Matumbu a chipale chofewa (nkhandwe) - chitsamba cha banja Honeysuckle. Kufalikira Mumpoto Kwambiri. Amereka. Zomera sizigwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chakudya, chifukwa Ndiw poizoni ndipo imatha kuyambitsa mavuto. Koma chifukwa cha kukongoletsa kwake nthawi zambiri kumagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe.
Mawonekedwe ndi kufotokozera
Kufikira 20-3000 cm. Masamba onse amabzalidwa pa petioles okhwima, omwe ali moyang'anizana. Nthambi zokhota. M'nyengo yozizira siziwononga.
Masamba amapanga mtundu wa inflemose inflorescence womwe umapezeka m'masamba. Mbale zamitundu mitundu. Maluwa amatha kuonedwa m'zaka khumi zanyengo yachilimwe.
Mtengo wama inflorescence utafota, zipatso zokhala ndi lilac zakuda zimawonekera. Pazitali za masentimita awiri, khalani ndi thupi losakhwima la ngale. Sizoletsedwa kuzidya, zimayambitsa matenda a dyspeptic.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya snowman
Mitundu imakhala ndi mitundu 15. Komabe, ena a iwo ndi omwe amapangidwa:
| Onani | Kufotokozera | Zipatso | Kutalika (m) Zosiyanasiyana |
| Zoyera (carpal, chipale) | Mitundu yoyamba yomwe idaphatikizidwa pamtundu. Imakulira m'nkhalango, m'malo otsetsereka a mapiri, m'mphepete mwa mitsinje. Nthambi zake ndi zopyapyala, zomata, zopanga korona wozungulira. Masamba ndi ozungulira, malachite ochokera kunja, ndi amaso kuchokera mkati. Maluwa ndi ochepa, opinki. Kukula limodzi ndi tsinde lonse. Pewani kutentha kwambiri. Yakhala ikulimidwa kuyambira 1879. | Pakani nthawi yomweyo ndi masamba. Mutha kuyang'ana nthawi yonse yozizira mpaka mbalame zija. | 1,5. Wotchuka kwambiri ndi wanzeru pang'ono. |
| Pinki (wamba) | Itha kupezeka m'matanthwe ndi m'madzi osefukira. Emarodi wobiriwira, imvi pamunsi. Mukugwa kumakhala mtundu wofiirira. Kukana kuzizira koipa kumakhala koyipa kwambiri, koma kumalekerera nyengo yathu ino. | Wofiyira, wokhala ndi fumbi. Anabalilidwa pach thengo chonse. | 2-3.
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| Azungu | Amakhala pafupi ndi matupi amadzi, mapiri. Madyera ndi kuwala malachite, pubescent kuchokera pansi. | Kapezi kapena yoyera, yoyera pafupi ndi oyandikana nawo. | 1,5. |
| Wofuna kutchuka | Amamera kumadzulo kwa North. Amereka. Mapepala opanda masamba ndi fleecy. Maluwa ndi amodzi kapena opaka utoto, opinki kapena oyera-ngati chipale, ngati mabelu. | Yeretsani timiyala tokhala ndi masamba awiri. | |
| Zofewa | Ndi mphukira zokwawa. Ziphuphu zowala: kukoka kapena kukoka. | Chachikulu, ngale. | |
| Achichepere | Kwawo - Mexico, New Mexico, Guatemala. Zimayambira ndi mulu wakuda. Amadyera ndimdima wakuda, wopepuka. Zimachitika ndi mulu wopanda. | Zoyera ndi kuwala kwa rasipiberi. | 3. |
| Chenot | Mawonekedwe a haibridi. Simalola chisanu. Kudyera kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa kasupe ndipo sikugwa mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. | Kuyambira matalala mpaka utoto. | 1,5. Chomwe chikufunidwa kwambiri ndi Hancock. |
| Dorenboza | Zophatikiza, dzina lake pambuyo pa woweta yemwe adawaberekera, Dorenboza. Uku ndi mtanda pakati pa mzungu komanso munthu wamba. Maluwa amabzalidwa pachitsamba chonse. | Nyimbo zosiyanasiyana. | Kufikira 1.5.
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Kukula kwa chipale chofewa pamalo otseguka
Mtengowu umakula padzuwa kapena pamtunda wochepa pang'ono, pamalo otsetsereka kapena potsetsereka. Gawo laling'ono likhoza kukhala lonyowa kapena louma.
Kutsatsa kumachitika mu Meyi kapena Seputembala-Okutobala. Pakudula masika, dzikolo limakonzedwa pafupi ndi dzinja, mpaka matalala agwa. Mukudzuwa - pafupifupi masiku 30 asanayike dothi losakaniza m'mundamo.
Zoyeserera ndi Gawo:
- Kukumba chiwembu, ndikupanga miyala ya miyala ya laimu 1 chikho, phulusa kuchokera ku nkhuni zopsereza 3 tbsp., Superphosphate 2 tbsp. Mlingo wawonetsedwa pachitsamba chimodzi.
