Masiku ano, ife tikukumana ndi mfundo yakuti zokolola m'misika ndi m'masitolo sizikukwaniritsa zomwe timawapatsa: khalidwe, kulawa, kukhuta ndi zakudya ndi mavitamini. Chifukwa cha ndondomekoyi ya ogulitsa chakudya chamakampani, ambiri omwe ali ndi nyumba za chilimwe kapena nyumba zazing'ono m'madera akumidzi amaganiza za kukonza munda wawo wokha kuti adye chakudya. Komanso, nkhaniyi idzapindulitsa kwa alimi oyimilira kupanga bizinesi m'dera lino. Tidzakambirana za mtundu wa nkhono zakuda, zosiyana siyana, zokolola, mazira, mazira oyenera kuti azikonzekera, komanso, kuyesa kuchuluka kwa ubwino ndi kudziwitsitsa kuti apeze ngati nkhukuyi ili ndi ndalama zambiri. Ndipo tsopano pafupi chirichonse mu dongosolo.
Pa chiyambi cha mtunduwu
Dziko lakwawo la mtundu wakuda wa nkhuku zakuda amaonedwa Dera la Volga. Icho chinali apo, pakati pa malo ochulukirapo a dera lino m'mphepete mwa Volga, kuti nkhuku yotere ndi yosangalatsa kwambiri ya nkhuku iwonekere. Pantsirevskaya nkhuku ili ndi makhalidwe abwino pakati pa mitundu yonse ya nkhukuzi. Zizindikiro zake za kupanga mazira ndi chitsimikizo cha nyama zidzachitidwa nsanje ndi oimira onse a nyama izi. Zotsatira zoterezi zinafikira kwa nthawi yaitali, ndipo mbiri ya nkhuku yakuda ya Pantsirevskaya imachokera kutali kwambiri mu 1947.
Mukudziwa? Kwa zaka 15, Volga abereketsa nkhuku yokongola, kuphatikiza pang'onopang'ono mamembala osiyanasiyana a nkhuku, kuphatikizapo zabwino zawo. Choncho, pakati pa nkhuku zakuda za Pantsirevskaya nkhuku ndi oimira mitundu iyi: nyamayi, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Black Australorp, White Plymouth, ndi ena ambiri. Zotsatira za ntchito yopweteka komanso yochuluka chotere pamaso.
Masiku ano, mtundu wa Pantsirevskaya umapezeka m'madera ambiri a dera la Volga, koma Russia yense, Belarus ndi Ukraine. Analandira zizindikiro zapamwamba pazinthu zambiri zapamwamba, komanso amagwira ntchito m'madera a dziko ndi zaulimi, zomwe zimabweretsa mazira ambiri komanso zakudya zamtundu wa nyama, zomwe sizingafanane ndi mitundu ina. 
Kufotokozera ndi Zochitika
Gwirizanitsani, aristocrat iyi ikhoza kuzindikiridwa mosavuta ndi zochitika zake zakunja ndi kudzikuza. Ndicho chifukwa chake zidzakhala zosavuta kuzindikira carapace ya nkhuku zakuda.
Maonekedwe ndi thupi
Pantsirevskaya mtundu wa nkhuku zakuda n'zosavuta kusiyanitsa ndi ena ndi mtundu wakuda wa mafinya awo. Mwa maonekedwe, amawoneka bwino komanso ovala bwino. Msolo wake, paws ndi mutu unakhala wofanana kwambiri, ndipo mchira wake wautali umaphimbidwa ndi silky, nthenga za buluu ndi zakuda zakuda zikuwala dzuwa. Monga lamulo, mlomo wake ndi wakuda, ndipo maso ake si osiyana kwambiri ndi ena oimira nkhuku. Iwo ali ndi mtundu wopanda utoto wamtundu wa azitona, wozungulira mozungulira ndi ana ang'onoang'ono a mdima.
Onaninso za mtundu wa nkhuku, mtanda wakuda ndi mtanda wa Moravia wakuda.
