Zinsinsi za Peyala yoboola pakati

Mapeyala owumbidwa ndi kholingo amachititsa chidwi wamaluwa ndi maonekedwe okongoletsa, zokolola zambiri komanso kukoma kwa zipatso zabwino. Malo angapo osungirako ana ndi malo ogulitsira pa intaneti amapereka mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewuzi popanda chidziwitso pa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe awo. Chifukwa chake, musanagule mmera, muyenera kudziwa zambiri mwatsatanetsatane ndikumvetsetsa momwe peyala yofunika.

Kufotokozera Kwambiri kwa Peyala ya Columnar

Mapeyala owoneka ngati kholingo ndi amitengo yopanda thunzi, adakhala ndi dzina la mawonekedwe osadziwika bwino a koronawo ngati mawonekedwe, pomwe nthambi zazifupi kwambiri zimakhala ndi mphukira zambiri zofupikitsa - mphete zokhala ndi zipatso zimayikidwa pa thunthu. Zotsatira zake, zikuwoneka kuti maluwa ndi zipatsozi amapezeka mwachindunji pa mitengo ikuluikulu. Nthawi yomweyo, kukula kwake ndi kukoma kwake kwa zipatso kumakhalabe zofanana ndi mapeyala ataliatali. Kutalika kwambiri kwa mtengowu ndi pafupifupi 2-2,5 m.

Mapeyala ooneka ngati colon amabala zipatso zambiri ndipo amawoneka okongoletsa kwambiri

Mwa njira yopangira, mitundu yonse imagawidwa kukhala mbewu (ma dwarfs achilengedwe) ndi kumalumikizidwa pamtengo wamtengo wapatali. Mitengo yaing'onoting'ono ya ana ndi yopyapyala kuposa mapeyala wamba amsinkhu womwewo, ndipo imagwiritsanso ntchito nthambi zina.

Peyala yoboola pakati ndi chikhalidwe chokha chopatsa thanzi. Chimabala chipatso popanda kuipitsidwa ndi gulu lachitatu, koma kuti tiwonjezere zipatso pafupi ndi bwino kubzala mitengo yobera zipatso. Chifukwa cha izi, mitundu iliyonse ya mapeyala omwe ali ndi maluwa omwewo ndi oyenera.

Pakadali pano, palibe mitundu yambiri pamsika yomwe imatha kufotokozedwa ngati gulu.

Kanema: Kodi apulo ndi mitengo ya peyala zimawoneka bwanji nthawi yophukira

Zabwino ndi zoyipa za mapeyala a columnar

Chifukwa cha kukula kwake, peyala yotsogola siyigwiritsa ntchito mphamvu pakukula kwa michere yochulukirapo, yomwe imapatsa mwayi zingapo:

chifukwa cha korona wofananira, pali kuthekera kwa kubzala mitengo yolimba, yomwe imasunga malo m'munda;
kuchuluka kwa mitengoyo kumayamba kuphuka ndi kubala zipatso mchaka chachiwiri mutalandira katemera;
amadziwika ndi zokolola zambiri kuposa mapeyala wamba;
zipatso zake ndi zokometsera, zotsekemera, zoyendetsedwa bwino;
korona yaying'ono imapangitsa chisamaliro cha mitengo kukhala kosavuta - kudulira, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, komanso kututa.

Zoyipa zake ndi monga:

yochepa zipatso za mtengo pafupifupi zaka 10. Izi ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa mitundu wamba ya peyala ndipo pambuyo pake pamafunika kukonzanso mundawo;
ngati palibe chidziwitso pakuwasamalira mbewu za columnar, ndiye kuti amataya msanga mawonekedwe awo ndikuchepetsa zokolola;
ndi zipatso zochulukirapo, mitundu iyi imachepetsa nthaka, yomwe imafuna kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza nthawi zonse.

Ngakhale zolakwa, mitengo yazipilala yomwe imadzaza malowa sichisangalala ndi zipatso zokha, komanso mawonekedwe ake okongoletsa.

Oimira Ofunika Ndi Mbali

Mitundu yambiri yamapichesi oyambira imatha kudulidwa kum'mwera komanso pakati Russia. Chachikulu ndichakuti musankhe mitundu yomwe imasinthidwa kuti ikhale kuzomera komwe mukukhala.

