Amaluwa ambiri ndi omwe ali ndi ziwembu, kuswana nyama kunyumba.
Pamaso pa njala yokwanira yokhala ndi zoweta sizili zovuta, makamaka popeza phindu la ntchito yoteroyo ndilofunika.
Simunamasule nyama, koma mumadziwa zonse za chiyambi chake.
Mwachidziwikire, njira yosavuta yothetsera mbalame, chifukwa choti amawadyetsa mopanda phindu, safuna malo apadera oti azikhalamo, ndipo mumatha kukulitsa kokha kuchokera ku kasupe mpaka kumapeto, ndipo chaka chamawa mukhoza kugula anapiye atsopano.
Lero tikufuna kukamba za abakha omwe amatchedwa Mulard, kuchotsedwa komwe kungabweretse ndalama zambiri komanso zopindulitsa.
Makhadada a Mulard: Timakula chifukwa cha nyama, koma osati chifukwa cha ziweto
Ngakhalenso abakhawa sanabwerere ku msika wa mbalame. Mbalamezi zimakopeka ndikuti ali ndi malo wakuda pamutu pawo.
Komanso, anthu ambiri amatcha "mulatto" chifukwa cha chizindikiro ichi, popeza thupi lawo lonse ndi loyera kwambiri. Sungani ndi hybrids, chifukwa sichipezeka mwachibadwa, koma kudutsa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya abakha.
Pankhani iyi, tikukamba za kudutsa bakha la nutmeg, lomwe mwinamwake munamvapo zambiri, chifukwa ndilofala kwambiri ndi bakha la Peking.
Kuti mupitirize chidwi ndi mtundu wa Mulard, musaiwale kutchula abakha a "broiler" a mtundu umenewu.
Mu kulima, zimakhala zowonjezereka: zimatha kubzalidwa pakhomo pa zosowa za banja limodzi, komanso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa nkhuku zinyama ndikugulitsa nyama yake.
Chombo chokhacho - "broilers" ndi ofunika kwambiri kuposa mtengo wamba, ngakhale zotsatira zake ndizitali.
Tiyenera kuzindikira kuti malo omwe anabadwira ndi France, kumene amalangizi amayesera bwino kwambiri, amapatsa mtundu watsopano ndi makhalidwe abwino, kuthetsa zofooka zonse za mtundu wa bakha.
Choncho, kumudziwa ndi mtundu wa Mulard udzayamba kuchokera ku maonekedwe ake.
Zomwe zimayambitsa abakha omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito poswana Mulardov
Choyamba ndifunika kudziwa kuti mitundu yotsalira ya abakha imakhala ndi kusiyana kwakukulu.
Makamaka, ngati abakha a musk amadziwika ndi chikhalidwe chamtendere ndi ulemelero, omwe ambiri amawayamikira, ndiye kuti Peking abakha sali osiyana - iwo ali phokoso lachilendo, nthenga zawo nthawi zonse zimakhala zonyansa ndipo sizingatheke. Ngakhale si khalidwe lofunika kwambiri la mtunduwo, limakhala lofunika kwambiri.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudzidziwe nokha ndi zikhalidwe zina za mitundu iyi kuchokera pa tebulo ili m'munsiyi.
Nyama ndi makhalidwe
Dothi la Muskard: Mtengo ndi wokwera kwambiri, uli ndi makhalidwe abwino kwambiri, amakhala ndi zakudya zambiri zomwe zimapindulitsa anthu.
Bakha la Peking: Kawirikawiri, nyama ili ndi ubwino, koma zosiyanasiyana sizothandiza kuti kulima nyama. Kudyetsa zakudya zambiri, mtunduwo sungakhale minofu yamtundu, koma mafuta ambiri, pambuyo pake amatayika malonda awo.
Zimatengera kulemera
Bulu la Muscovy: Poyambirira, mtunduwu uli ndi kulemera kochepa, umapindulanso ndi mitengo yochepa.
Danga la Peking: Kupeza mofulumira kwambiri, ndiye mtsogoleri pa nkhaniyi.
Yambani dzira atagona
Bulu la Muscovy: Miyezi 8-9. Mazira akugona pafupi ndi miyezi 3-4, kenako mbalameyo imayamba kutentha. Kumayambiriro kwa nthawi inayake, kuzungulira kumabwezeretsedwa.
Bakha la Peking: Ali ndi zaka 29-30, ndiko kuti, pa miyezi 7-7.5. Mukusakaniza kwa kugonana, mtundu uwu uli patsogolo pa ena ambiri. Kukolola kwa chaka chimodzi cha moyo wa bakha ndi pafupifupi miyezi 7.
Kulemera kwa moyo
Bulu la Muskard: Amayi amalemera pafupifupi 2.5 kilogalamu, ndipo amuna amatha kufika 5.
