M'nkhani ino tikambirana za salvia ndi mitundu yake, phunzirani kuchulukitsa ndi kusamalira mbewu. Timaphunzira kuchotsa tizirombo ta salvia ndi mankhwala a zomera.
Mukudziwa? Salvia (Salvia) wochokera ku Latin amatembenuzidwa kuti "kulimbikitsa thanzi." Dzina lina la sage ndi salvia.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya salvia
Salvia ndi banja la yasnekovy, lomwe liri ndi mitundu pafupifupi 900 padziko lonse lapansi. Chomera ichi chimapezeka m'madera ozizira. Salvia amakonda malo a dzuwa monga madera, minda, madera a nkhalango ndi nkhalango zochepa.
Kwa anthu wamba, mankhwala ochiritsira amatchedwa nzeru, ndi maluwa yokongoletsa amatchedwa salvia. Zomera zimagawidwa kukhala zomera zosakondana komanso zopanda kuzizira.
Mitundu yosasinthasintha ya masamba ndi maluwa awa:
1. Msamba wa Salvia ndi chomera chokongoletsera chomwe chimamasula ndi maluu a buluu osiyana siyana kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Pachiyambi cha mitundu iyi mitundu yambiri yowonjezera inapangidwa: Schneehugel, Rose Queen, Blauhugel. 
2. Salvia Dubravnaya - chomera chosasinthasintha, chomwe chimatchuka kwambiri chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa ofiira ndi a pinki, omwe ndi: Caradonna ndi Schwellenburg. 
3. Munda wa Salvia - wofiira, wofiira kapena wowala maluwa omwe umatuluka m'chilimwe. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi Haematodes. 
4. Salvia Mutovchataya - yokongola chomera ndi lilac mtundu wa maluwa. Amamera kuyambira July mpaka autumn. Mitundu yodziwika bwino ndi Mvula Yambiri. 
5. Salvia officinalis - yokongola ndi mankhwala chomera. 
6. Salvia buluu - chomera chokongola chomwe chimamasula ndi maluwa obiriwira a buluu kuyambira July mpaka m'ma October. 
7. Salvia Japan - zomera zimachokera ku Japan ndipo zimamasula kuchokera mu August mpaka October ndi maluwa achikasu. 
Thermophilic salvia ikuphatikizapo mitundu yotsatirayi:
1. Salvia marsh - chomera chokonda moto, chimachokera ku South America. Amakula mpaka mamita awiri m'lifupi ndipo ali ndi maluwa okongola. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa chilimwe ndipo amatha mpaka m'mawa. 
2. Salvia akuwoneka bwino - pachaka, amamasula kuchokera mu June kufikira kuyamba kwa chisanu. Mtengo wa zomera ndi wofiira wa lalanje mpaka wofiirira. 
3. Salvia wofiira - wotchedwa thermophilic biennial, wochokera ku South America. Maluwa amayamba kumapeto kwa dzinja. Mtundu - woyera, pinki ndi wofiira. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Lady mu Red ndi Forest Fire. 
4. Spanish Salvia - yokongola chomera chofiirira maluwa. Maluwa mu May ndi June. Zili zofanana ndi mzeru ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. 
5. Powdery salvia ndi chomera chokongola chomwe chimamasula kuchokera ku chilimwe mpaka ku autumn. Mtundu - wowala buluu. Zotchuka kwambiri ndi Victoria. 
6. Salvia myrtle - shrub, anachokera ku Mexico. Maluwa ofiira owala amasonyezedwa pakati pa chilimwe ndi mpaka kumapeto kwa chisanu choyamba. 
7. Salvia wochepa - mtengo wamtali umene umapezeka kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mtundu - wofiira. Salvia amagwiritsidwanso ntchito mchere wophika kapena zipatso, chifukwa ali ndi zipatso zosapsa. Mitundu yolemekezeka ndi Nkhono ya Chinana ndi Tangerine Sage. 
8. Bleached salvia ndi chomera cha Mexico chomwe chiri ndi maluwa akuda omwe ndi theka yosungidwa mu kapu ya siliva. 
9. Salvia nutmeg (clary wise) ndi yosatha, maluwa omwe amapitirira mu masika ndi chilimwe. Mtundu - kirimu-wofiira, pinki kapena buluu. Mafuta ofunikira amapangidwa kuchokera ku clary wise, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa mankhwala ndi perfumery. 