Mitundu yayikulu yamapira

Aliyense amene akufuna kulima kanjedza ayenera kudziwa kuti mitunduyi sinalembedwe mu State Record of Selection Achievement of the Russian Federation, kwa iwo nthawi zambiri palibe chidziwitso pakubereka kwa mitengo ndi kukana matenda, mawonekedwe okha ndi kukoma kwa zipatsozo, komanso nthawi yomwe yakucha kwake ndi kusunga nthawi kukufotokozedwa.

Mitundu yonse yamapichesi pamsika imagawana:

pa chilimwe;
chilimwe - yophukira;
yophukira (yoyambilira ya nyundo, yophukira, yophukira);
nthawi yachisanu.

Mapeyala a Columnar alibe mayina osiyanasiyana, manambala okha: kuchokera G-1 mpaka G-5.

G-1 - amatanthauza mitundu ya dzinja, imakhala ndi chisanu bwino, mbewuyo imakololedwa kumapeto kwa Seputembu komanso koyambirira kwa Okutobala. Zipatso ndi zachikaso, zamatumba ambiri, zolemera mpaka 250 g, zokhala ndi yowutsa mudyo komanso thupi lanthete. Mu chipinda chozizira amasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala;
G-2 ndi nyengo ya nthawi yophukira yopanda chisanu, yabwino kulimidwa ku Siberia. Kututa chakumapeto kwa Novembala. Chipatsochi chimakhala chobiriwira ndi mawanga a bulauni, tuberous, misa osaposa 200 g. Kukoma kwake ndikokoma, zamkati ndi labwino kwambiri;
G-3 - kalasi yoyambilira ya nyundo, imalephera chisanu mpaka -25^zaC. Zipatso zimayamba kukhwima mu Seputembala-Okutobala. Zipatso zazikulu za utoto wachikasu, zolemera 400 g, zamkati ndi zotsekemera, zanthete;
G-4 - kalasi yophukira yokhala ndi chisanu chabwino. Zipatso zake ndizazikulu, zazikulu, zolemera mpaka 300 g. Peel yake ndi yodzikongoletsa chikaso, dzuwa limatulutsa pinki. Kununkhira ndikwabwino, zamkati ndi zachifundo, zimakoma ngati zonona;
G-5 ndi mtundu womaliza wa chilimwe. Zipatsozi zimakhwima kukhazikika mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Zosiyanasiyana sizigwirizana ndi matenda akuluakulu, zimalekerera chisanu, ndizoyenera kulimidwa ku Urals. Zipatso ndi zofiirira zachikaso, ndi kulemera pafupifupi 250 g, ndizokoma komanso fungo labwino la mnofu wokoma komanso wowawasa.

Zithunzi zojambulajambula: mitundu yayikulu yamapira

: Gawo la nthawi yozizira la mapeyala G-1 amadziwika ndi zipatso zazing'onoting'ono, zomwe zimasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala

: Mitundu ya peyala G-2 imakhala ndi zipatso zobiriwira zokhala ndi mawanga a bulauni, thupi lokoma ndi onunkhira

: Gawo la yophukira la mapeyala G-3 amadziwika ndi zipatso zazing'onoting'ono ndi zipatso zowoneka bwino komanso zowawasa

: Zipatso za nyengo yophukira ya mapeyala G-4 wowala wachikaso chowala ndi kukoma kwapabwino kwambiri

: Gawo la chilimwe la mapeyala G-5 ndi losagwira chisanu komanso loletsa matenda

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala a zipilala, omwe angagulidwe ku malo ogulira ndi malo ogulitsira pa intaneti

Mapeyala apakhoma atagunda pamsika, ogulitsa nawonso adatenga mayina okongola, a ndakatulo, chifukwa pamenepa mbande ndizogulitsa bwino. M'malo mwake, awa ndi mitundu yofanana ya mapeyala a columnar okhala ndi zolemba kuyambira G-1 mpaka G-5, nthawi zambiri nambala yawo imawonetsedwa pafupi ndi dzina la mitunduyo.

