers pambuyo pa nyengo yachisanu, ayenera kuyikidwa mu yankho lokonzedwa kuchokera ku zidebe chimodzi ndi theka zamadzi ofunda ndikuphatikizira supuni ya boric acid. Kukhala mu yankho lotere kumapangitsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tisokoneze matenda;
• kuti dziko lapansi lisamasuke, nthawi yakuphukira kukumba mu kama wa dahlia, zipolopolo za mazira ophwanyika zimabalalika;
• Feteleza ndi yisiti amalimbikitsa maluwa ambiri. Mumtsuko wa malita 10 a madzi ofunda kuwonjezera 0,5 makilogalamu a yisiti ndi 0,5 lita imodzi ya kupanikizana kapena shuga. Njira yothetsera vutoli idatsalira patsiku la nayonso mphamvu. Kuthirira, 1 lita imodzi ya yankho amawonjezeredwa ndi malita 5 a madzi. Madziwo amagwiritsidwa ntchito patsiku lotentha kwambiri ndipo osaposa nthawi 3 pachaka;

Maluwa okongola komanso okongola

• nthawi ya mapangidwe mphukira, kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa la nkhuni ndi kuphatikiza kwa superphosphate kumayambitsidwa pansi pa chitsamba chilichonse. Kuti mukonzekere mu 2 malita a madzi, onjezani supuni ziwiri za phulusa la nkhuni ndi magalamu 50 a superphosphate. Njira yothetsera vutoli imasunthidwa ndikusiyidwa kuti mupange kwa tsiku limodzi. Chida chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuthirira mosakhalitsa katatu pachaka ndi nthawi yopuma pakati pa kugwiritsa ntchito masabata awiri;
• kupangidwira dothi ndi phosphorous ndi kuvala kwapamwamba pamtunda kumakupatsani mwayi wowonjezera nthawi ya maluwa ndikupangitsa kuti ikhale yokongola kwambiri;
• kuthirira nettle kulowetsedwa. Chidebe chobiriwira chobiriwira chimathiridwa ndimadzi kupesa kwa masiku atatu. Njira yotsirizira ulimi wothirira imasungunulidwa ndi madzi muyezo wa 1 mpaka 10.

Dahlias ndi maluwa okongola komanso osangalatsa omwe ali okongoletsa bwino m'mundamu. Komanso ndichikhalidwe chovuta kwambiri, chomwe chili ndi zokonda zake. Komabe, ndizosatheka kuti musawakonde. Ngati mukutsatira madyeredwe mosamalitsa, ndiye kuti zotsatirapo zake ziyenera kusangalatsa. Kusamalidwa moyenera kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi maluwa osalala mpaka chisanu choyamba.