- Mphindi 30 musanabzale, ikani pansi panthaka posakaniza madzi, dongo ndi mullein kotero kuti imadzaza ndi chinyezi.
- Kumbani mabowo akuya kwakuya kwa 0,4 m, kutalika kwa 0,5-0.6 m, kusiya kusiyana kwa 1.2-1.5 m.
- Pansi kuthira mchenga, peat, humus, kompositi ndi zina zina zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kukumba.
- Pakatikati, ikani mbande kuti mutatha kuzungulira gawo lapansi, khosi la mizu pamwamba pa nthaka.
- Pendekera pansi kuti pasapezeke kanthu. Adzatsogolera pakuuma mizu.
- Madzi ochulukirapo.
Mukabzala hedge, ikani mizere yakuya masentimita 60, kutalika kwa 40 cm. Tchire liyenera kukhala ndi zaka zinayi, liyenera kuyikidwa pa mzere umodzi wolumikizidwa (mwachitsanzo, ndi chingwe cholungika) pamtunda wa 20-25 cm.
Kusamalira munthu wachisamba m'munda
Kubzala ndi kusamalira zitsamba ndizosavuta. Chofunikira kwambiri ndikutsatira malangizowa:
| Choyimira | Kufotokozera |
| Kuthirira | Masiku oyamba tsiku lililonse. Kenako mvula yachilengedwe yokwanira. M'nyengo youma, madziwo amathira malita a madzi a 10-15 pachilichonse. Kuti mukhale chinyezi motalika, mulch tchire ndi peat. |
| Kumasuka | Patulani pakatha kupendekera ndi chinyezi chilichonse. Mukukoka namsongole. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Chapakatikati, gwiritsani feteleza kapena michere ya organic. Pakati pa chilimwe, kutsanulira yankho la Agricola (supuni ziwiri zokhala ndi sipuni ya 10 l yamadzi). |
| Sankhani | Pangani pokhapokha pangozi. Mwachitsanzo, ndi kukula kwamphamvu kwa mizu kapena kuwonongeka kwa nthaka ndi matenda. Pochita izi muyenera kusamala kwambiri kuti musawononge ma rhizome. M'malingaliro achikulire, ndizokwanira, kotero muyenera kuyambira kukumba kutali ndi thunthu kuti musakhudze mizu. |
| Kumeta tsitsi | Kupanga kasupe musanayambe kuyenda kwa madzi pa zimayambira ndi masamba. Ndikofunikira kuchotsa nthambi zouma ndi zosweka, kufupikitsa mphukira zomwe zikukula m'njira yolakwika. Thandizani malo omwe adulidwa ndi mitundu yamaluwa kuti muchepetse matenda. Kudulira kwa ukalamba kumachitika pamlingo wa 50-60 masentimita kuchokera pansi. Chifukwa cha izi, mphukira zatsopano zimamera nthawi yotentha. Kudulira sikukhudza maluwa, monga maluwa apezeka panthambi za chaka chino. |
| Chisamaliro china | Pakutha kwa nyengo yokukula, kukumba chiwembu ndi munthu wina wamatalala. |
Kufalitsa kwa chisanu
Itha kufalikira ndi njere ndi zipatso.
Mbewu
Njira yolimayi siigwiritsidwa ntchito kwenikweni, chifukwa Imakhala yotalikirapo komanso yolemetsa. Kukonzekera:
- Kuti tichotsere mbewu kuchokera ku ulusi.
- Pindani mu nsalu ya nayiloni ndi kufinya.
- Thirani mumbale.
- Sakanizani bwino.
- Yembekezani mpaka mbewu itakhazikika ndi zamkati zomwe zatsamira.
- Pezani njere ndi zowuma.
Kufesa kumachitika kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Musachite izi poyera, koma mumbale za mbande. Kufika pang'onopang'ono:
- Dzazani chidebe ndi mchenga, humus, peat posakanikirana magawo ofanana.
- Fesani mbewuyo wogawana ndikumwaza ndi dothi loonda.
- Phimbani ndi zojambulazo. Iyenera kuchotsedwa tsiku ndi tsiku chifukwa chothira mu botolo lothira yopopera pamphepete, mpweya wabwino ndi chopereka cha makoma kuchokera kumakoma. Muthanso kupanga kutsirira kotsika.
- Mphukira zoyambirira zitha kuwonedwa mu April. Imbani mbande kumsewu kuti zitheke kumapeto kwa nthawi yamasamba.
Muzu wowombera
Chitsamba chimapereka ana ambiri omwe amapanga makatani owoneka. Chifukwa chake, mabulosi amtchire amakula msanga ndipo amatha kusintha.
Njira iyi ndiyosavuta. Ndikokwanira kupatula kakhalidwe kakang'ono ndi kupangika. Izi sizingothandiza kupeza zatsopano zokhazokha, komanso kupewa kuteteza kuchulukirana kwambiri.