Nkhuku za Pantsirevskie zimasiyana mosiyana kwambiri ndi chigaza, zomwe zimapanga chiwombankhanga chachikulu, makamaka chofiira. Mapiko awo ndi aatali komanso amphamvu, omwe amachititsa kuti aziwuluka pamtunda wautali kapena awone zovuta, monga mpanda kapena mpanda. 
Ngati tilankhula za zinyama, zimawoneka ngati zenizeni zenizeni. Mutu wawo waukulu umakhala wovekedwa ndi nsalu zofiira kwambiri zofiira. Kuwonjezera pa mtundu wachifumu, umatenganso kuchokera ku mano anayi kapena asanu olingana. Mtundu wawo ndi wakuda wakuda, umene nthawi zina umakonzedwa ndi nthenga zabwino zokongola za mtundu wa bluu.
Mchira wa mbedza ya Pantsirevskaya iyeneranso kusamalidwa mwapadera: Nthenga yamtundu wautali, wamtengo wapatali, wamtengo wapatali wokhala ndi maonekedwe okhwima, ukutambasula kwambiri mumphepo, ngati zovala zachifumu. Tambala wotere ndi yokongoletsadi pabwalo la mbalameyi.
Mbalame zodya nyama ndi dzira zimaphatikizapo nkhuku Maran, Amrox, Velzumer, Pushkin, Kuban Red, Russian Crested, Redbro, Brown Brown, Master Gray, Hubbard, Highsex, Foxy Chick.
Nyengo
Mbalameyi ndi yabwino komanso yodekha. Amatha kusintha mwamsanga zinthu zatsopano popanda kukhala ndi nkhawa. Nkhuku za Pantsirevskie zimagonjetsedwa kwambiri ndi kutentha kwakukulu komanso kusintha kwa nyengo. Amatha kumverera bwino kwambiri ngakhale pa chisanu chozizira (mpaka -5-7 ° С), ndi kutentha kwambiri (mpaka 40 ° С padzuwa). Zitha kunenedwa kuti nkhukuzi zimakhala ngati anthu achikulire akudalira: modzichepetsa, modzichepetsa komanso mopanda malire. Mtsogoleri wotero wa ufumu wa nkhuku adzakhala wosankha bwino kwa alimi kapena wamaluwa.
Zizindikiro Zogwira Ntchito
Koma osati zokongola zokhazokha komanso kufanana kwa thupi ndizochita chidwi ndi nkhukuzi. Kukwanitsa kulemera kwa msanga komanso kuchuluka kwa dzira kumatulutsa nkhuku za Pantirevsky kuti zikhale ndi utsogoleri wapamwamba pakati pa mitundu ina ya mbalame zoweta.
Nkhuku yowononga yamoyo ndi tambala
Ngakhale kuti nkhuku za mtundu uwu ndi za magulu akuluakulu, nthawi zina oimira awo akhoza kudabwa ndi eni omwe ali ndi chikhalidwe choposa. Choncho, kulemera kwa nkhuku yakuda ya Pantsirevsky ndi 2.2-2.5 makilogalamu. Nthawi zina mkazi amatha kupitirira mlingo umenewu ndi kilogalamu yonse. Pa nthawi yomweyi, miyendo, yomwe kulemera kwake sikupitirira 3.0-3.3 makilogalamu, zingadabwe zodabwitsa ndikusangalatsa eni ake, atafika pamtunda wa 4 kilogalamu ya kulemera kwake. Ziphuphu zoterozo zimachitika ndifupipafupi pa 1/20.
Phunzirani kupha nkhuku pakhomo, komanso zomwe zingathandize komanso momwe nkhuku zimagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Kutulutsa mazira ndi dzira
Sikuti nyama zokha zimakopa alimi ndi obereketsa. Ziŵerengero zawo za mazira zimatha kufanana ndi zokolola za nkhuku zowonjezera, komanso ndi mitundu yambiri ya zinziri. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa dzira kwa masiku 365 m'chaka choyamba cha moyo wa nkhuku ndi nkhuku Mazira 220. Pa nthawi yomweyo, nkhuku imatha kunyamula mazira 300 pachaka. 