10. Salvia ataphimbidwa - Mitengo ya ku Mexico yomwe imakonda kutentha kuchokera ku chilimwe mpaka m'ma autumn. Mtundu - wowala buluu. Mitundu yotchuka ndi Cambridge Blue ndi Blue Angel. 
11. Phiri la Salvia ndi chomera cha Texan chomwe chimasungunuka kuyambira kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka nthawi ya autumn. Mtundu - wofiira. Zosiyanazi sizodziwika bwino kwa wamaluwa. 
Kulima ndi kusamalira
Kukula salvia ndi ntchito yosavuta. Chomera ichi chimakonda malo okonzeka bwino komanso osakanizika. Tiyenera kukumbukira pamene mukufunika kubzala mbewu. Nthawi yofesa salvia imadalira zosiyanasiyana, koma nthawi yabwino yobzala ndi February-March. Maluwa salvia amayamba miyezi 4-5 mutabzala.
Kukonzekera nthaka ndi akasinja kubzala
Kuyamba ndi kukonzekera bokosi la mbande. Chofala kwambiri ndi matabwa. Pansi pake palidzala ndi dothi losakaniza kuti likhale la masentimita 2 mpaka pamwamba. Pambuyo pake, gawoli limapukutidwa kwambiri ndipo limaphimbidwa ndi galasi, lomwe linatsala usiku wonse.
Kukonzekera Mbewu ndi kufesa
Kuyenera kukumbukiridwa momwe mungamere bwino mbeu za salvia kuti mbewuyo ikhale tchire lokongola ndi maluwa okongola. Nthanga za Salvia ndizochepa, ndipo kuyesa kufesa zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga. Nkhumba zafesedwa pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Kenako ayenera kuthiridwa ndi madzi ofunda kuchokera ku sprayer ndipo akudutswa ndi dothi lopanda madzi 1-2 mm, kenako amathira pansi ndikuphimba pamwamba pa bokosilo ndi galasi. Ndikofunika kutsatira zomwe zili bwino kutentha - + 25 ° С.
Kusamalira mmera
Mankhwala a salvia ndi osavuta. Nthanga zitapereka mphukira zoyamba, bokosilo limawonekera ku dzuwa. Tsiku lowala kwa mbande ndi maola 12. Nthaka siingathetsere, koma sayenera kukhala youma. Kumwa mowa mopitirira muyeso kumabweretsa matenda a blackleg. Ngati matendawa awonedwa, chotsani galasi ndikuwaza nthaka ndi mchenga wouma.
Kupaka zovala zapamwamba kwa salvia kumathandiza kwambiri. Tengani mtengo wake kawiri musanalowe pansi. Pamene mbande zikuwoneka masamba, zikutanthauza kuti akhoza kuziyika miphika yosiyana. Pambuyo pake, salvia amamwetsa madzi, ndipo mphikawo uli ndi pepala.
Kuthirira, kuvala ndi kunyamula
Ntchito yanu yotsatira ndiyo kukula mbande ndi mizu yabwino. Izi zidzathandiza Salvia kukhala mwamsanga mu nthaka yatsopano. Musaiwale za kunyamula sage. Pa izi, mbande imathamanga kawiri. Nthawi yoyamba - ndi maonekedwe atatu awa. Zipatso zimaikidwa m'mabokosi ena pamtunda wa masentimita 6 kuchokera pamzake. Nthawi yachiwiri imachitika patatha masabata atatu pakasankhidwa koyamba. Zomera zimabzalidwa mu miphika, yomwe imakhala ndi masentimita 12.
Pamene mapaundi 3-4 a masamba akuwoneka, ndi bwino kuyamba kuyambitsa salvia. Izi zimakupatsani tchire zakuda. Kuyambira April, mphukira ziyenera kuyamba kuuma. Pakuti kutentha kwa usiku uku kwachepetsedwa kufika 10 ° C.
