Boxwood (buxusus) - mtengo wobiriwira kapena chitsamba chochokera ku banja la boxwood. Dziko lakwawo ndi East Asia, West Indies ndi Mediterranean. Tchire lambiri pang'onopang'ono limadziwika kale kuti ndiopanga mawonekedwe. Ngakhale nthawi yozizira, amaphimbidwa ndi masamba obiriwira obiriwira. Mtengowo umalimbana ndi kumeta tsitsi, kuupanga kukhala mtsogoleri pazithunzi zamaluwa. Koma boxwood ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito osati m'mundamo, imakula bwino m'maluwa ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kupangira bonsai.
Kufotokozera kwamasamba
Boxwood ndi chitsamba kapena mtengo wophukira. M'malo abwino, imakula 2-12 m kutalika. Kukula pachaka kumakhala kochepa, kumakhala masentimita 5-6 okha. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakutidwa ndi khungu loyera la azitona. Akamakula, amakhala olimba komanso odera.
Malowa amapezeka pafupi. Masamba otsutsana, ofupikana ofunda kapena mawonekedwe ozungulira amakula mwa iwo. Ali ndi mbali zolimba komanso yosalala komanso yowala. Golosale ilipo pafupi ndi mtsempha wapakati. Mtundu wa masamba ndi wolimba, wobiriwira wakuda.
Kumayambiriro koyambirira, maluwa amawoneka pa boxwood. Amasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu ang'onoang'ono oopseza omwe amakhala m'mizere ya masamba pa mphukira zazing'ono. Nimbus zazing'ono zakugonana zimakopa chidwi chochepa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi masamba owala, koma zimanunkhira kwambiri.
Pambuyo pakuvunda, zipatso zimamangidwa - mabokosi ambewu atatu. Mbeu zakuda zooneka ngati mkaka zabisika mkati. Bokosi lokha, lakucha, likusweka.
Mukamagwira ntchito ndi boxwood, muyenera kusamala, popeza mmera ndi woopsa! Chochulukitsira chachikulu kwambiri cha zinthu zoyipa chili m'masamba. Mukatha kulumikizana nawo, sambani m'manja bwino. Amaletsanso mwayi wopezera mbewu za ana ndi nyama.
Mitundu ndi mitundu yotchuka
Pazonse, pali mitundu yoposa 100 ya mtundu wa boxwood. Komabe, owerengeka okha ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe.
Boxwood ndiwosakhazikika. Wokhala ku Caucasus ndi ku Mediterranean ndiwachilengedwe ndipo samalekerera chisanu. Ndi mtengo wokhala ndi nthambi zambiri mpaka 15 m kutalika. Nthambi za tetrahedral mwachindunji zimakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira. Pamaso pake pamasambalala, ndipo kumbuyo kumakhala kopepuka, matte komanso ngakhale kuwaza. Kutalika kwa tsamba lamasamba kumangokhala masentimita 1.5-3. Mu hemispherical inflorescence a kukula kochepa pali maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera oyera. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Elegance - chitsamba chowoneka bwino mpaka 1 m kutalika kuli ndi mphukira woonda, wophimbidwa ndi masamba owongoka, masamba osiyanasiyana okhala ndi masamba oyera;
- Suffruticosa ndi chitsamba chofewa chokhala ndi mphukira yokhotakhota mpaka 1 m kutalika, wokutidwa ndi ovoid, chigwa chomwe chimachoka masamba 2 cm.
Boxwood Colchis. Chomera chosowa kwambiri chotchulidwa mu Buku Lofiyira chimasinthanso. Imakutidwa ndi masamba ochepa kwambiri ndipo imagwirizira chisanu bwino. Kutalika kwambiri kwa nkhalangoyi ndi 15 15 m. Amatha kukhala ndi moyo zaka 600. Pofika m'badwo uno, makulidwe a mbiya amatha kufika 30 cm.
Bokosi la boxwood ndi laling'ono. Mitundu yolimbana ndi kuzizira yochokera ku Japan ndi China ndi shrub yabwino (mpaka 1.5m kutalika). Masamba achikopa a Shirokoovalny amakula kutalika ndi 5-25 mm. Chapakatikati, maluwa obiriwira okhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono oyera. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Faulkner - chitsamba chokhala ndi mphukira wandiweyani mpaka 1.5m kutalika ndilabwino kwa ziboliboli zobiriwira;
- Kupanikizana kwa nyengo yozizira - zitsamba zimamera bwino m'malo otetezeka, ozizira. Nthambi zake zomwe zimakula mwachangu zidakutidwa ndi masamba abwino.
