Ndikuganiza kuti ambiri mwa inu munabwera ndi lingaliro la chifukwa chake mfundo zazikulu za kufalitsa kwa mbatata ndizitsamba zake, osati mbewu zake?
Kodi kuchulukitsa mbewu kwa mbatata kungakhale kovuta kwa munthu wamba?
Kapena kodi mbewu zimasowa zofunikira zapadera?
Ndipotu, njira imeneyi ndi yotsika mtengo kwa aliyense, komanso ili ndi ubwino wambiri.
Koma kuti tisawoneke kuti tilibe kanthu, tidzakudziwitsani mwatsatanetsatane ndi zizindikiro za kubzala kotero ndikukuphunzitsani kukula mbatata zabwino popanda kugwiritsa ntchito tubers.
Kodi ndizomwe zimayambitsa kulima mbatata ndi njira ya mbeu?
Vuto lalikulu lomwe limapangitsa anthu kuti apange njira yatsopano yobzala mbatata ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola. Mfundo ndi yakuti mitundu yonse ya mbatata ndi kukula kwawo nthawi zonse pogwiritsa ntchito tubers kuwonongeka posachedwa.
Ngakhale kudyetsa kwakukulu, chisamaliro chosamalitsa kwambiri ndi kusankhidwa kwa nthaka yachonde kwambiri m'zaka zisanu, mumadziŵa molondola kuchepetsa kukula kwa tubers okha, komanso nambala yawo pansi pa chitsamba chimodzi.
Koma izi siziri mapeto a vuto la mbatata yowonjezera kale, popeza tubers ndizonyamula matenda osiyanasiyana.
N'zoona kuti njira yotulutsira mavitaminiwa ndi mitundu yatsopano ya mbewu ndi ulimi wake. Komabe, ganizirani ngati nkoyenera kuchita ngati kuli koyenera kugula mbewu za mbatata?
Kodi ubwino wa mbatata ukukula ndi chiyani?
Choyamba, kugula mbewu kukupatsani zambiri. wotchipam'malo mogula mitundu yatsopano ya tubers. Komanso, pofuna kusungirako mbeu simusowa kuti mupange chipinda chonse ndipo nthawi zonse muzisunga kutentha ndi chinyezi mmenemo. Amatha kunama mpaka kasupe m'bokosi ndi mbewu za kaloti, nkhaka ndi tomato.
Polemba mndandanda wa ubwino wofesa mbatata ndi mbewu, nkofunika kutchula Kukhalitsa kwa zokolola. Ndipotu, kubzala poyamba sikuli ndi matenda.
Zatchulidwanso kukhala bata mbatata kuti awonongeke mochedwa, komanso zovuta zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe.
Ndipo chofunikira kwambiri kwa aliyense wa munda: Njira iyi yobzala imapereka zokolola zambiri. Izi zimakhudza kukula kwa tubers ndi nambala yawo. Makamaka, izi zimagonjetsa vuto la kubzala, ngakhale ngakhale kugwiritsa ntchito mbatata yaikulu yobzala, zotsatira zake ndi "chigawo 16".
Kodi pali vuto lililonse lolima mbatata ndipo ndi chiyani?
Kuti tikhale owonamtima kwathunthu ndi inu, tiyeni tiganizire zolephera za njira iyi. Choyamba, izi ndizokuti kulima mbatata koteroko kungakupangitseni kukhala osokonezeka. Zoona zake n'zakuti tchire ndi tubers sizikula mofanana. Makamaka, chitsamba chilichonse chikhoza kusonyeza zokolola zake, kukula kwake ndi mtundu wa tubers, kukana matenda.
Choncho, khalani okonzeka kukachezera nsapato za obereketsa, monga momwe mungasankhire mankhwala omwe mumakonda kwambiri omwe mumakonda kubzala chaka chotsatira. Kotero, ngakhale kuti pali mavuto ochulukirapo, n'zotheka kubweretsa dziko latsopano zatsopano za chikhalidwe chodabwitsa.
Komabe, ichi si vuto lalikulu la njira iyi. Tiyenera kuzindikila ndi izi:
- Kuvuta ndiko kulima mbande, chifukwa chimakhala ndi mizu yofooka komanso yosakhazikika. Zokhudza izi ziyenera kutenga nthaka yonyansa kwambiri. Zomwe zinachitikira mu munda wamaluwawa amalimbikitsa kugwiritsa ntchito utuchi, zomwe zimamera mbande mpaka mamita atatu centimita kutalika kwake.
