Pakati pa mitundu yosiyana ya tsabola, phwetekere kapena nkhaka, posachedwapa, mbewu zokongoletsera zomwe zimakula kunyumba zimakhala zochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Ndizofunikira ndi tsabola "Moto", womwe, ngakhale uli wolimba kwambiri, unatha kupambana kuzindikira amayi ambiri. Tiyeni tidziŵe mbali zake, malamulo a kulima ndi zofunikira pa chisamaliro.
Kufotokozera
Tsabola wambiri "Spark" inali yofala chifukwa cha khama la antchito a Transnistrian Research Institute of Agriculture, kudutsa mitundu ya Chile ndi Kenya. Mu 2006 idaphatikizidwa mu bukhu la boma ndipo kuyambira pomwepo linayambika kufalikira kwa dziko lonse la Russian Federation ndi mayiko oyandikira.
Masiku ano, "Spark" amadziwika kuti ndi imodzi mwa mapepala otchuka a tsabola. Kuchokera ku mphukira kufikira nthawi yamakono yokolola kumatenga masiku 115 mpaka 120, ndipo kuwonongeka kwachilengedwe kumachitika patatha masiku 140. Kulemera kwa chipatso chimodzi kumasiyanasiyana kuyambira 40 mpaka 45 magalamu, ndipo makulidwe ake akuzungulira 1.5 mm. Maonekedwe - uwu ndi tsabola wofiira wofiira.
Zambiri zotchuka ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tsabola wotsekemera monga: "California miracle", "Claudio F1", "Gypsy F1", "Anastasia", "Ox khutu", "Kakadu", "Bogatyr", "Soloist", "Habanero", " Swallow, Chozizwitsa cha Golden, Orange Chozizwitsa, Atlas.
Mitunduyi ndi ya sing'anga oyambirira, zomwe zimatanthawuza kuti zipatso za mbeu zimatha kupezeka pafupi ndi kutha kwa chilimwe kapena ngakhale kumayambiriro kwa autumn, ndipo pansi pa kutentha kwa nyengo, chitukuko chawo chimapezeka mofulumira kwambiri. "Kuthamanga" kumakhala kofunika kumera kutchire ndi ku wowonjezera kutentha, ndi m'nyumba - ndithudi, ngati mungathe kukonza zinthu zonse zoyenera. Mu malo a chipinda, zokolola za 3.8 makilogalamu pa mita imodzi iliyonse zimatha kupezeka, pamene nthaka yotseguka chiwerengerochi sichiposa 3 makilogalamu.
Kutalika, tchire timene timagwiritsa ntchito tsabola timatha kufika masentimita 60 (ngati timakula m'munda) komanso pafupifupi masentimita 30 titakula miphika pawindo. Waukulu ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi ake kukana bacteriosis.
Ndikofunikira! Si zikhalidwe zonse, zomwe zimatchedwa "nyali", ndizoyimira anthu osiyanasiyana. M'madera ambiri, amatchedwanso tsabola wotentha, mosasamala kanthu kwake.
Tikufika
Malingana ndi malo omwe akukula mtsogolo (malo amkati kapena malo otseguka), palinso zofunikira za kubzala ndi kusamalira tsabola la Ogonek. Taganizirani njira iliyonse.
Kukula pawindo
Mukakulira pakhomo, ndibwino kuyamba ntchitoyi kumapeto kwa February, kupitilira mpaka pakati pa March. (nyemba zimalowa mkati mwa gawo lokonzedweratu, ndipo zomera ziyenera kumera ndi kupititsa zaka zowonjezera kutentha ndi kutentha koyamba).