M'malo athu ogulitsa ana ndi malo ogulitsira pa intaneti mutha kugula mitundu yotsalira ya mapeyala:

Zosiyanasiyana Zokongoletsa - kumapeto kwa chilimwe olimba, kugonjetsedwa ndi zipatso zowola. Adalimbikitsa Kulima ku Siberia ndi Urals. Zipatso zimatha kulemera 260 g, zosungidwa masiku 10-14. Mtundu wa khungu ndi yunifolomu, wachikasu wobiriwira, palibe blush. Kuguza kwake ndi kwamkati, kwamawonekedwe owawa.

Mtundu wa peyala ya Kukongoletsa umakhala ndi chisanu chabwino, choncho umatha kukhala wamkulu m'malo opezeka kumpoto

G322 - mitundu yambiri yamalimwe, zipatso zazing'onoting'ono, zolemera 150-200 g, zosungidwa kwa masiku 7-10. Mtundu wa khungu limakhala wachikaso, nthawi zina khungu limayamba kuwoneka padzuwa. Zamkati ndi yowutsa mudyo, buttery.

Mitundu ya peyala G322 - chakumapeto kwa chilimwe, imakhala ndi zipatso zokongola, zophimbidwa ndi khungu lachikaso ndi bulashi yotuwa

Sapphire ndi nyengo yozizira yolimba yophukira, yogwirizana ndi nkhanambo zagobayo. Kubala ndi pachaka, zokolola zimafika pa 12-16 kg pa mtengo uliwonse. Zipatsozi ndi zazitali, zimakhala ndi khungu la chikaso chobiriwira, lomwe limakutidwa ndi mawanga ndi khungu loyera, lomwe limafikira unyinji wa 200. Amasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala, idyani mwatsopano, komanso kupanikizana.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya paprika Sapifra yozizira kwambiri imasiyanitsidwa ndi kuuma bwino kwa dzinja ndi kusakhazikika kwa nkhanambo

Pavlovskaya ndi yophukira yosiyanasiyana yokhala ndi zipatso zazikulu, zomwe zimadziwika ndi khungu lamafuta ndimakomedwe abwino a kutsekemera komanso kosalala. Kusunthika kwa zipatso ndikokwera. Kupanga kuchokera pamtengo umodzi ndi 3-7 kg.

Zipatso zazikulu zachikaso zokhala ndi khungu lamafuta komanso kukoma kosakhazikika ndizodziwika ndi ngale ya Pavlovskaya zosiyanasiyana.

Dalikor ndi mtundu wodzipereka kwambiri wachisanu wosankhidwa ndi French. Chipatso chakucha chimatha kufika pa 500 g, kukoma kwake ndi kotsekemera, mchere, zipatso zamadzimadzi popanda granulation ndi astringency. Sungani mbewuyo mpaka kumapeto kwa Januware.

Mapeyala a Dalikor ndi akulu ndipo ali ndi mchere wabwino kwambiri.

Kukaniza chisanu kwabwino kumayambitsa mitundu yonse yomwe yatchulidwa, chifukwa chake, itha kulimbikitsidwa kuti ikalimidwe kumadera akumwera, komanso ku Moscow Region ndi pakati Russia. Mitundu yama G-2, G-5, komanso mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zokongoletsa imatha kulimidwa ku Urals ndi Siberia.

Mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya peyala lakhola zokulira m'matawuni

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya mapeyala apawiri omwe tafotokozeredwa pamwambapa, kuti alime ku Moscow Region, msika umapereka mitundu ya Tenderness, Carmen, Honey, Lyubimitsa Yakovleva.

Wolemba nkhaniyi waphunzira mawebusayiti ambiri onga mapira ooneka ngati colon ndipo adazindikira kuti ndikufuna kugawana nawo owerenga.

Zosankha zakunja, monga Night-Werth ndi Dalikor, sizikupezeka patsamba la Chingerezi zokhala ndi mapeyala owoneka ngati koloni, chifukwa chake akhoza kuonedwa ngati oimira mitundu ya peyala G-1-G-5.