Danga la Peking: Dchi 3 kilogalamu, drake - 3.5. Kulemera kwake kwa mazira 8 pamwezi kumakhala pakati pa 1.8 ndi 2.2 kilograms.
Chifukwa cha kusankhidwa kwa mitundu iwiri yomwe ikufotokozedwa, kunali kotheka kuwonjezera zofooka zonse pothandizidwa ndi ubwino wodabwitsa kwambiri. Choncho, pofotokozera mwachidule bulu la Mulard, zikhoza kuzindikila kuti ali odekha, ali ndi khalidwe labwino la nyama, amalemera bwino ndipo amapindulitsa kwambiri.
Kodi ubwino wamtunduwu ndi wotani wodziwika bwino ndi abakha Mulard
Choyamba, muyenera kumvetsera machitidwe abwino kwambiri a chitetezo cha m'thupi a abakha a mtundu uwu. Ngakhale popanda zikhalidwe zabwino iwo amadwala kawirikawiri. Kuwonjezera apo, Mularda amadziwika ndi chitsamba cholimba kwambiri, minofu yawo sichikulirakulira (sizingakhale zopanda pake kuti mtunduwu ukuonedwa ngati nyama).
"Broilers" ali ndi ubwino wambiri mu ukapolo umenewu, zomwe zikhalidwe za ndende sizilibe phindu, chifukwa adzatha kusintha.
Ubwino ndi ulemu wa a Moulard broilers ndizovuta kupirira kutsika kwa madontho ndi madontho. Mulimonsemo, mbalamezi zimakhala zolemera, mosasamala kanthu za zizoloŵezi zadyera, makamaka popeza sichidutsamo.
Ubwino wa mtunduwo si wabwino wokhawokha wa nyama, komanso bakha chiwindi. Zimakhulupirira kuti chiwindi cha mtundu wofotokozedwa bwino ndi choyenera kwambiri popanga foie gras. Zimakhudza izi, osati zofewa zake zokha komanso kukula kwake, komabe komanso chakudya chamtengo wapatali.
Pakati pa ena zoyenera Mabakha a Mulard ayenera kutchedwa:
- Ukhondo umene mtunduwo unatengera kwa musk abakha. Choncho, ngakhale ali wamkulu, abakhawa angagwiritsidwe ntchito kugulitsidwa, pansi pake ndi nthenga zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pazinthu zamakampani.
- Makhalidwe abwino a abakha, omwe adalandidwanso kuchokera kwa abakha a musk. Makhalidwe amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri pakubereka kwa mbalamezi, chifukwa nthawi zambiri samamva phokoso lalikulu, ndipo sangathamangire pabwalo (makamaka ngati akusokoneza madzi).
- Kukula msinkhu, ndiko kuti, kuyamba kwa dzira-kuika mwa akazi. Mu mtundu uwu, umayamba pa 180-210 pa tsiku. Mayiyo amaika mazira ochulukirapo, koma sakhala ndi umuna.
- Nyama yapamwamba. Tanena kale kuti abambo a abakha omwe amawagwiritsira ntchito pobereka Molards amadziwika ndi nyama yabwino kwambiri, yomwe mtundu womwewo unatengera nawo.
Komabe, ndibwino kuti nyama ikhale yopangidwa ndi akazi, koma abambo amakula kuti apangidwe chiwindi ndi foie gras. Ndipotu, kulemera kwa chiwindi cha drake imodzi kungakhale magalamu 500-550.
- Kukula pakuswana ndi kulima. Chofunika cha mfundo iyi ndi zomwe tazitchula kale pamwamba, kutanthauza kudzichepetsa kwa abakha omwe amadya chakudya, kusintha kwawo kutentha ndi machitidwe abwino a chitetezo cha mthupi.
Sitiyenera kuiwala za kukolola kwakukulu kwa abakha a Mulard, chifukwa sikuti amapereka nyama yochuluka, komanso amapatsa eni ake mazira ndi chiwindi.
Zowonongeka zomwe zidzakumane nazo pakubereka ndi kubzala abakha Mulard
Mabakhawa amakhala ndi mtima wathanzi, ndipo amapatsa nyama zambiri, ndipo ali ndi chiwindi chabwino kwambiri, ndipo amakupatsani mazira, koma palinso zovuta ku mtundu uwu.
Chowonadi ndi chakuti abulu a hybrid moladr sangathe kubereka ana. Ngakhalenso mazira omwe amabereka sali oyenera kubzala ana a nkhono, popeza sakhala ndi mazira.
Choncho, nthawi zambiri zimakhala zofunikira kugula nsomba zatsopano nthawi zonse kuti zinyama zizidyera nyama. Koma sikuti nthawi zonse sikoyenera kuchita izi, ndipo nthawi zambiri, chifukwa nkutheka kukwaniritsa ana atsopano a Mulardov.