Zofunika zofunika pa zomwe zili
Inde, ziyenera kumveka kuti kukwaniritsa kukula kwa dzira ndi dzira, ndikofunikira kupereka nkhuku ndizofunikira zonse kuti zikhale ndi moyo wabwino. Iwo, monga akunena, sakusowa chilichonse, ndipo chifukwa chake zotsatilazi zidzakhala zothandiza komanso zothandiza kwa iwo amene amasankha kubereka nkhukuyi.
Zofuna zapanyumba
Poona kuti nkhuku za Pantsirevskie ndizovomerezeka pakati pa mitundu ina, zikhalidwe zawo za ndende ziyenera kukhala mafumu. Koma, ndiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti nkhuku za nkhuku ndi mazira, zomwe zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino ndikufotokozedwa m'nkhaniyi, ziri zochepa kwambiri komanso zosafunika kusiyana ndi nyama yosiyana ndi dzira lokha.
Phunzirani zambiri zokhudza kusintha kwa nkhuku kwa nkhuku: momwe mungasankhire nkhuku yokonzekera, kumanga ndi kudzikonzekera nokha (kupanga zinyama, zisa, odyetsa ndi omwa).
Ngakhale kuti mumakonda ufulu, mbalamezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panyumba pawo ndi mwiniwake, choncho simungachite mantha kuti adzakhamukira m'munda wanu, kuthawa kutali ndi nkhuku. Mipingo yayikulu kuti imangire nyumba yawo siyenso. Olemekezekawa sali ozolowereka ndi mawonetseredwe mwadzidzidzi okwera mapiri kapena malingaliro a ndege okha. Nkhuku yotereyi ikhoza kuyenda mofulumira mamita makumi asanu ndi awiri pafupi ndi khola la nkhuku ndikubwerera kunyumba itatha. 
Nkhuku yokha iyenera kukhala yayikulu mokwanira kuti nkhuku zisakhale ndi malo (kumbukirani chikondi chawo cha ufulu). Kukula kwakukulu - kwa mbalame iliyonse 5-7 1 mita imodzi. Ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbalame ya 50, nkhuku yanu ya nkhuku iyenera kukhala pafupifupi 10 mita mamita.
Ndi bwino kupanga malo osanjikiza kuti asakhudze nthaka mwachindunji, koma amachotsedwa. Pakati pa pansi ndi pansi ndi bwino kuika zigawo za hydro ndi kutentha kwa kutentha. Ndizabwino ngati pansi komanso nyumbayo imamangidwa kuchokera ku zinthu zakuthambo: dongo, nkhuni, thanthwe la shell. Komanso m'nyengo yozizira, nthaka ikhoza kukonzedwa ndi udzu wodzitetezera bwino.
Kutentha kwakukulu mu nyumba ya nkhuku kumasiyanasiyana kuchokera ku + 7 ° C m'nyengo yozizira mpaka 20 ° C m'chilimwe. Pa nkhuku zakuda, nkhuku yotere imatha kuchepetsa kutentha kwa nkhuku nkhuku mpaka 0 ° C, ndipo nthawi yomweyo imakhala yabwino.
Ndikofunikira! Musalole kusintha kwadzidzidzi kutentha, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira. Pitirizani kukhala ndi kutentha nthawi zonse kuti muteteze nkhuku zathanzi. Ngati izi sizingaganizidwe, nkhuku zanu zimatha kuzizira komanso kufa.
Zinyama ziyeneranso kukhala ndi udzu kuti mbalame zimve bwino, zotentha komanso zofewa. 
Kuonjezerapo, nkofunika kubwezeretsa udzu m'nyumba yonse ya nkhuku kamodzi pa masiku angapo ndi kukonza zonyansa za nyama. Olemekezeka amafunika kukhala oyera ndi oyenera.
Kupititsa patsogolo miyoyo ya zinyama ndikukonzekera kusungirako malo ogwiritsiridwa ntchito poyikititsa - utuchi wamatenda omwe amathandizira kuwonongeka kwa zinyalala.
