Currant ndi mabulosi owopsa, owoneka bwino komanso wathanzi ndi fungo lamoto. Alipo okonda ambiri a mabulosiwa, ndipo ndi koyenera kupita ku tchire pasadakhale. Mitengo yambiri ya currant ikupereka kuchokera pachinayi mpaka chaka chachisanu ndi chitatu cha moyo, ikadzafika nthawi yobwezeretsa tchire. Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zoberekera za chikhalidwe ichi, sizili zovuta kupha.
Cuttings
Kwa kubereka currants ntchito zonse zobiriwira ndi lignified cuttings.
White, wofiira ndi wakuda currants ndi othandiza kwambiri zipatso zomwe zingathe kukonzedwa ngati kupanikizana, compote kapena vinyo.
Mukudziwa? Maluwa a Currant ku XYI, omwe amatchedwa mabulosi a monastic. Amonkewa ankagwiritsira ntchito kwambiri mankhwalawa ndi zolinga zamankhwala. Ndipo kale Xyi Zaka mazana izo zinayamba kukula pa minda.
Chobiriwira
Kuberekera kwa black currant ndi msipu wobiriwira m'nyengo yozizira kumachitika panthawi ya kukula kwawo - nthawiyi imakhala kumapeto kwa June - chiyambi cha July. Kukolola kubzala ndibwino kusankha tsiku la mitambo, kotero kuti chitsamba chimataya chinyezi pang'ono, komanso pa masiku a dzuwa Kukolola kumachitika m'mawa kwambiri:
- Kusankhidwa kwa chitsamba, pomwe zizindikirozo zidzachitika, ndikofunikira kuti muzisamalira mwachidwi. Chitsamba cha amayi chiyenera kukhala ndi thanzi labwino, kupereka zokolola zochuluka ndi kusinthasintha. Mawanga adulidwa ndi 10-15 masentimita, gawo lirilonse liyenera kukhala ndi masamba osachepera atatu. Kudula kumadulidwa kuchokera pamwamba pa ngodya mpaka impso, ndipo kuchokera pansipangitsani kudula mwachindunji pamtunda wa 0,5 masentimita kuchokera ku mphukira
- Masamba amachotsedwa pansi pamodzi ndi mapesi, masamba apamwamba amadulidwa ndi theka - njirayi ndi yofunika kuti athetse kuchepa kwa chinyezi.
- Zotsatira zake za cuttings zimabzalidwa pangodya, kukulitsa kwambiri pansi (pafupifupi masamba).
- Chomera choyenera chiyenera kuthiriridwa, chodzazidwa ndi chingwe cha mulch, udzu nthawi zonse, kuteteza kukula kwa namsongole.
- Patangopita milungu iwiri, mbande ziwoneka zizindikiro zoyamba za mizu, zomwe kumapeto kwa chilimwe zimapanga mizu yolimba, ndipo yaing'ono yowongoka imakhala ikukula kuchokera kudula. Kumayambiriro kwa autumn currant baka amatumizidwa ku malo osatha.
Ndikofunikira! Sichikulimbikitsidwa kuti mukhale ndi currants ndi mbewu. Mitengo yotereyi silingathe kukhala ndi maonekedwe osiyanasiyana.
Kubalana kwa currant cuttings m'chaka cha madzi ndi imodzi mwa njira zosavuta. Dulani zidutswa za zidutswa ziwiri kumizidwa m'madzi mu galasi kuti ziphimbe masamba awiri. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za mizu zimapangidwa ndi tsiku lakhumi, nthawi yobzala pa mbeu, mizu ndi masamba amapangidwa pa mmera.
Anabzala mbande pansi pokhapokha nyengo ikatha ndipo sipadzakhalanso chiopsezo cha chisanu chobwerera.
Lignified
Kubalana wakuda currant lignified cuttings opangidwa m'chaka:
- chifukwa kudula cuttings, nthawi imasankhidwa pamene masamba amayamba kukulira mu kukula - kuti avule;
- Nthambi yamphamvu imadulidwa pansi - pansi pamtunda kuti asachoke penechki, ndi kudula mu magawo 15 cm, kuyesera kupanga kudula pafupi ndi Mphukira;
- mdulidwe uyenera kupangidwa pambali, kotero zidzakhala zosavuta kuti uziphatikize pansi;
- Chophimba chokonzekera chokonzekera chimasonkhanitsidwa m'matumba ang'onoting'ono, ophimbidwa ndi zitsulo zoteteza udzu kapena utuchi, zotsalira kuti zikhalebe zowonongeka, kapena zitakulungidwa ndi mitolo ya cuttings ndi filimu ndi kusungidwa mu firiji;
- Dziko lapansi likadzafika pa kuya kwa masentimita 20, pitirizani kufika. Pang'onopang'ono, timadontho timene timadulidwa mumtunda wautali 20 cm. Mbewu imayenera kupita pansi isanafike Mphukira yachiwiri. Onetsetsani kuti nyembayo imakhala pansi, ngati n'koyenera, ikuphwanyika pansi. M'nyengo yophukira yodzala tchire amasamutsira ku malo osatha.
Kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka za currants muyenera kuzisamalira bwino: kudyetsa, kudulira ndi kuteteza ku matenda ndi tizirombo.
