Aliyense wa ife analawa mphesa, ndipo anthu ena ankakonda kwambiri kwambiri moti anaganiza kuti akule.
Koma kukula mphesa ndi gawo limodzi la ntchito.
Mukatha kukolola, muyenera kuthirira tchire la mphesa, kumasula nthaka pansi pawo ndikugwiritsa ntchito feteleza.
Ndipo pofuna kuteteza mphesa ku matenda, mu kugwa akukonzekera mpesa wake ndi kukonzekera mankhwala.
Za izi lero ndikulankhulana.
Njira zothandizira
Mphesa m'nyengo yophukira zimatengedwa motere:
- Fufuzani mosamala bwino mphukirayi, pamene masamba akupezeka pamasamba, mphukira zachangu zimachotsedwa, ndipo chitsamba chokha chimapulitsidwa ndi Amistar, Mikal, Delan, Strobe, Novozir, Acrobat, Utan, Poliram, Ridomil, Sandofan. Mizorin ndi ena.
- Akakhala ndi mavitamini oidium amathiridwa mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amaphatikizapo zinthu zamkuwa. Amaluwa omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi amodzi, Sulfur Colloid, Amistar, Efal, Topaz, Rovral, Saprol, Privent, Azorizin Impact, Atemi.
- Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo kuchokera ku matenda monga mildew ndi oidium kumateteza chomera ku anthracnose ndi fomopsis.
- Pofuna kuchotsa udzu, masamba a masamba amathira masamba a mphesa ndi fodya yophika ndi chamomile, kapena ntchito Rovikurt. Kuchokera ku chalcosporosis, amawoneka mawanga ofiira pa masamba, sprayed baka Somazol kapena Polyh.
- Pofuna kuchotsa nkhupakupa pa mpesa, iwo amapanga ndalama, kuphatikizapo pasynkovaniem. Mwa kuchotsa pamwamba pa mphukira, yemwe ali ndi kachilombo, mukhoza kuchotsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi 90%.
- Masamba opotoka, masamba opweteka amakololedwa ndi kuwotchedwa. Kuti mumve mankhwalawa, zimalimbikitsa kupopera tchire ndi mankhwala osakaniza (Ridomil) kapena fungicide (Aktara).
- Amachotsa imvi zowonongeka pogwiritsa ntchito matabwa monga Switch, Scala, Rovral, Horus, Euparin.
- Nthambi zodzikongoletsera bwino komanso zabwino za mphesa zimathetsedwa ndi njira yothetsera mkuwa kapena sulphate, ndiyeno kukulunga.
Mitengo ya mphesa yoyambirira imayamba mwamsanga pamene mbeu ikololedwa, ndipo wina sayenera kudikira kumapeto kwa autumn, zomwe zimathandiza kupeĊµa kufala kwa matenda. Popopera chidacho ndi chofunikira, sprayer ayenera kukhala ndi bubu wabwino komanso mpope wolimba.
Kufotokozera mwachidule za kukonzekera kwa bakiteriya
Azorizin amatanthauza kukonzekera kwa bakiteriya komwe kumadalira zovuta. Imawonjezera zokolola, zimapangitsa kukhala ndi zipatso za zipatso. Amapulumutsa mphesa ku matenda monga oidium.
Flavobacterin amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupopera mbewu za mphesa zomwe zimadwala ndi powdery mildew, mizu yovunda.
Mizorin Zowonjezera zokololazo, zimapangitsa kuti mphesa zikhale bwino, zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zipsere kwa masabata awiri, zimapangitsa kukana chilala ndi chisanu. Icho chimachepetsa kukula kwa zowola muzu komanso pa zipatso zokha.
Mankhwala ena otchuka amatha kutchulidwa Gaupsin. Ndizo mankhwala osokoneza bongo, omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza mphesa ku matenda a fungal ndi tizirombo, kuphatikizapo oidium, mildew, gray gray, linder, tick, powdery wakuda malo, mphesa pruritus.
Mankhwala osokoneza bongo
Kukonzekera, kukonza mankhwala kungagawidwe m'magulu atatu:
- Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timagwiritsidwa ntchito poletsa tizirombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba, agulugufe, mbozi, ndi mbozi.
- Ndondomeko ya fungicide yotchedwa a mphesa ndi matenda opatsirana.
- Acaricides amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupha nkhupakupa.
Kuti mbali zabwino kupopera mbewu kumaphatikizapo:
- Mankhwala amatsatira masamba a mphesa ndikukhalabe kwa iwo kwa nthawi yaitali.
- Mankhwala ambiri amatsutsana ndi mphepo.
- Kukonzekera konse kwa mankhwala kumapangidwa ndi zinthu zakuthupi, mwachitsanzo, ndi zachirengedwe.
- Kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa madzi.
- Pewani kuchuluka kwa kuipitsa.
- Mankhwala ena amatha kukolola zokolola.
Matenda a fungicides ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala kwambiri, monga momwe mitundu yawo yambiri imatha kudutsa m'matumba a mphesa.
Ngakhale kuti mankhwalawa amateteza mphesa ku matenda, amalepheretsa chitetezo cha zomera. Koma, vuto lalikulu kwambiri pogwiritsira ntchito fungicides ndilo kumapeto kwa nthawi ya zochita zawo pali chiopsezo chodwala kwambiri. Komanso, amatha kudalira mphesa zinazake.
Kodi ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito?
Mphesa zoyambirira zimayamba kupopera mwamsanga mutatha kusonkhanitsa zipatso zonse, sichidikira kufika kumapeto kwa autumn, chifukwa nthawi imeneyo mphesa zimafooka chifukwa cha tizirombo ndi matenda komanso mwayi wake wovutikira umachepa.
Amathira nyengo yabwino, osati m'mawa kapena madzulo. Mvula ikagwa komanso nthawi ya maluwa, mphesa, ngati zomera zina, sizitsamba. Yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito pamwamba pa tsambalo pang'onopang'ono. Kuyenera kusamalidwa kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti madziwo sapita.
Musanayambe kupopera mphesa muyenera kukonzekera mankhwala. Kwenikweni imadzipukutidwa ndi madzi, mofanana ndi momwe zilili phukusi. Madzi ayenera kukhala ozizira, kutentha kwake sikuli madigiri 20. Madzi okonzedwa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, mwachitsanzo, spray madzu onse a mphesa kwa maola anayi.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti mankhwalawa amateteza mbali yokha ya zomera yomwe adabwera, ndiko kuti, panali kukhudzana mwachindunji. Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kutsuka pansi pa masamba a mpesa. Ndikofunika kukonza kawiri, kulimbikitsa zotsatira zoyenera.
Mphesa zimayamba kupopera mu September. Izi zimachitidwa kuti zisawonongeke kwa matenda pambuyo pa kutha kwa nthawi yaitali pakati pa mankhwala, ndi nyengo nthawi ino ikulowa. Mu Oktoba ndi November, miyeso yambiri imatengedwa kuti lipititse patsogolo zomera ndi kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Mu September, kuwonjezera pa kudyetsa mphesa ndi phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza, pamene zizindikiro zoyamba za matenda ndi oidium zimapezeka, tchire timachizidwa ndi Flint, Strobe. Mbewu yamphesa yotengedwa ndi potaziyamu permanganate kapena colloidal sulfure. Mu October, kuthetsa kudulira kumachitika, ndiye mpesa umadulidwa.
Mu October, mphesa zimalimbikitsidwa kuti azitulutsa soda ndi saline. Amatengedwa ndi mapesi, masamba ndi nthaka pafupi ndi mizu ya mphesa. Kutayira kumafunika 3-4 nthawi kumapeto kwa October.