Akufika poyera
Ndi liti pamene mantha a kasupe a chisanu, salvii adzabzala pamalo otseguka pamalo osatha. Salvias amakonda malo a dzuwa ndi nthaka yathanzi. Pakati pa zomera, mtunda uyenera kukhala 25-30 masentimita. Musanadzalemo, manyowa malo otsetsereka ndi humus. Mutabzala, zomera zichotsedwe pa nthawi yake ndipo namsongole ayenera kudyetsedwa ndi mchere feteleza.
Kusamba madzi nthawi zonse sikuli koyenera, koma kutentha kwa chilimwe, salvia angadwale chifukwa chosowa chinyezi. Ngati ayamba kufota, dikirani madzulo ndikuyamikiranso zomera. Izi zidzamupatsa iye mawonekedwe omwewo.
Kudulira zomera
Kudulira kumalimbikitsa kukula kwa mphukira. Salvia anakhazikika mosavuta, choncho ayenera kudula kuti nthambi ikhale mizu. Njirayi iyenera kuchitika mu kugwa kapena kasupe. Dulani mzere wofunika womwe umakhala ndi mphukira, ndikusiya masentimita masentimita a masamba ndi masamba. Dulani ilo pambali ndi mpeni woyera. Perennial salvia amafunika kudulira pachaka. Komanso, musaiwale za njirayi monga kupalasa Salvia, chifukwa izi ndi zomwe zingakupatseni chigamba chachikulu.
Mukudziwa? Zikadakhala kuti mukabzala maluwa mumunda wanu, zidzatalikitsa moyo wanu.
Kuberekera salvia
Nthawi zambiri amagula kale salvia ndi maluwa omwe akuphuka. Koma nyemba zimapereka mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri kusiyana ndi kukula miphika. Ngati mawindo anu akuyang'ana kum'mwera chakum'maŵa, kum'mwera chakumadzulo kapena kumwera - imbani mbewuyi molimba mtima ndi manja anu. Chomeracho chikhoza kufalikira m'njira zinayi: ndi mbewu, cuttings, zigawo za mlengalenga ndikugawanitsa chitsamba.
Mbewu
Kuberekera kwa Salvia mbewu sikutanthauza chidziwitso kapena khama lapadera.
Nkofunikira kuti musaphonye nthawi yabwino yosonkhanitsa mbewu, pamene iwo akugwa mwamsanga. Mwamsanga pamene maluwa apansi atembenukira bulauni, mphukira yosankhidwa kuti mbewu idulidwe ndi kuikidwa mu bokosi lapadera kuti yakucha.
Pa nthawi yobereketsa, muyenera kusamala komanso mosamala. N'zotheka kubzala mbande isanafike nyengo yozizira, ndipo mu kasupe mbewu zimakhala kale pamalo osatha. Koma, mwatsoka, njira iyi siimabweretsa zotsatira, monga mbewu sizikhala m'nyengo yozizira pa zifukwa zosiyanasiyana. Ndibwino kuti muzitha kuswana m'chaka ndi kunyumba. Kuti tichite izi, dziko lapansi limatsanuliridwa mu bokosi laling'ono, ndipo mbewuzo zimabzalidwa mmenemo. Pakusintha koyamba, pambuyo pooneka makapu akuluakulu, oyenera miphika yaying'ono. M'masiku oyambirira a chilimwe, n'zotheka kuti pakhale achinyamata a salvias pansi. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yamchenga ndi yachonde.
Ndikofunikira! Salvia amawoloka mosavuta, kotero muyenera kudzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'malo osiyanasiyana.
Cuttings
Kulengeza salvia mwa kudula sikuli kovuta kwambiri. Izi zimafuna cuttings kudula mu kutalika pafupifupi 10-15 masentimita. Izi ndizochitika bwino madzulo. Cuttings mizu mumadzi ndi madzi, otetezedwa ku dzuwa. Masamba omwe amafalikira pa cuttings ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Mizu imawoneka masabata awiri. Kubzala kumachitika patatha sabata pambuyo pooneka mizu. Ikani nthawi yomweyo pamalo osatha. Masiku oyambirira ndibwino kuti mthunzi ukhale mthunzi ku dzuwa, nthawi zambiri madzi ndi kutsanulira masamba. 