Yard yakuyenda
Nkhuku ya nkhuku iyenera kukhala yayikulu kwambiri ndi mpanda wozungulira. Mbalame ziyenera kumasuka kuzungulira. Muyeneranso kukonzekera malo omwe nyama zikhoza kubisala dzuwa lotentha (chilimbikitso), komanso kuchokera ku mphepo yamkuntho m'nyengo yozizira (malo osungika, otetezedwa ku mbali zitatu). M'pofunikanso kupereka malo osungira mvula ndi matalala kuti ziweto zanu zisakhudzidwe nthawi yachisanu ndi nyengo.
Pantsirevskaya nkhuku sizitsutsana, choncho zimatha kukhala pamodzi ndi anthu ena okhala pabwalo la nkhuku. Musadandaule za maonekedwe a nkhanza kuchokera ku ziweto zina kupita ku Pantsirevskimi aristocrats. Otsatirawo adzawonetsa mwaulemu kuti aliyense ali ndi udindo pano, ndipo zitatha izi kuvomerezedwa ndi anthu ena panyumba, chirichonse chidzakhala bata. 
Chimene chiyenera kusamala m'nyengo yozizira
M'nyengo yozizira, nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti chipinda chomwe nkhuku zimasungiramo ndi chofunda komanso chouma. Kukhazikika m'malo mwa udzu, khomo lotsekemera m'nyumba ya nkhuku, pamwamba pamtambo ndi kutentha ndi kutsekeka kwa madzi zidzakhala othandizira kwambiri pakukhazikitsidwa kwa chinthu ichi posamalira nkhuku yakuda. Zosankha zina zouma zogona zikhoza kukhala zoumba, masamba owuma kapena udzu wokolola m'chilimwe.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi yozizira, nkofunikanso kuganizira zofunikira za nyama kuti ziwone kuwala, chifukwa kuwala kwa masana, makamaka kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi, sikukwanira kuti ukhalepo. Choncho, konzekerani nkhuku nkhuku ndi kuwala kofewa komwe kumatulutsa kuwala kochepa (kamodzi kowonjezera 13-watt LED kuwala kokha kudzakwanira chipinda cha masentimita 10 mamita). Maola oyambirira a masana amatha maola 10 mpaka 14.
Kudyetsa chakudya
Nkhuku zikuluzikulu ndi zikuluzikulu ziyenera kudyetsedwa ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi, zomwe zimaganizira zofunikira za mbalamezi kuti zikhale ndi mavitamini ndi mineral. Chakudya choterechi chidzachepetsera kuopsa kwa kulandira phindu lililonse pakudya nkhuku, zomwe zidzapangitse kukhala ndi thanzi labwino.
Achinyamata
Kwa nyama zinyama, munthu ayenera kusankha zakudya zomwe zimapangidwa ndi biocomponents zomwe zimapindulitsa pa kukula ndi kulimbitsa minofu ndi mafupa. Adzafunikiranso zina zowonjezera kashiamu kuti mafupa akhale amphamvu ndipo athe kupirira kulemera kwake ndi kufunika kochita kawirikawiri. Chifukwa sizodabwitsa kulowa zakudya za nkhuku tchizi ndi kanyumba tchizi. 
Kuwonjezera pamenepo, mukhoza kugwirizanitsa ndi zakudya zawo zosiyanasiyana mavitamini omwe amawonjezera kwa akumwa nkhuku.
Mukudziwa? Pantsirevskaya nkhuku yakuda imakhala ndi chiwerengero cha nkhuku: pakati pa nkhuku zazing'ono, chiwerengerochi ndi 97%, ndipo anthu ena akuluakulu amachepetsa pang'ono mpaka 95%. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti mtundu uwu sungathe kudwala matenda ndi matenda, choncho ziweto zawo zidzakhala zamphamvu komanso zathanzi.