Miphika ya Ceramic ndi yabwino kubzala mbewu. ndi mphamvu ya malita 3-5 ndipo ali ndi mwayi wotsegula madzi owonjezera. Monga gawo lodzala, ndilofunika kugwiritsa ntchito osakaniza mchenga, nthaka ya dothi ndi humus (1: 2: 1 chiŵerengero), pokonzekera chisanu chabwino chodzaza madzi asanadzadzaze (kusweka njerwa, dothi lopangidwa kapena miyala yosweka). Ndi kulima kwapakati kwa tsabola kosatha, nthaka iyenera kusinthidwa kamodzi pachaka, ndipo feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ngati mankhwala akugwiritsidwa ntchito komanso nthawi ya kukula (phosphorus-potaziyamu mankhwala). Kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya feteleza - nthawi imodzi mu masabata awiri.
Mukhozanso kukula pawindo: tomato, nkhaka, katsabola, anyezi wobiriwira, arugula, sipinachi, letesi, letesi la madzi oundana.
Kusankha malo oika zitsulo ndi tsabola, ndikulimbikitseni kuti zindikirani kuti zenera zowoneka bwino ndi zozizira, chifukwa kukwaniritsa fruiting ndizomwe zingatheke pokhapokha ngati kuli kowala bwino, kumathandizidwa ndi theka la tsiku. Ndi kusowa kwa kuwala kwa chilengedwe, muyenera kuwonjezera kugwiritsa ntchito nyali za blue-violet.
Pankhani ya kutentha, ndiye thermometer sayenera kusonyeza zosakwana 15 ° C, ngakhale pamwamba kwambiri akhoza kutembenuza masamba a chikasu ndipo amatha kuchoka pamphepete mwa masamba. Mu nthawi yotentha kwambiri, padzakhalanso zothandiza kuwonjezera mdima ndi tsaya la tsabola, ndikuchita tsiku ndi tsiku madzulo.
Kuthirira anthu akuluakulu pawindo la "windows" Kuyenera kuchitidwa kawirikawiri, koma popanda madzi, chifukwa kutentha kwa dothi kumakhudzanso chitukuko cha mizu (iyo imangowola). Zina zimasamalira tsabola wotentha mu malo amkati.
Mukudziwa? Zoyamba zolemba zomwe zimatsimikizira kugwiritsa ntchito tsabola ndi makolo athu ndi makalata a Sanskrit omwe adapangidwa zaka zoposa 3,000 zapitazo. Panthaŵi imodzimodziyo, India imatengedwa ngati malo obadwirawo, ngakhale kuti wakhala akulima m'mayiko ena otentha.
Kulima kunja
Ndi mwayi wonse wokula kunyumba, nthawi zambiri zimatha kupeza tsabola "Spark" ndi pamabedi oonekera. Komabe, kuti muthe kupeza zotsatira zabwino muzochitika zotero, muyenera kuyamba kukula mbande zabwino mu njira ya mbewu. Mukhoza kugula zinthu zonse pazinthu zapadera zogulitsidwa, komanso mwa kugula zinthu kuchokera kumsika wa chaka chatha.
Kwa mbande zabwino m'tsogolomu, akatswiri amalangiza mbewu kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April, pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko ya tsabola: 40 x 20 masentimita. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomwe imatchedwa "nkhono" yomwe yakhala ikudziwika kwambiri posachedwapa. Malinga ndi njira iyi, mbeu ya mbeu imayendetsedwa motere:
- kugula 2 mm zapakitala zogwiritsira ntchito laminate (kugulitsidwa pa sitolo iliyonse yamagetsi) ndikuziyika mu chubu kuti muzitsanzira nkhono;
- kukonza chipinda ndi ulusi ndikudzaza ndi nthaka;
- kudzazidwa ndi mbewu ndikudikirira mphukira zoyamba;
- kuziika kwazomera (pa siteji ya maonekedwe 3-4 oona masamba) mu peat miphika.
Mbewu zimabzalidwa pamalo otseguka pamene zomera zazing'ono zili ndi masamba 10-12 ndikufika kutalika kwa masentimita 20-25. N'zoona kuti masiku 14 asanalowetsedwe, zomera zazing'ono zimayenera kuumitsidwa ndi kuika miphika pakhomo kapena malo otentha a 15- Mphindi 20 Nthaŵi ya kuzizira imatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo ya dera linalake: Ndi bwino kuyembekezera kutentha kosalala pa 20-25 ° C (nyengo yoyenera kwambiri ya tsabola), ngakhale pakuchita amaluwa ambiri amalima mbande pamtengo wapansi.