Makhalidwe a mpweya
Kufalitsa salvia ndi maonekedwe a mpweya ndi osavuta. Nthambi yachitsamba imakanikizidwa pansi ndipo imakhala ndi chitsulo chosungira. Mizu yatsopano imakula m'miyezi ingapo, ndipo nthambi imatha kudulidwa ku chitsamba chachikulu. Kenaka, pamodzi ndi mtanda wa dziko lapansi, mothandizidwa ndi chithunzithunzi, akhoza kuikidwa pamalo atsopano.
Kugawa chitsamba
Njirayi imalangizidwa kuti ichitike kumapeto kwa August kapena kumayambiriro kwa September. Kubereketsa kotereku ndi koyenera kwambiri kwa osatha. Muyenera kukumba pansi bwino ndikukonzekera ndi feteleza. Kumbukirani kuti ngati mutabzala zomera zimakhala zowirira ndi zowirira, tchire lidzakokedwa pamwamba, ndipo padzakhala maluwa ochepa pa iwo. Ngati mubzala salvia kawirikawiri, tchire lidzakula m'kati mwake. Mtunda woyenera ndi 45-50 cm pakati pa mizere ndi 20-25 masentimita pakati pa tchire.
Mankhwala a salvia
Chitsamba chomauma ndi mankhwala amtundu wa matenda. Koma mitundu yambiri yamagulu imakhala ndi mankhwala - mankhwala, nutmeg, Ethiopia ndi Spanish. Mitundu ina imakhalanso ndi mankhwala, koma sizinatchulidwe monga zomwe zinaperekedwa pamwambapa.
Mukudziwa? Pa nthawi ya mliriwo, salvia ankatengedwa kuti ndi nambala imodzi yothetsera ndi kubwezeretsa thupi.
Masamba a Salvia ali ndi anti-kutupa, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso hemostatic properties.
Gwiritsani ntchito chomera kuti musambidwe ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- Kutupa ndi matenda a chingamu;
- Stomatitis;
- Bronchitis;
- Chithunzi;
- Catarrh wa tsamba lopuma.
Madokotala akunja amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito luso la zilonda, gastritis, matenda a chiwindi ndi impso, m'mimba kutupa komanso kuchiza mabala a purulent. Sungani masamba ndi nsonga za mapesi a nthata pa nthawi ya masamba.
Kenaka amauma ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala kapena popanga zodzoladzola. Sage ali ndi fungo lamphamvu komanso kulawa kowawa.
Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti musamadziwe matenda a khunyu, kukhwima mwamphamvu ndi mimba. Pa mlingo waukulu, sage amachititsa kukwiya kwa mucous nembanemba.
Zirombo zazikulu ndi matenda a salvia
Salvia yokongoletsera zomera amayamba kukhala ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana ndi matenda. Pali njira zothandizira kuteteza zomera. Muyenera kutsatira malamulo a chisamaliro ndi kuthirira, komanso kupanga chakudya. Ngati kuli koyenera kusamalira salvia, ndiye kuti pali pangozi yopeza bowa, mabakiteriya ndi mavairasi osiyanasiyana. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali m'bokosi kumabweretsa kusokoneza kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndibwino kukumbukira kuti panyumba, njira zowonongeka kwa nthaka, zonse mankhwala ndi kutentha, zimapereka zotsatira zochepa. Musanayambe kubzala mbewu mumabokosi ndi kusintha nthaka isanadze. Ndiye ndithudi mudzakhala ndi salvia wathanzi komanso wokongola.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta masamba ndi zimayambira: zizindikiro ndi mankhwala
Nthaŵi zambiri masamba ndi mapesi a salvia amaonongeka ndi misomali ndi slugs. Kulimbana nawo n'kosavuta. Kuyeretsa tizilombo kumapangidwira.
Ndiponso zina tizirombo salvia kuwononga maonekedwe a masamba ndi zimayambira za zomera. Mwachitsanzo, aphid. Tizilombo timadya timadzi timene timakhala ndi mavitamini komanso timafunikira amino acid. Pankhaniyi, imapereka chiwerengero chachikulu cha paddy. Zimakopa mitundu ina ya tizilombo. Nsabwe za m'masamba ndi chimodzi mwa tizirombo towononga kwambiri. Aphid ikuwoneka ngati iyi: 
Aphid imakhala pa masamba ndipo imamwa juzi kuchokera ku maluwa atsopano. Kuwonjezera apo, tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa tikhoza kutengera matenda opatsirana pogonana - galls. Amachepetsa salvia ndipo amachititsa imfa ya mbewu.