Mapeyala a mitundu Tenderness, Carmen, Uchi, Favourite wa Yakovlev adawetedwa ndi obereketsa otchuka a Soviet m'zaka zapitazi. Awa ndi mitengo yayikulu-yayikulu yokhala ndi korona yopapatiza (mitundu ya Carmen, Uchi) kapena wamtali, wokhala ndi korona wofalikira (mitundu Tenderness, Yakovleva Lyubimitsa). Atalumikizidwa pachidebe chachikulu kwambiri, iwo adzatsika, koma sangathe kuphatikizidwa ndi mitundu ya mapeyala. Mitengo siyokayika kupeza mawonekedwe apachifumu a korona ngakhale atapangidwa mwapadera pansi pazipilala.

Gome: Mitundu yamapiri a zipilala zokulira m'matawuni

Dera la grade	Kufotokozera kwa kalasi	Maonekedwe a mwana wosabadwa	Kukoma kwa chipatso
Usiku	Mtundu womwe ukukula mosadukiza wosankhidwa bwino ndi hardness yozizira, umalimbana ndi zipatsozi mpaka 25^zaNdi	Zipatso ndizowoneka bwino, zokhala ndi mawonekedwe osalala owoneka bwino, achikasu achikasu, olemera 200 g	Kununkhira ndikwabwino, zamkati ndi lokoma, yowutsa mudyo, kusungunuka, ndikusangalatsa kosangalatsa.
Sanremi	Peyala yophukira ya peyala, yozindikira dothi, yozizira-yolimba, yogonjetsedwa ndi zipatso zowola ndi klesterosporriosis. Zipatso zimacha kumayambiriro kwa Okutobala	Zipatso ndi zazikulu kwambiri, zozungulira, zachikasu zobiriwira, zolemera mpaka 400 g	Pulogalamuyi ndi yofewa komanso yowutsa mudyo, makomedwewo ndi okoma ndi acidity pang'ono. Amapangidwa pokonzedwa komanso mwatsopano
Chifundo	Ngale yanyengo yakucha chilimwe. Zipatso zimacha kumapeto kwa chilimwe komanso koyambirira kwa Seputembala, zosungidwa mpaka pakati pa Okutobala, zimapereka 8-10 makilogalamu pa mtengo uliwonse	Zipatso zolemera mpaka 150 mpaka 200 g, mawonekedwe amodzi, ozungulira-ovoid mawonekedwe	Dongosolo lamkati limakhala lokoma kwambiri ndipo limakhala labwino komanso losasinthika.
Carmen	Mitundu ya chilimwe, pafupifupi zipatso ndi chisanu, osakhala ndi chiopsezo chambiri cha nkhanambo, kugonjetsedwa ndi septoria, zipatso zambiri	Zipatso za mawonekedwe, mawonekedwe osalala, kukula kwakatundu, mawonekedwe owoneka, khungu lowuma, utoto wokhazikika, burgundy, kulemera mpaka 250-270 g	Thupi limakhala wowawasa pang'ono, wokulirapo pang'ono, wamafuta pang'ono, wowawasa, wowawasa-wokoma, wopanda astringency. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kupanikizana, compote, jamu, marmalade, uchi, vinyo kapena zipatso zotsekemera, komanso mankhwala achikhalidwe
Wokondedwa	Yoyambilira yophukira yozizira yosiyanasiyana, amalekerera chisanu -25^zaC, yogonjetsedwa ndi matenda oyamba. Maluwa amalola bwino masika a masika bwino. Zipatso zimafikira pakuchotsa ndikukula kwa makasitomala mkati mwa Seputembara. Kubala nthawi zonse, zipatso za mtengo umodzi ndi 15-20 kg	Maonekedwe a chipatsocho ndi mawonekedwe apafupi-peyala, osayenerana, pamtunda pang'ono ndi chifuwa chachikulu komanso tambalo pang'ono kutchulidwa. Mapeyala akuluakulu, olemera 280-530 g	Kukomako kumakhala kokoma kwambiri ndi acidity pang'ono. Amayamba mwatsopano ndi kukonzedwa. Mu firiji amasungidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa Disembala
Makonda a Yakovlev	Yophukira zosiyanasiyana, zosagwira chisanu, zipatso zimakhazikika kumayambiriro kwa September. Pakatikati kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda akulu. Kupanga pafupifupi 20 kg kuchokera pamtengo umodzi	Chipatsochi ndichopyapyala, chosalala. Peel ya sing'anga makulidwe, obiriwira opepuka, opanda dzimbiri, zipatso zochulukirapo siziposa 180 g	Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakhala kowawasa-wokoma, amakhala osazindikira pazaka zovuta. Zipatso za Universal, zosungidwa mpaka miyezi itatu

Zithunzi zojambulidwa: Makoko a mitengo yozungulira a Moscow

: Ngale ya Pears yolemera kuyambira 150 mpaka 200 g, yokhala ndi zamkaka zamadzimadzi

: Zipatso za Peyala la uchi zimakhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa ndi fungo labwino.