- Mwamsanga atangomera, mbande zingathe kuchita mwamphamvu. Makamaka, iyenera kupereka nyali yowonjezera ndi yowonjezera dzuwa, mwinamwake zomera zidzachotsedwa kwambiri.
- Ngakhale kuti zipatso za mbatata zotere zimakhala zotsutsana kwambiri, mphukira zawo zimatha kuzungulira kwambiri ku matenda osiyanasiyana, zomwe zimakhala zoopsa kwambiri ndi blackleg. Pa chifukwa chimenechi, kukonzekera monga Planriz, Trichodermina, ndi Black Yeast ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse.
- Mbande, ngakhale isanafike nthawi yoyenera yopatsa, imakhala yofooka kwambiri, yomwe imapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonongeka. Koma apa ndikofunika kuyesa, chifukwa zotsatira zake zidzakhala zabwino.
Kubzala mbewu: koyamba kuti?
Mu nyengo ya Russia ndi Ukraine, kulima mbatata amalimbikitsidwa mbande. Ndipo ndi bwino kufesa mbewu mu greenhouses, kumene zidzamera bwino kukula mpaka mphindi yomweyo ya kuika.
Mwa njira, mbewu zomwezo sizikuyenera kugula, popeza mukhoza kudzikonzekeretsanso nokha. Pachifukwachi, amasonkhanitsidwa, omwe amapangidwa pamwamba pamtunda wobiriwira. Iwo amangiridwa mu gauze ndipo amaikidwa mu malo abwino komanso otentha. Akamaliza kucha ndi kupeza mawonekedwe ochepetsetsa ndi mtundu wowala, adzatheka kuwaphwanya kuti apeze mbewu.
Zomalizazi ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino komanso zouma, kenako zikanasungidwa m'magazi ndi kusungidwa kufikira masika.
Zofunikira zofunika kwa mbewu ndi kukonzekera kubzala
Ndikofunika kuti muwone kuti mbeu ya mbatata imakhala yochepa kwambiri, choncho mbeu zambiri mukakonzekera, zimakhala zokolola zambiri.
Komanso, ndikofunika kukonzekera njere bwino musanayese kufesa, zomwe zidzakulitsa kwambiri mwayi wa kumera. Makamaka, zimathandiza kwambiri akukwera iwo kwa masiku awiri m'madzi.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, kutsekemera kwa mbeu kumakhala kovuta.
Masana, mbale ndi mbewu zowonongeka zingasiyidwe pa kutentha kwabwino, ndipo zimatumizidwa usiku kufiriji ndi kutentha kwa + 1 ° C. Mwanjira iyi, mbewu izikonzekera kusintha kwa chirengedwe kutentha kwa nthaka kumene mudzafesa.
Kuyambira kufesa kungakhale pamene mbeu zikuwoneka kuti zimayambira. Chowonadi ndi chakuti iwo sangakhale oyenerera kukula, ndipo mukhoza kungopatula nthawi yofesa, koma osapeza zotsatira.
Nthawi yabwino yofesa mbatata
Kufesa mbewu za mbatata ndizoyambirira kwambiri. Ndi bwino kuchita izi kumapeto kwa March kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa April. Ndicho, mbewu zimabzalidwa mabokosi okha. Tanena kale kuti mbande si nthawi zonse mbande zabwino, ndipo nthaka yotseguka imachepetsa chiwerengero chake.
Ndikofunika kukonzekera chisakanizo chabwino cha dothi: timatenga gawo limodzi la nthaka yabwino, tizisakaniza ndi magawo anayi a peat, onjezerani feteleza ndikutsitsimula bwino.
Kodi ndondomeko yabwino yotani yofesa mbewu?
Mbewu za mbatata, zomwe zatha kale "kuziyika," zimabzalidwa mzere m'mizere. Maipata ayenera kukhala okwanira, pafupifupi masentimita 10. Izi ndi zofunika kuti zomera zikhale ndi zakudya zokwanira, zomwe zili m'nthaka ya bokosi ndizochepa, komanso malo oti kukula kwa mbali ya mlengalenga ikule.
Pakati pa mbeu mungapange osati kutentha kwakukulu, kudzakhala kokwanira ndi masentimita asanu. Mbeu yokhala ndi nthaka yochuluka kwambiri siiyenerera, chifukwa zidzakhala zovuta kuti chomera chituluke mpaka kuunika. Optimal ntchito ya 0,5 masentimita mchenga wosanjikiza. Iyenso imafunika kutsetsereka pang'ono, chifukwa mukamwetsa mbeu za mbatata zingakhale zovuta kusamba pamwamba.