Njira zolerera
Boxwood imafalitsidwa ndi njere, kudula ndi kuyala. Kubzala mbewu kumalephereka chifukwa kubzala zinthu mwachangu kumataya kumera kwake. Komanso, sigwiritsidwa ntchito pakukula mitundu yokongoletsera. Komabe, ndizotheka kukula kwa boxwood kuchokera ku mbewu. Kuti muchite izi, mu Okutobala-Novembala masana mbewu zimathandizidwa ndi chowonjezera mahomoni (Epin, Zircon). Kenako zimayikidwa mu chinyezi chonyowa, pomwe mbewu zimamera. Ngati zikumera sizinachitike patatha masiku 15-20, kuyambiranso kuzizira kumachitika mufiriji, kenako amayesanso.
Zomera zobzalidwa zimayikidwa ndi 5-10 mm mumchenga ndi dothi la peat. Mphika umakutidwa ndi kanema ndikusungidwa pamtunda wofunda pang'ono pang'ono. Pambuyo pa masabata 2-3, mbande zimakula mokwanira ndipo pogona zimatha kuchotsedwa. Amamwetsedwa nthawi zonse ndikudyetsedwa kangapo ndi yofooka yankho la mchere wa mchere. Kulima m'nyumba kumapitilira mpaka Meyi, pomwe matalala apita ndipo nthaka ikuwotha.
Chodziwika kwambiri ndi njira yodula. Kuti muchite izi, mu nthawi ya masika, nsonga zopanda nthambi zotalika masentimita 10-15 zimadulidwa. M'munsi, kutalika kwa 3-5 masentimita, masamba onse ndi petioles amachotsedwa. Gawo la maola 24 limamizidwa ku Kornevin, kenako ndikudula zobzalidwa zobzalidwa, dothi labwino ndikuphatikizira kompositi ndi humus. Mutha kugwiritsa ntchito mabokosi akuluakulu kapena malo pansipo. Zidula zimayikidwa masamba otsika kwambiri. Amakutidwa ndi mitsuko yamafuta kapena magalasi. Ndikofunikira mpweya wabwino ndi kupopera mbewu mbewu tsiku ndi tsiku. Amamera m'miyezi isanu ndi iwiri, pambuyo pake patamera masamba. M'nyengo yozizira yoyamba, mitundu yosagwira chisanu iyenera kuphimbidwa bwino. Kudula kumatha kuchitika kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena yophukira. Komabe, mbande zotere zimagawidwa mumiphika ndi nthaka yonyansa ndikubweretsa m'chipinda cha dzinja. Kutentha kwakukulu kuyenera kukhala + 10 ... + 12 ° C.
Kuberekanso mwagawa kumapereka zotsatira zabwino. Kuti muchite izi, pakati pa kasupe, mmodzi mwa mphukira m'munsi amagwada pansi ndikukhazikika. Pamwamba imakwezedwa ndikukulumikizidwa ndi chithandizo. M'nyengo yotentha, ndikofunikira kuthirira ndi kuthilira osati tchire lokha, komanso zigawo. Mizu ikakula, mutha kupatulira mmera ndikusunthira kumalo okhazikika.
Kusankha kwampando ndi kunyamula
Kuti boxwood ikulire bwino komanso kulekerera nthawi yozizira, ndibwino kuti ibzalidwe mwayokha. Dzuwa lowala, makamaka chisanu, masamba amawuma msanga. Dothi liyenera kukhala dongo, lopanda chonde kwambiri komanso lotayirira. Nthaka zoyenera zosagwirizana ndi ndale kapena pang'ono zamchere.
Kubzala bwino kumachitika mu kugwa (Seputembara-pakati pa Okutobala). Kenako, kuzizira kusanachitike, amasintha bwino. Pamaso kubzala, mbewu ziyenera kuthiriridwa bwino. Mapazi okhala ndi nthangala zotseguka amamizidwa m'madzi kwa tsiku limodzi. Dzenje lozama limapangidwa mozama kuposa kukula kwa mpweya. Denga losalala la perlite limatsanulidwa pansi pake. Dothi lomwe limachotsedwa dzenje limasakanikirana nawo.
Mizu yolowedwa imayesa kugawana pogawana ndikudzaza ma voids onse ndi dziko lapansi. Kuzama kwakamatera kwatsala chimodzimodzi. Kenako dothi limapendekeka ndikuthiriridwa bwino. Pafupi ndi tsinde lozungulira, recess imapangidwa kuti ipeze madzi.
Kuti mupeze hema wolimba, mbande zimayikidwa muming'alu ndi mtunda wa 20-25 cm. Pakubzala ndi carpet cholimba, ikani maenje osiyana siyana mu cheke patali pamtunda wa masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mukabzala, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala pafupipafupi.
Kusamalira Kunja
Ngati malo a boxwood asankhidwa molondola, kuwasamalira sikungakhale kolemetsa. Zomera zimatha kupirira nyengo yotentha ndikulolera chisanu bwino mpaka -20 ° C. Ndikofunika kuti muthe kuteteza kumatenda ochita kukoka ndi mphepo.