Kuwonjezera pa tsabola pamalo otseguka, mukhoza kubzala chimodzimodzi: tomato, tangerines, zukini, katsabola, ndi biringanya.
Musanasunthire mbande kumalo atsopano a kukula (ziyenera kukhala pamalo okwera bwino ndi nthaka yotentha), pansi pa mabowo kapena mabedi okonzedwa kale muyenera kuika feteleza ndipo mutabzala moyenera, zimalangizidwa kuti muzitsitsa zomera pamwamba pamutu, zomwe zingakuthandizeni kupanga chitsamba chosakanikirana bwino ndi fruiting.
Kuvala, kuyambira autumn, manyowa ovunda amabweretsedwa m'nthaka, ndipo musanayambe kubzala, amamera nthaka ndi zinthu zowakaniza ndi peat. Kuti mupange feteleza (mutabzala), potaziyamu nitrate imadzipiritsika mu malita 10 a madzi akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito, kapena mitsuko yapadera yomwe nayitrogeni, phosphorous, potaziyamu mchere ndi superphosphate zilipo.
Kuthirira m'chilimwe kumachitika tsiku ndi tsiku, kotero kuti dziko lapansi lisaume.
Chisamaliro
Pambuyo pofesa mbewu mu miphika kapena kubzala mbande pamalo otseguka, siteji ya chisamaliro chogwira ntchito ndi yowonjezereka ikuyamba, chifukwa ndipamene mungathe kupeza tsabola wathanzi komanso wamphamvu.
Kunyumba
Pamene mukukula mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya "Spark" pawindo, zotsatirazi zikuyimira pakati pa ntchito zazikuru:
- Kuthira kwamuyaya ndi kokwanira, poganizira nyengo. Mwezi woyamba mutabzala, zomera zachinyamata zimafuna madzi okwanira mokwanira kuti nthaka mu miphika nthawi zonse imakhala yonyowa. Komabe, yesetsani kutsanulira tsabola yanu, chifukwa madzi akupanga zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuti akule matenda osakondweretsa, ngati "mwendo wakuda".
- Kupanga kutentha kwabwino pamene mukukula pawindo: mulingo woyenera - pafupifupi 20 ° C, ndipo pamene mukuzizira kunja ndikofunika kuchotsa miphika ndi zomera kutali ndi mawindo otsegula ("Spark" salola kulekerera ma drafts).
- Bwezerani chomera kamodzi pa chaka (nthawi zina ngakhale kawiri) pogwiritsa ntchito mphika waukulu ndi gawo latsopano la nthaka.
- Kudyetsa tsabola ndi mineral zovuta feteleza, ndifupipafupi kwa 1 masiku 14, mpaka kumapeto kwa nyengo ya chilimwe (kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza zovuta, mu ndalama zomwe zimasonyezedwa pamatumba).
- Kugwedeza chitsamba mopepuka kuti musapewe chomera chokwanira chomera (mungathe kugwedeza mphika mopepuka).
- Kuunikira kwapangidwe kazomera nthawi yozizira pogwiritsa ntchito nyali za bioluminescent (nthawi yonse ya usana sayenera kukhala ochepera maola 12).
Ndikofunikira! Kuwonjezera pa kuyatsa ndi kutentha kokwanira, tsabola imayenera kuunika nthawi zonse ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, ndipo imayenera kukhala yunifolomu, ikugwa kumadera onse a chitsamba (kamodzi patsiku poto ayenera kusinthasintha 180 °).
Kumalo otseguka
Mukamera tsabola "Moto" pamtunda, ntchito zonse zothandizira zimachitidwa chimodzimodzi, kupatula ngati zomera sizifuna kuunikira kwina ndikukhala ndi kutentha. M'nyengo yotentha, chisamaliro chapadera chiyenera kulipidwa ku ulimi wothirira, pogwiritsa ntchito madzi ofunda, otetezedwa ndi dzuwa. Mulimonsemo sayenera nthaka mu mabedi ndi tsabola iume, kotero kutsirira kumachitika kawiri pa tsiku m'chilimwe.