Mbali yosamalira mabala a mbatata
Mbewu zimenezo zimafuna kusamalidwa ndi kusamalidwa kwambiri. Makamaka, mwamsanga mutangobzala mbewu, mabokosi omwe ali nawo ayenera kuwonetsedwa ndi kanema (galasi ingagwiritsidwe ntchito).
Pambuyo pake, mabokosiwa amaikidwa pamalo abwino otentha popanda drafts, mungagwiritse ntchito filimu yotentha kwa ichi. Pokumbukira malangizowo onse, mphukira yoyamba idzabadwa kale masabata awiri. Koma m'kupita kwa nthawi, zomera sizikhala ndi malo okwanira mabokosiwo, motero mawonekedwe awiriwo amawonekera mbande zimatha pansi.
Ndibwino kuti muwaike m'malo ndi makapu ang'onoang'ono a pulasitiki omwe mumapanga makoswe. Miphika ya peat idzakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Monga mu mabokosi, komanso mu makapu a chomeracho, muyenera kuwonjezera nthawi zonse madzi osakaniza ndi udzu wa namsongole omwe akufalikira. Mukasankha n'kofunika kwambiri kudyetsa zomera ndi ammonium nitrate, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mizu yawo ikhale yatsopano.
Musaiwale kutsatira malonda ndi kutentha. Yoyamba iyenera kukhala yunifolomu nthawi zonse komanso mokwanira, mwinamwake mbande zingakhale zowala kwambiri. Ponena za kutentha, musalole kuti kugwe pansi pa 10 ° C, ngakhale usiku.
Zimakhalanso zosangalatsa kuwerenga za kubzala mbatata m'nyengo yozizira.
Timabzala mbande za mbatata pamalo otseguka: bwanji kuti zisasokoneze mtsogolo?
Mbatata mbande ndi zovuta kwambiri. Kuwonongeka kulikonse kungapangitse kuwonongeka kosasinthika kwa zomera. Kuonjezera apo, mizu yomwe ili mmenemo imapangidwa mofooka ndipo ndibwino kuika mbande mu nthaka yosauka komanso yochepa.
Tikukuchenjezerani kuti mbeu zina zingamwalire ndikulephera kupereka mbewu, komabe gawo lalikulu lidzakondweretsa inu.
Mbande ndi nthawi ya kubzala kwawo poyera
Pamene mbande ikukula, ikhoza kubzalidwa pamtunda, ngakhale yabwino pamabedi.
Koma pano, nanunso, simungakhale patsogolo pamasiku okondedwa. Pambuyo pake, mbatata mbande zimakhala zovuta kutsika kutentha.
Pa chifukwa ichi, chikhoza kubzalidwa kokha ndi kutha kwa chisanu, chomwe chimakhala zaka khumi za May.
Pazimenezi, muyenera kubzala mbatata mozama mokwanira: dzenje likukumba pafupifupi masentimita 10 zakuya. Inde, kuti idzafunikanso kuika pafupifupi 300 magalamu a humus ndikutsanulira theka la lita imodzi ya madzi.
Koma mmera wokha uyenera kuikidwa m'manda kuti tsinde lomwe liri ndi masamba atatu likhalebe pamwamba.
Chiwembu chokula mbatata ku mbande
Choyenera kusankha njira yobzala mbande 70 mpaka 35 centimita. Ndipo palibe chifukwa chake musanyalanyaze malangizo awa, ponena za kukula kwake kwa mbewu. Ndikhulupirire, iye adzamupeza ndikukhala ndi malo ake.
Ndikofunika kuti musanayambe kubzala mbande, pafupifupi sabata, ndi bwino kuti muwadyetse pang'ono ndi feteleza ya nitrogen: kuchita izi, kuchepetsa 30 gramu ya urea pa 10 malita a madzi ndi kuwonjezera pang'ono kwa mbewu iliyonse.
Nkofunika kuyamba kukonzekera nthaka mbande mbatata pasadakhale. Makamaka, musakhale aulesi kwambiri kuti muzikumba bwino.
Chabwino, ngati nthaka idzakhala ndi chonde chokwanira. Pokonzekera nthaka, zinthu zakuthupi siziyenera kuwonjezeredwa, ndibwino kuika humus m'mbuna nthawi imodzi ndi kulunjika kwa mbeu (onani pamwambapa).