Tiyeneranso kukumbukira kuti abakha omwe ali ngati Mulard sakhalapo m'chilengedwe, chifukwa mitundu yake yobala imakhala m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ndipo imatha kudutsa.
Makamaka, popeza obereketsa anabala mtundu umenewu kuchokera kwa abambo a musk ndi a Peking, ngati mumasunga mwamuna wamwamuna woyamba kubadwa kunyumba ndi mkazi wachiwiri (chabwino, kapena mosiyana, ngakhale kuti pali ziganizo apa), ndiye kuti n'zotheka kupeza kuchokera kwa ana a mtundu umene mukusowa.
Inde, kusakaniza kwa nyumba koteroko sikutha kupereka zotsatira 100%, chifukwa, pambuyo pa zonse, muyenera kuthana ndi ma genetic osadziŵika, koma nthawi zambiri ngakhale njira iyi imapereka zotsatira zabwino kwambiri.
Koma ngakhale pano pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana: phwando la mtundu wa musk ndi lovuta kwambiri kukakamiza kuti imere mkazi kuchokera ku mtundu wina osati wake. Kuti izi zitheke, muyenera kukhala anzeru kwambiri, kuziyika limodzi mu gulu lonse la azimayi a Peking komanso osiyana ndi ena komanso mtundu wanu. Koma ngakhale panopa, chiwerengero cha umuna chidzakhala pafupifupi 70%.
Kunyumba, zimakhala bwino kwambiri kukhala ndi bakha, komanso musk. Kuyankhulana pa nkhaniyi kudzakhala kovuta kwambiri, koma anawo akhoza kukhala ndi mphamvu zowonjezerapo kulemera kwa mayiyo ndipo sangakusangalatseni ndi nyama yambiri.
Choncho, a Moulards omwe adapeza kunyumba sangakhale osiyana ndi onse a mtundu wawo. Komabe, ngati mutapambana, mungagulitse ducklings, omwe amalemekezedwa kwambiri.
Zina mwa zikhalidwe ndi zizindikiro zake zosiyana
Ngati mwatsimikiza kuyamba kukula ndi abakha a Mulard, muyeneranso kudzidziwitsa ndi kufotokozera kwawo kunja.
Nthaŵi zambiri, mtundu uwu wosakanizidwa uli wofiira woyera ndipo uli ndi malo ang'onoang'ono akuda pamutu.
Komabe, mawu ofunika mu chiganizo chapitayi ndi mawu omwewo "hybrid form", omwe nthawi zambiri amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mitundu ya mbalame. Choncho, ngati mutenga udzu wakuda kapena wofiirira panyumba kubereka kwa Peking ndi musk abakha, musafulumire kukwiyitsa, akhoza kusonyeza zotsatira zabwino ndi kukula.
Kodi zokolola za Muckd bakha ndi zotani? Zambiri za magawo ofunika kwambiri.
Mwachidziwikire, kubzala kubusa kumaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito nyama zawo. Pankhani ya Mulardes, izi ndi zachilengedwe chifukwa mtunduwu ndi wofanana ndi nyama, chifukwa umatha kukhala wambirimbiri.
Choncho, pokhala wamkulu, kulemera kwake kwa drake kumapanga 6 mpaka 7 kilograms, ndi akazi kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.5 kilograms. Chinthu chabwino kwambiri ndi chakuti ngakhale ngakhale masabata asanu ndi awiri (7-10) anyamata akufulumira kulemera ngakhale kuti samadya kwambiri, ndipo kulemera kwawo m'nthawi ya malt nthawi zambiri kumakhala pakati pa 1.3 ndi 1.5 kilogalamu.
Dzira limapereka kwa abakha awa ali apamwamba kwambiri. Bakha limodzi mu nyengo imodzi ikhoza kupanga mazira okwana 250-270 osakanizidwa, omwe ndi oyenera kwambiri kuphika. Akazi amayamba kubala chipatso kale pa tsiku la 180-210 la moyo wawo.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za nkhuku ndi nkhuku za nkhuku.
Tili ndi kubereketsa abakha: Kodi mungapereke bwanji mbalamezo?
Ngakhale kuti abakhawa saganiziridwa kuti ndi amtengo wapatali, nkofunikanso kuti apereke zinthu zabwino kuti apeze kulemera kwake. Pamene abakha ang'onoang'ono amangobadwa, nkofunika kuti udzu kapena udzu ukhale ngati zinyalala kwa iwo, koma palibe chomwe chiyenera kuwonedwa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito.