: Peyala ya Carmen yokhala ndi zipatso zokhazikika komanso khungu lolemera la burgundy

: Zipatso za Sanremi peyala zimakana kugonjetsedwa ndi zipatso

: Peub Lyubimitsa Yakovleva amadziwika ndi kukana chisanu komanso kukoma kwa zipatso

Zambiri monga kubzala (kukonza nthawi, kukonza malo, kusankha mbande, pang'onopang'ono)

Kulima mitengo yotsogola, madera a dzuwa ndi owomba mphepo ndi oyenera kwambiri. Ngale ndiyosakhudzika ndi dothi, koma imakula bwino pamiyala ya chernozems, loamy and loamy. Nthawi yoyenera kubzala ndi masika, mpaka masamba atatupa panthambi. Mizu ya peyala yotsogola ndiyapamwamba, chifukwa chomwe chiopsezo cha chisanu chikuwonongeka nthawi yobzala.

Mitengo imabzalidwa m'mizere: mtunda pakati pa mbeu ndi 0.5 m, kutalikirana kwa mzere uli pafupifupi mita imodzi ndi theka.

Mukabzala zinthu zodzala zobzala, mbewuyo imayang'aniridwa mosamala ndi zolakwika, chifukwa mtengo wowonongeka suyenera kuzika mizu. Chosavuta kwambiri chololera kubzala ndi chaka chilichonse mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka.

Poyala maziko a kukula kwabwino ndi zipatso, mitengo yobzalidwa molingana ndi malamulo onse.

Mtengo wabzalidwa kale kuposa milungu iwiri mutatha kukonza dzenje.

Jambulani mabowo ofunda ndi 70-80 cm, mainchesi pafupifupi 60 cm.
Amakumba dzenje lobzala lomwe linali lakuya masentimita 80 ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 60 cm
Dzenje ndi lodzaza ndi dothi lachonde losakanikirana ndi ma kilogalamu atatu kapena anayi a kompositi kapena humus. Mwanjira imeneyi, amasiyidwa kwa masiku 5.
Dzenje limadzaza theka ndi dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi lachonde losakanikirana ndi ma kilogalamu atatu kapena anayi a kompositi kapena humus
Pambuyo pake, ndowa yamadzi imathiridwa kudzenje. Zochita zowonjezereka zimachitika pokhapokha kulowa pansi. Kenako ikani chothandizira pa mmera.
Chidebe chamadzi chimathiridwa mu dzenje lokonzekera ndikuyembekezera kuti chiloze pansi
Asanabzale, mizu yake imanyowa kwa mphindi zingapo mu chatterbox. Mmera umayikidwa pakatikati pa dzenjelo, mizu imawongoledwa mosamala. Mutha kubzala mtengo ponyowa.
Asanabzike, mizu ya mmera imanyowetsedwa m'dothi, mtengowo wabzalidwa panthaka yonyowa, mizu imawongola
Mizu ya sapling imakutidwa ndi dothi losakanizika mumiyeso iwiri, nthawi iliyonse ikupuntha.
Mukabzala mmera ndi mizu yotseguka, nthaka imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ziwiri, pambuyo pa ntchito iliyonse idapangidwa bwino
Khosi la mizu kapena malo katemera mutabzala ayenera kumera 2-3 cm pamwamba pa nthaka.
Mutabzala mmera, malo ogwiritsira ntchito katemera ayenera kukhala a 3-4 masentimita pamwamba pa nthaka
Kuzungulira mtengowo kumakhala mabwalo okuthirira a 10-15 masentimita, kutsanulira ndowa imodzi kapena ziwiri zamadzi pansi pa mmera.
Pakapangidwa bwalo la kuthirira, ndowa imodzi kapena ziwiri zamadzi zimathiridwa pansi pa mmera
Mukathirira, nthaka imadzaza ndi peat, humus kapena udzu kuti isasokere.
Pambuyo kuthirira sapling, thunthu bwalo limakhazikika ndi peat, humus kapena udzu. Izi zimathandiza kuti nthaka isasokonekera komanso kuti isungunuke nthawi yotentha.