Mukudziwa? Mabulosi a currant osagwira ntchito ndi othandiza kwambiri kusiyana ndi kucha, chifukwa amakhala ndivitamini C.Kubalana wakuda currant lignified cuttings akhoza kupangidwa mu kugwa. Chomera chokonzekera chokonzekera chimakanikira pansi, kuyesera kuti apitirire kuzingwe 45 ° (kotero kuti dziko lachisanu silingakhoze kuwakankhira iwo pamwamba) ndi mtunda wa masentimita asanu kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake, kusiya masamba awiri pamwamba pa nthaka. Ndikofunika kuti muzitha kuzungulira nthaka kuzungulira mbande (mungathe kuzipondaponda ndi mapazi anu) kotero kuti pamene akudodometsa samathamanga kuchoka pansi.
Ndikofunikira! Nthawi zonse muzimvetsera mtundu wa nkhuni zomwe zimadula - chikasu chimasonyeza kuti chodzala chikudwala. Mtundu wa mmera wabwino ndi wobiriwira.Kuyala currants mu kugwa cuttings kuti prikopany mu supine udindo ndipo yokutidwa ndi wosanjikiza wa mulch, amakulolani kukula mbande popanda anthu kuthandiza. Ngati cuttings bwinobwino overwinter, ndiye m'chaka mudzazindikira kukula kwa zomera.
Kugawa chitsamba
Monga lamulo, njira iyi sichizunzidwa - koma m'malo molimbikitsidwa kuti apulumutse mtundu wina, kutumiza chitsamba ku bedi lina. Zotsatira zochitika:
- Kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa masika, chitsamba chimakumbidwa. Dulani nthambi zakale pamtunda, kumapeto, pamapeto pake muyenera kukhala nthambi zazing'ono, zomwe ziyenera kufupikitsidwa mpaka masentimita 30.
- Anayang'anitsitsa mizu ya zomera - akale ndi matenda kuti achotsedwe.
- Ndi nkhwangwa lakuthwa, chitsamba chigawanika kukhala lobes, kuonetsetsa kuti gawo lirilonse liri ndi nthambi zomwe zakhala zikuphulika ndi mizu.
Mukudziwa? Tiyi ya tizilombo timathandiza kwambiri akulu ndi ana. Zimamuthandiza kukumbukira zinthu, ubongo wa ubongo, zowonongeka.
Kuyika
Njira yosavuta yothetsera amabala bwino. Izo ziri mu mfundo yakuti nthambi za currants kumayambiriro kwa kasupe zimangoyamba pansi.
Pa tizilombo timene timayambitsa timadzi timene timayambira: aphid, kangaude mite, tizilombo ting'onoting'ono, njenjete, matenda - powdery mildew ndi toe dzimbiri.
Zozengereza
Mphukira yathanzi ndi yamphamvu yapachaka imayikidwa mu grooves makilogalamu asanu akuya, kupeza nthambi ndi zofunikira. Pamene mphukira imatha kutalika kwa masentimita 10, grooves ili ndi dziko lapansi.
Nsonga za mphukira zimadulidwa ku Mphukira yoyamba, mwa njira yophweka imadzutsa nthiti zambiri. Kuti mizu ikhale bwino pa mphukira, m'pofunika kuphuka mphukira ndi nthaka mpaka masentimita asanu, patapita nthawi (pamene nyongolosi ikukula) njirayi iyenera kubwerezedwa, musaiwale za dothi lonyowa.
Mu theka lachiwiri la mwezi wa Oktoba, zigawo zomwe zimapezeka zimapangidwa mosamala. Pogwiritsa ntchito pruner kapena mpeni, iwo amalekanitsidwa ndi nthambi. Mbewu zamphamvu kwambiri zimasamutsidwa kupita ku malo osatha, omwe amalephera kubzala.
Arc
Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati palibe chifukwa chokolola kuchuluka kwa kubzala. Kuchokera kumodzi umodzi, chitsamba china chatsopano chimapezeka.
Pa mtunda wa masentimita 40, dzenje limakumbidwa kuchokera kumtambo wa mayi omwe ali ndi masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri (20 cm). Zosankha zowonongeka zowonongeka zimayendetsedwa ndi dzenje, zimaponyedwa mu dzenje ndikuzitetezera. Zomangiriza za mphukirazo zili ndi nthaka yabwino.
Pakuti bwino rooting wa cuttings kapena cuttings, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito nthaka zosakaniza, zomwe zingagulidwe apadera masitolo, ndi kusakaniza nokha:
- Sakanizani mofanana ndi peat ndi mchenga;
- Sakanizani mu ofanana mbali peat ndi akale utuchi;
- gawo la nthaka ya sod ndi magawo atatu a utuchi wouma (linden, alder, aspen).
Kufalitsa kwachulukidwe kumachitika m'njira zosiyanasiyana, ndipo njira iyi sitingatchedwe kuti ndi yovuta. Atsogoleredwe ndi lamulo limodzi: mphukira yosankhidwa kuti ikhale yobereketsa iyenera kukhala yamphamvu ndi yathanzi - izi ndizofunikira kuti mupeze mbande zamphamvu, zomwe zidzakupatsani zokolola zambiri mtsogolomu.