Nkhuku zazikulu
N'zotheka kusunga mitengo ya nkhuku pogwiritsa ntchito njira yodyetsera yisiti. Amachita motere: amatenga yisiti pamtundu wa 30 g pa 1 makilogalamu ufa ufa. Yisiti iyenera kukhala yatsopano ndi kuchepetsedwa ndi 1.5 malita a madzi otentha. Zosakaniza mwakhama anazengereza ndi kusiya maola 6 mpaka 9 pamalo otentha. Chirichonse Pambuyo panthawiyi, zowonjezera zili zokonzeka, ndipo zingathe kusakanizidwa mu chakudya chachikulu.
M'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe, nkhuku zimadyetsedwa 3-4 pa tsiku, kukhala ndi nthawi yofanana. Zoona, pali ulamuliro wa chakudya choyamba ndi chomaliza: Choyamba chiyenera kuchitidwa mwamsanga, ndipo chomaliza - mochedwa. 
Patsiku, nkhuku zimadya zakudya zosiyana (zimayenera kuphikidwa kuti zikhale zowonongeka, koma sizimatayika konse), ndipo mbewu zonse zimalandira usiku - chakudya choyenera chidzakhudza kuchuluka kwa mazira komanso mazira abwino.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge za kukonzekera kwa chakudya chokhazikitsa nkhuku, mlingo wa chakudya cha tsiku ndi mavitamini pa zigawo.
Zabwino ndi zamwano
Pofuna kudziwa ngati kuli koyenera kukhazikitsa ndi kubzala mbeu ya black carapace, tiyeni tikambirane mndandandawu ubwino mtundu uwu:
- kupanga mazira ndi kulemera;
- kukhala wodekha, chifukwa mbalame zimagwirizana bwino ndi anthu ena okhala pabwalo la mbalame;
- kudzipatulira kwa munthu ndi nyumba yake;
- ngakhale chikondi cha ufulu, mbalame yoteroyo sichitha kutali ndi kwawo;
- palibe chilakolako choukira munda;
- palibe zida zowononga anthu;
- nzeru ndi chizoloŵezi chofulumira kwa malo okhala;
- mikhalidwe yosadziletsa ya kundende;
- kusintha mwamsanga ku zakudya, kuyenda ndi kugona;
- kuchiza;
- Kubeleka ndi kuswana mosavuta, chifukwa chiwerengero cha nkhuku ndi 97%, ndipo ngati kuswana kunkachitika pansi pa nkhuku, osati mu chofungatira, chiwerengerochi chikufikira 99%;
- anapiye amakhala okhulupirika kwambiri ndipo sangathe kung'amba mazira okha, komanso alendo.
Mwa zofooka N'zotheka kuzindikira mapiko okha omwe amapangidwa kwambiri omwe amathandiza mbalame kugonjetsa mosavuta ngakhale mipanda ya mamita atatu. Koma kudandaula kuti nkhuku idzapita kutali sizothandiza, chifukwa zimaperekedwa kwa mwini wake komanso bwalo la nkhuku.
Video: wakuda Pantsirevskaya mtundu, Golden Autumn mawonetsero
Pakati pa zinyama zotetezedwa ndi anthu ndi mitundu yambiri ya mitundu ndi subspecies. Pogwiritsa ntchito nthawi ndi kusintha kwa sayansi ndi zachipatala, zinakhala zotheka kusankha mitundu yatsopano yomwe imakhala yosiyana kwambiri ndi ena. Imodzi mwa zopambana zazikulu zomwe zimachitika pobeletsa ndi ma genetic ndi nkhuku ya mtundu wa Pantsirevsky, chiwerengero cha ubwino wake chomwe ndi chovuta kwambiri kuti ndi kovuta kuziwunika. Ngati mukufuna kukonza bizinesi yatsopano yokhudzana ndi nkhuku zobereketsa, ndiye mtundu wabwino kwambiri womwe simungaupeze. Kudzichepetsa kwawo, zizindikiro za dzira komanso kupanga msanga kwa nyama zimapangitsa kuti nsombazi zizidya bwino pakati pa anthu ena a nkhuku.