Kuti apangidwe mwamsanga zipatso ndi kupewa matenda ambiri, "Spark" ayenera kulandira zakudya zokwanira pamodzi ndi zakudya zowonjezerapo, makamaka zitsulo za nayitrogeni. 50 g ya potaziyamu nitrate, itasungunuka mu 10 l madzi, imathandizira kuthana ndi ntchitoyi, ngakhale kuti zitsulo zopangidwa ndi okonzeka zopangidwa ndi nitrogen, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi superphosphate sizikhala zothandiza.
Mukudziwa? Kuwotcha kwa tsabola wotentha kumachokera ku alkaloid capsaicin, kuchuluka kwake komwe mu zipatso zouma ndi pafupifupi 2%.
Pambuyo kukolola, kuponyera mbewu kutali sikofunikira. Monga mitundu ina yambiri, "Spark" ndi zomera zosatha, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti m'dzinja zingadulidwe ndi kuziyika mu mphika waukulu kuti zisungidwe m'nyengo yozizira. Kuti tichite izi, tsabola yonseyo imadulidwa pamtunda wa masentimita 10-15 pamwamba pa nthaka ndikusamutsira chidebe ndi nthaka yothira. Pakubwera kasupe, mbeuyo idzachira msanga, ikukula masamba atsopano ndipo idzabala zipatso kusiyana ndi zomwe zimakula ndi mbande.
Pindulani ndi kuvulaza
Monga chomera china chirichonse, mitundu yosiyanasiyana "Spark" ili ndi ubwino wake ndi zovuta za kulima. Ubwino wokula ndi awa:
- Kukhalapo komwe kumakhala ndi mavitamini ambiri ndi kufufuza zinthu zomwe zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala ndi mantha komanso amtima, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yamagetsi ikuyendera bwino.
- Pogwiritsidwa ntchito pa mlingo woyenera, zotsatira zabwino kwambiri za thupi la anthu omwe ali ndi mafuta ambiri a shuga ndi shuga (pachimake "Spark" amachepetsa zizindikiro izi).
- Pepper amachepetsa chiopsezo chokhala ndi njira zamagetsi ndi zotupa, ngakhale kuti ntchito yake pazinthu izi sizafala.
- Chifukwa cha makhalidwe abwino kwambiri "Spark" amaonedwa kuti ndibwino kwambiri pa zokometsera zosiyanasiyana, chinthu chachikulu ndichokophika.
Kuwonjezera pa tsabola, oregano (oregano), chervillo, caraway, rocambol, vwende, sucker, hops, chillice, calendula ndi buttercups zimathandizanso pa moyo wa mtima.
Zopweteka za zomera zingathe kukhalapo mwina mwina kuti zhguchest, zomwe sizimalola kugwiritsa ntchito tsabola wotere kwa anthu omwe ali ndi asidi a m'mimba (kukula kwa chilonda ndi gastritis n'zotheka). Kuonjezera apo, sikofunika kuti miphika ndi zomera zikhale zovuta kwa ana, popeza maonekedwe abwino a chipatso angapangitse ana kuyesera, zomwe iwo sangasangalale nacho.
Kusamba ndi kubereka
Monga tanenera kale, kuika tsabola "Spark" sikuchitidwa kamodzi pachaka. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yosakaniza yokonzedwa ndi peat, mchenga ndi humus, kapena nthaka yosakaniza ndi mchenga wa mtsinje. Ngati ndi kotheka, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka yokonzedwa bwino, yogulitsidwa m'masitolo a zomera. Njira yokonzekera yokha sikudzakutengerani nthawi yochuluka, chifukwa kutenga chomera kuchokera mu gawo losakanizika sikudzakhala kovuta, ndipo mumangoyiyika mu mphika waukulu ndikudzaza ndi michere yatsopano.