Chifukwa cha ichi chimakhala chifukwa chakuti sawdust imakhuta kwambiri ndi chinyezi ndipo imauma kwa nthawi yaitali poyerekeza ndi udzu. Ndipo popeza chinyezi ndizo zamoyo zazikuluzikulu za abakha, utuchi udzakhala wamadzi nthawi zonse ndipo ukhoza kupha imfa ya gawo lina la ana.
Poganizira zakumapeto kwake, sikutheka kumbali mbalame iyi ya malo ake, ndiko kuti, mwambo wake, ndiko kuti, matupi a madzi.
Choncho, ngati mukukula abakha, ganizirani momwe mungachitire mwakachetechete. Ndipotu, ngakhale nthata ali ndi zaka 30 ndi zofunika. kuyenda nthawi zonse pafupi ndi madziomwe ndi chakudya chachilengedwe cha nkhukuzi.
Komanso, lamulo lina lofunika ndiloti ndi bwino kuwalekanitsa ndi mbalame zina, kotero zimakula ndikudyetsa bwino.
Kodi ndi nthawi zingati zomwe muyenera kudyetsa Mulardov: kupanga zakudya zabwino kwambiri
Ngati simunagule nkhumba zing'onozing'ono pamsika, koma mwaganiza zogula mazira a mtundu uno, ndiye kuti muyenera kudziwa momwe mungadyetse chakudya kuchokera pa nthawi yomwe amathyola mazira.
Choyamba, amafunikira kuledzera, pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi yofooka kwambiri ya potaziyamu permanganate (misampha yapamwamba ikhoza kuvulaza mbalame). Ndiponso, kuyambira masiku oyambirira ayenera kupatsidwa phala wophika wothira dzira yophika. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, phala la phala liyenera kukhala lamadzi, kotero kuti ducklings amalandira chinyezi kuchokera ku chakudya chawo.
Ndikofunika kukumbukira kuti abakha a mtundu umenewu amayamba kudya okhaokha kuyambira tsiku lachitatu la moyo, pomwe sangathe kupita ku chakudya cholimba nthawi yomweyo. Kokha - patatha nthawi mukhoza kuyamba onjezerani masamba odulidwa.
Ndipo tsopano, kuyambira sabata yachiwiri ya moyo wawo, chakudyacho chikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi mbatata yophika.
Popitiriza kudyetsa abakha, sitiyenera kuiwala za mineral zomwe zingathandize osati kukula kokha, komanso ku thanzi la mbalame. Makamaka, zingakhale:
- Mel;
- Seashells;
- Eggshell.
Mbali yofunika kwambiri ya kudyetsa nkhuku ndi kuwapatsa madzi, omwe amasangalala kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe chawo. Pachifukwa ichi, ndibwino kuti tizimvetsera mwatsatanetsatane oledzera ndikutsanulira madzi oyera.
Ndipo ndithudi, ndibwino kuti muwatumize ku malo osungira madzi, kuti iwo okha asapereke madzi okha, komanso amathandiza duckweed kwa iwo. Ngati mulibe malo ogona, ndiye kuti duckweed adzafunikiranso kuponyedwa m'matumba.
Kuunikira pamene akuzaza nkhono: chifukwa chiyani ndi nthawi yayitali bwanji?
Kupereka ducklings ndi kuunika n'kofunika kwambiri, chifukwa chakuti izi zimatsimikizira kuti zimasintha mogwirizana ndi zinthu zakunja. Makamaka, atangobadwa kumene amafunikira kuzungulira kuunikira.
Pamene ana aang'ono akukula pang'ono, ayambe kudya mochulukirapo ndipo asunthire momasuka, mukhoza kuchepetsa kuwala pang'ono, kuphatikizapo maola 15-17 pa tsiku.
Kodi mbalame zimafunikira kutentha kotani?
Pambuyo pa kubala kwa nkhono, amafunikanso kutenthedwa kwambiri, chifukwa adzafa pamadera otentha. Ngati atachotsedwa pogwiritsa ntchito makina osakaniza, ndiye kuti mukugona muyenera kukhala ndi kutentha kwa 28 mpaka 30 ° C, koma nthawi yeniyeni yomwe amachitira, osati osachepera 23 ° C.
Ndipotu, ndi maonekedwe a chilengedwe, amayi awo amapereka chiwombankhanga, ndipo pazifukwa zoterezi, muyenera kusintha ntchitoyi pamapewa anu.
Kodi mbalame ndi yabwino kwa nyama yanji?
Zimakhulupirira kuti Mulardov amaloledwa kudya nyama ya miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Mukawapatsa chakudya chabwino, panthawiyi adzapeza zizindikiro zabwino zolemera, ndipo nyama idzakhala yabwino kwambiri.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti pakatikati pa masiku owonetsedwa sizowonongeka kupha mbalame, yomwe ikugwirizana ndi njira za kukula ndi kutha msinkhu.