Kuchokera ku matenda a salvia, powdery mildew akhoza kusiyanitsidwa. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo timene timakhala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zizindikiro za matendawa ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi zizindikiro za powdery mildew. Koma pa masamba oyera mawonekedwe a white scurf pamunsi mwa tsamba, ndipo pamwamba pake kuwoneka chikasu kapena bulauni mawanga. Masamba owuma kapena kuvunda.
Matendawa amayamba nthawi zambiri pa zomera zomwe zimamera m'malo amvula. Pofuna kuthetsa matendawa, muyenera kupopera mbewuyi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta maluwa: zizindikiro ndi mankhwala
Thrips ndi tizilombo tating'ono tomwe timakonda kudya mbewu. Amalowa m'nyumba kudzera m'mawindo. Thrips amachititsa kuti mungu usagwe ndipo kuchepetsa nyengo ya maluwa kwa salvia.
Kuti muwone ngati chomeracho chiri ndi kachilomboka, ndikwanira kukwanitsa maluwa pang'ono ndikugwedeza pamapepala akuda.
Pofuna kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa, muyenera kuchita mankhwala awiri kapena atatu masiku khumi ndi awiri. Kuchita izi kuli koyenera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Matenda ndi tizirombo ta mizu: zizindikiro ndi chithandizo
Nthawi zambiri, mizu ya salvia imadwala matenda otchedwa blackleg ndi mizu yovunda. Matendawa amayamba chifukwa cha bowa: Fusarium, Pythium kapena Phytophthora.
Ndi matendawa, mizu imakhudzidwa, ndipo minofu yake imakhala yakuda. Mizu pang'onopang'ono ikutembenukira bulauni ndi kufa. Salvia mwiniwake akhoza kufa pasanathe masiku anayi. Malo odulidwa ndi Brown amaikidwa m'munsi mwa tsinde la akulu akulu. Zomera zimayamba kukula kwambiri, koma samafa. Mitundu yofiira kapena yofiirira imawoneka pa zinyama zomwe zimakhudzidwa. Mtundu umadalira mtundu wa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Njira yaikulu ya matenda ndi nthaka.
Pofuna kupewa vutoli, ndi bwino kusintha nthaka isanayambe kubzala ndi kudyetsa mbande ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Palinso mankhwala opangira mankhwala: narcissus, zircon ndi immunocytophyte. Izi zimawonjezera kukana kwa mbewu. Pamene zowola zimachitika, tulutsani nthaka ndi zomera ndi mankhwala: zowonongeka, mphutsi ndi topsin-M. Ngati simukufuna kusokoneza zomera zanu ndi mankhwala, timalimbikitsa kuthirira mbewu ndi nthaka ndi yochepa pinki yothetsera potassium permanganate.
Chitetezo Choletsa Tizilombo
Kupewa ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yotetezera salvia ku matenda ndi majeremusi. Kuti muchite izi, nkofunikira kusankha mitundu yoyenera yomwe imatsutsidwa ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Musaiwale za momwe mungabzalitsire salvia kuti zikhale zosavuta kuyeretsa chomera kuchokera ku tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Muyeneranso kutsatira ndondomeko za ukhondo, sungani chomeracho choyera ndikuchotsa namsongole kapena zomera zowononga nthawi.
Kuwononga tizirombo kapena matenda kumunda, mungagwiritse ntchito kupopera fodya msuzi, kusakaniza ndi 4 g wa sopo wobiriwira mu 1 lita imodzi ya msuzi.
Tsopano popeza tikudziwa zonse za salvia, tili ndi mtendere wa m'maganizo tingayambe kulima chomera chokongolacho pakhomo. Tinayang'ana momwe tingamalidzerere ndi kusamalira salvia, komanso tinaphunzira za machiritso a zomera. Musaiwale za tizirombo zomwe zimayenera kukhala panthawi yake.