Gawoli
Njirayi imasungidwamo kumapeto kwa kasupe isanayambe kayendedwe ka madzi mu mphukira kapena m'dzinja mutagwa masamba:
- Kukumba ndikugawa nthambuyo ku lobes zingapo. Aliyense wa iwo ayenera kukhala ndi mizu yoyambira ndi mphukira wamphamvu.
- Malo omwe amachepetsa amayenera kuthandizidwa ndi makala.
- Bzalani Delenki m'munda.
Kuyika
Kubala mwanjira:
- Sankhani nthambi yabwinobwino, yopangidwa bwino yomwe imakula pafupi ndi maziko.
- Kumbani ngalande pansi, ikani nthambi pamenepo ndikukhazikitsa ndi mabatani.
- Phimbani pansi, kusiya pamwamba pamtunda.
- Samalirani zitsamba zokhazikika pachilimwe.
- Mukugwa, mizu ikapangidwa pa mtunda, padera pa chitsamba ndi kumuika pomwe anakonza.
Kudula
Zodulidwa kale kapena zobiriwira zobiriwira ndizoyenera kufalitsa. Poyamba, kukonzekera kumachitika nyengo yokulira isanayambe kapena itatha. Kuwombera kuyenera kukhala 10-20 masentimita, ndikuwombera kwa primordia wa 3-5. Asanabzike, nthambi zazing'ono zimasungidwa mumchenga m'chipinda chozizira.
Kukolola masamba obiriwira ochitidwa mbandakucha kwa Juni. Kuwombera kuyenera kukhala kotalika, kotukuka. Kudziwa ngati mphukira yakonzeka kubzala ndikosavuta: muyenera kuipinda. Nthambi ikasweka ndikukhazikika, zikutanthauza kuti phesi ndi kucha. Mabiliketi amayenera kuyikidwa m'madzi nthawi yomweyo.
Kufalikira kwatsoka ndi odulidwa:
- Dzazani mabokosiwo ndi zosakaniza zofananazo ndikamafesa mbewu.
- Limbikitsani nthambi za 5 mm.
- Ikani chidebe mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kutentha kwa malo (kuti mapangidwe a mizu afunika kutentha kwapamwamba ndi chinyezi chogwirizira cha gawo lapansi).
- Mu nthawi yophukira, mizu yake imakhala yokonzeka kupandukira m'mundamo.
- Kwa nthawi yozizira, muyenera kuphimba tchire tating'ono ndi nthambi za spruce kapena masamba owuma kupewa kuzizira.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Popeza nkhandwe ndi chomera chakupha, sichikhudzidwa ndi tizirombo. Komanso sizigwirizana ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Nthawi zina, popanda kusamalidwa bwino, matenda opezeka ndi ashtray, kuola imvi kumatha kuchitika. Kuti tisunge chitsamba, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala: Strobi, Falcon, Maxim, Skor, etc. Njira zina (mwachitsanzo, kupukuta ndi sopo kapena mowa) sizithandiza.
Popewa matenda kumayambiriro kwa masika, tchire liyenera kuthandizidwa ndi Bordeaux madzi 3%. Izi zimachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi bowa.
A Dachnik amalimbikitsa: mankhwala a chipatso cha chipale chofewa
Maluwa ndi owopsa, koma ochulukirapo. Kugwiritsa ntchito milingo yaying'ono kumathandizira:
- mabala, ming'alu m'manja (zipatso zatsopano);
- zotupa zosiyanasiyana za pakhungu ndi zilonda zam'mimba (gruel kuchokera masamba);
- chifuwa chachikulu, matenda opatsirana pogonana (decoction of bark).
Mphamvu zakuchiritsa kwa chipale chofewa sizimamveka bwino, chifukwa chake, njira iliyonse yosagwiritsa ntchito yachikhalidwe iyenera kuvomerezedwa ndi dokotala. Kupanda kutero, mutha kuyambitsa vuto lalikulu thanzi lanu. Kuphatikiza apo, wowerengeka azitsamba amatha kungoyambitsa matenda, komanso osachiritsa kwathunthu.
Popewa zotsatira zosakomera, nkhandwe siziyenera kubzalidwa m'magawo a masukulu ophunzitsira, sukulu, malo osewerera. Ana ali ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa, amatha kulawa zipatso ndi poizoni. Zizindikiro zikuluzikulu za kuledzera ndikusanza, kusanza, kudwala, matenda ammimba, kutsekula m'mimba. Pankhaniyi, muyenera kusamba m'mimba ndikuyimba ambulansi.
Bulosi wa Wolf ndi chitsamba chokongola kwambiri chokongoletsera chomwe chidzakhala chokongoletsera chilichonse. Ndizonyalanyaza pamilandu yomangidwa, yolimbana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, timalekerera mlengalenga wodetsedwa mwangwiro. Chifukwa chake, mbewuyo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito poyang'anira malo am'mizinda, obzalidwa pafupi ndi mafakitale, misewu yayikulu