Kuthirira tchire kapena mitengo ndikofunikira pokhapokha ngati mvula sipita nthawi yayitali. Zomera zimadziwika ndi kulolera bwino chilala. Mwakuti nthaka yosatengedwa ndi kutumphuka, imamasulidwa nthawi zonse. Muyeneranso kuchotsa namsongole. Kutali kwakutali ndi thunthu ndi nthambi, nthaka imakutidwa ndi peat. Nthawi ndi nthawi, kuthirira kumasinthidwa ndikumwaza kuti muchotse fumbi kuchokera masamba.
Boxwood imafunika kuvala kwapamwamba pafupipafupi. Makamaka mbewu zomwe nthawi zambiri amazidulira. Gwiritsani ntchito ma mineral complexes on evergreens. Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe, zokonda zimaperekedwa ku nyimbo zomwe zimakhala ndi nitrogen, potaziyamu ndi phosphorous kwambiri. Mu Seputembala-Okutoba, mchere wa potaziyamu ndi superphosphate amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Njira yothetsera vutoli iyenera kukhala yofooka kuti isatenthe mizu ndi thunthu.
Gawo lofunika kwambiri la chisamaliro ndikudula. Zimayamba mu Epulo, kuchotsa mphukira zosweka kapena zokuzira. M'chaka chonse, boxwood imakonzedwa ndikuumba, ndikupatsa mitundu yosayerekezereka (mawonekedwe a geometric kapena ma bend ovuta kwambiri). Izi ziyenera kuchitika pamwezi. Mukadulira, njira zamtunduwu zimayamba kukula kwambiri, ndipo matcheni ake amakula kwambiri. Olima ena amalima nkhuni ngati mtengo, kusiya mtengo umodzi ndi kupanga korona wozungulira. Kukula kwamtundu wachichepere kumadulidwa. Nthawi ndi nthawi, tchire limachepetsedwa, kudula nthambi zingapo zakale.
Kukhazikika nyengo yachisanu yotentha nthawi yayitali sichinthu chovuta. Kutentha kochepa kuphatikizira ndi kuwala kowala kumapangitsa masamba kuti aume ndi kugwa. Monga chitetezo gwiritsani ntchito gululi kapena lutrasil. Mu Novembala, isanayambike chisanu, tchire limathiriridwa madzi ambiri. Dothi pafupi ndi thunthu limalungika ndi peat ndikuphimbidwa ndi singano. Zidutswa zomwe sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito sizimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti fungus isamere. Tchuthi zazitali zimamangidwa ndikukupikika. Chifukwa chake chipale chofewa sichimaphwanya nthambi. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, malo ogona onse amachotsedwa, ndipo chipale chofewa chimabalalika kuti boxwood isasokoneke.
Ngati mukukula tchire m'machubu ndikukhala kunyumba, chisamaliro sichosiyana kwambiri. Kwa nyengo yotentha, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti tichotse miphika. Amayikidwanso mumthunzi. M'nyengo yozizira, amabweretsedwa m'chipinda chowala ndi kutentha kwa + 16 ... + 18 ° C. Kutsirira kumachitika pafupipafupi, nthaka iyenera kuuma ndi masentimita 3-4.Mwezi wa Marichi-Ogasiti, boxwood imadyetsedwa ndi ma mineral complexes kawiri pamwezi. Komanso, mbewu zimafunikira chinyezi chambiri, choncho nthawi zina zimafafaniza.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo
Boxwood imasiyanitsidwa ndi chitetezo chokwanira. Nthawi zina, mphukira necrosis imatha kukhala pamenepo, yomwe imawoneka mwa kuyanika nsonga za tsinde ndi masamba. Monga chithandizo, madera omwe awonongekawo amadulidwapo ndipo mothandizidwa ndi mankhwalawa. Zizindikiro za khansa nthawi zina zimawonekera. Kuthana nazo ndizovuta. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa ziwalo zomwe zili ndi kachilombo ka matanda athanzi, kenako ndikuchotsa magawo anu ndi Fundazol.
Kuchokera pa majeremusi, boxwood yonyansa kwambiri, yokhotakhota imakhala yokhayokha. Amayikira mazira pamasamba ndipo mphutsi zimatuluka, ndikudya masamba obiriwira owoneka bwino. Izi zimachepetsa kukongola kwa mbewu ndikuwatsogolera ku matenda. Ndikofunika osadikirira kuti matenda onse ndi otani ndikuwachiza ndi kachilombo (Karbofos, Aktara). Pakatha masiku 7- 7, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachitika mobwerezabwereza, ngakhale ngati tiziromboti sitionekanso. Mankhwalawa amathandizanso kuthana ndi mava, nsabwe za m'masamba ndi akangaude.