Za zokolola zoyamba ndi chifukwa chosadandaula
Kukula mbatata kumbewu kumakhala kofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyi yakukula ndi anyezi.
Pankhani ya mbeu yomalizira, imapezeka ma septum, omwe amafunidwa kuti abzalidwe chaka chamawa. Chimodzimodzinso ndi mbatata: nyengo yoyamba imapereka timers tating'ono kwambiri, kukula kwake komwe kuli 50 gm (nthawi zina komanso mosamala, magalamu 100).
Pamene mukukula mbande mu malo obiriwira, nthawi zina mbewu zimakula kwambiri.
Kuchokera ku tizilombo tating'ono ting'ono, chaka chamawa mudzatha kupeza mbatata yeniyeni yabwino kwambiri. Ndi mbatata yamtundu umenewu yomwe imatchedwa choyamba chomwe mumagula pamsika pa ndalama zambiri.
Inde, kuti chaka chilichonse khalidwe la mbatata lidzakwera pang'onopang'ono. Ndiponsotu, pokambirana ndi malo akunja, ndi tizirombo zosiyanasiyana, kubzala zinthu zidzakhala zokolola zam'tsogolo.
Choncho, ngati chaka chachinayi cha kulima mbatata, mudzalandira mankhwala apamwamba, ndiye kuti pa 5-6 padzakhala mbatata wamba, opanda zizindikiro za zokolola. Pachifukwa ichi, wamaluwa omwe amachita njira yotere amalimbikitsa kuyambiranso kubzala "mbatata yobzala" kale chaka chachisanu.
Mwa njira, wamaluwa ambiri osokonezeka mwa njira iyi amapeza ndalama zambiri, samagwiritsa ntchito khama kwambiri pa izo.
Malamulo ndi zizindikiro za kusamalira mbatata zimakula kuchokera ku mbewu
Ngati mukukula mbatata mumunda wanu chaka chilichonse, ndiye kuti simukudandaula kuti simungagonjetse ntchitoyi. Chinthu chokha chomwe chiyenera kuganiziridwa pasadakhale ndi champhamvu. Kufooka ndi chiopsezo cha mbewu zakula mbatata mbande.
Kuti mupeze zinthu zabwino zobzala kubzala chaka chamawa, muyenera kuyesa kupereka zomera ndi chisamaliro chapamwamba.
Mbatata mbande ndi kuzizira: momwe mungatetezere yoyamba kuchokera ku yachiwiri?
Mbeu ikuwopa kwambiri kusinthasintha kwa kutentha, choncho ndibwino kuti mwamsanga kuphimba bedi ndi kukulunga mbatata. N'zotheka kusunga zomera kumalo osungirako kufikira atasintha kukula kwatsopano, kukhala nyengo yabwino komanso yotentha yomwe imakhazikitsidwa panja.
Kumbukirani kuti mbatata yosakaniza sizingathe kupereka zotsatira zabwino zokhudzana ndi zokolola, koma komanso mwayi wa zipatso zoterezi zimakhudzidwa ndi matenda osiyanasiyana, komanso zochitika zosiyanasiyana kusintha.
Kuthirira mbatata: kodi chomerachi chikusowa chinyezi?
Onetsetsani kuti musaiwale kuti mbatata ikhoza kukhala masiku awiri madzimakamaka ngati nyengo ili youma popanda mphepo.
Inde, m'chaka choyamba cha kukula, chomeracho sichinafanane ndi zochitika zakunja monga momwe zinaliri pa nthawi yobzala.
Makamaka ulimi wothirira umafunika ngati zomera zidabzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha, kumene chinyezi sichimatha kulowa m'nthaka.
Koma ngati inu nokha mukuwona kuti dothi lakula ndi lokwanira mokwanira, ndiye palibe ulimi wothirira, chifukwa madzi owonjezera sakhala okhumudwitsa mbatata ndi zokolola zake.
Komanso musaiwale namsongole ndi kumasula nthaka.
Makamaka kutsegula ndikofunika pambuyo pa ulimi wothirira, pamene kutumphuka kumatha kupanga nthaka.
Kuphika mbatata: nthawi ndi nthawi zingati?
Pamene kutalika kwa gawo la pamwamba pa mbatata ndi masentimita 10, kukwera koyamba kumatha, patapita pafupi masabata 2-3 chiwiri chidzafunika. Pambuyo pake, chomeracho chimasungunuka nthawi zonse, koma ake oonda phesi satha kulemera kwake. Ndi chithandizo cha hilling, timakhala ngati chithandizo chomera ndi nthaka.