Pankhani ya kuswana tsabola, ikhoza kuchitika m'njira ziwiri izi: mbewu kapena polemba pamodzi.
Pofalitsa mbewu, tsatirani izi:
- Fufuzani zokolola za kumera, kusefukira ndi madzi ndi kutayira mbewu.
- Konzani gawo lapansi ndikuliponya mu miphika pamwamba pa chingwe chotayira (njerwa zosweka ndi zoyenera monga ngalande, ndikupanga nthaka yosakaniza, ndi bwino kutenga mchenga ndi humus limodzi ndi magawo awiri a munda).
- Bzalani mbewu (4-5 zidutswa pakati pa mphika wapakati) polowera mu gawo lapansi ndi 0,6 masentimita kapena kumwazikana pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Pewani mbewu ndi nthaka ndikutsanulira pa sprayer kuti musasambe mbewu.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino, pafupifupi masabata awiri pambuyo pa mphukira, zimalimbikitsa kudyetsa zomera zazing'ono ndi feteleza zokhala ndi mavitamini (divorced mullein kapena zitosi za nkhuku), ndipo tsabola ikafika pamtunda wa masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, zimalangizidwa kuti izisonga pamwamba kuti chipatso chizikula .
Kubalana ndi kudula ndi njira yowonjezera mbeu, ndi kusunga maonekedwe awo (kusiyana ndi njira ya mbewu). Ndondomekoyi imachitika mwa kudula nthambi kuchokera mmunda wa mayi ndikusunthira mu nthaka yosalala ndi yochepa, kenako zipatsozo zimathiriridwa ndi phukusi. Pa pafupi sabata, mbali zonse zolekanitsidwa zidzakhazikitsa mizu yawo yokha.
Maluwa a cuttings anaona kale kuposa zomera zomwe zimafalitsidwa ndi mbeu (pambuyo pa miyezi 1.5).
Cuttings angathenso kufalitsidwa jamu, laurel, nyanja buckthorn, maula, mphesa, cotoneaster, chokeberry, snowberry, honeysuckle honeysuckle.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kawirikawiri, tsabola zosiyanasiyana "Spark" zimayambidwa ndi nsabwe za m'masamba kapena nthata zamatsenga, zomwe zimachokera ku zomera zina pamene ziri pamsewu. Mukangoyang'ana alendo osalandiridwa, muyenera kutengapo nthawi yomweyo kuti muwachotse.
Njira yophweka ndiyo kugula mankhwala opangidwa ndi okonzeka. (osudzulana motsatira malangizo pa phukusi), koma ngati simukufuna kugwiritsa ntchito makina, njira yokhayo ingakhale yogwiritsira ntchito maphikidwe owerengeka. Mwachitsanzo, mukhoza kugaya peppercorns zingapo mu chopukusira nyama ndikuziphatikiza ndi madzi, ndikulimbikira kwa maola 24. Pambuyo panthawiyi kulowetsedwa kuyenera kuthiridwa ndi kutsanulira tchire kangapo, pakapita masiku asanu. Popeza kuti capsaicin imapezeka mu zipatso (izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pozilombola tizilombo toyambitsa matenda), aphid ndi mite zidzatha msangamsanga pambuyo poyambana nayo.
Ngati tsabola sichimasamba kwa nthawi yaitali, Mwinanso chifukwa chake chimadalira kuwonongeka kwa dothi ndi nayitrojeni, zomwe zimayambitsa, ndithudi, ziyenera kuchepetsedwa. Pamene masamba akuwala, muyenera kumvetsera kuunikira kwa tsabola, ndipo ngati kuli kotheka, gwiritsani ntchito magetsi opangira (pokhala mkati).
Kawirikawiri, palibe vuto lalikulu polima tsabola "Spark" iyenera kuwuka. Всё, что от вас требуется - неуклонно соблюдать правила его посадки и дальнейшего ухода. После чего растение непременно порадует вас богатым урожаем жгучей пряности.