Kubzala bwino kanjedza kumatenga nthawi yambiri, koma kumapereka ndalama zambiri ndikubzala.

Kusamalira mbewu (kudulira, kuthirira, feteleza, pogona nthawi yozizira, ndi zina zambiri)

Kusamalira mitengo yotsogola kumaphatikizapo kuthilira, kuvala pamwamba, kumasula dothi, kuchotsa udzu, kudulira komanso njira zothanirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Maluso a Agrotechnical amachitika nthawi yonse yokula, kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa kasupe mpaka kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira.

Kudulira

Kukula kosamalidwa kwa mapeyala owumbidwa ndi koloni ndiko kudulira kolondola, komwe mapangidwe a korona ndi kukula kwa mtengo kudalira. Kuti muchepetse kuchita bwino, zotsatirazi ziyenera kuonedwa:

kudulira kumachitika ku mtengo wachichepere (izi ndizofunikira);
mmera uyenera kukhala wathanzi kwathunthu;
munthawi yolima, malamulo onse aukadaulo waulimi ayenera kuyang'aniridwa: dothi limapangidwa bwino, dothi lozungulira limakhazikika, kuvala pamwamba kumachitika nthawi zonse komanso molondola, etc.

M'malo abwino oterowo, mutadula nthambi 60%, 2 kapena masamba atatu adzuka. Wina adzapulumutsa mwamphamvu kuti apitirize, chachiwiri - nthambi yaying'ono yopyapyala, yachitatu, ikadzuka, imadzakhala nthambi yaying'ono. Pa nthambi 40% zotsala, m'modzi yekha, impso yemwe ali pafupi kutsina, adzadzuka.
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Ngati simutsatira zonse zomwe tafotokozazi, ndiye kuti mutadulira koyamba, magawo khumi okha a nthambi omwe adzuke masamba awiri, 90% yotsala yokha.

Mutha kudula nyengo yamasika ndi nthawi yophukira ndikuchita m'njira ziwiri:

kufupikitsa kwa mphukira zazing'ono, zomwe zimapangitsa kudzutsidwa kwa masamba ofananira nawo pansipa pamlingo wa cutoff;
kuwonda nthambi, pomwe chitsa chake sichiyenera kumangodulidwa.

Nthambi zanthete zimafalitsa ngakhale mpweya wotentha mu korona

Kudulira kwamasika. Nthawi yabwino kwambiri yodulira peyala nthawi yamalimwe imayamba mu Marichi-Epulo. Pakadali pano, mpweya udziwunda pang'ono, koma impso sizinatupe. Cholinga chodulira ndikulola mitsinje yotentha kuti igawire pamodzi korona wamtengowo. Kwa mtengo wachikulire, kudulira kumatha kuchotsa masamba owuma ndikuchepetsa katundu pamapazi akulu panthawi yophukira.

Kudulira. Monga lamulo, mu kugwa iwo amachita kudulira kwa peyala, pomwe nthambi zouma ndi zodwala zimachotsedwa. Chitani izi mophatikiza kutentha munthawi yomwe mitengo idataya masamba. Ngati izi sizingachitike pa nthawi yake, ndiye kuti ntchitoyo iyenera kukhazikitsidwa mpaka kumapeto, kuti nthambi zisazizire.

Kudulira kokhala ngati kholingo kumachitika bwino kumapeto kwa Ogasiti kapena koyambirira kwa Seputembala, popeza alibe kwambiri kukana chisanu, ndipo chifukwa cha kudulira kwa Ogasiti, nkhuni zimacha bwino.
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Kupanga kumachitika mchaka choyamba mutabzala. Zilibe kanthu kuti zochuluka motani izi kapena kuti nthambi idulidwa, chinthu chachikulu ndikuti kuumbidwa kwa mtengowo kumawoneka ngati mzati wogwirizana popanda kutulutsa ndi kupsinjika:

wochititsa wamkulu samadulidwapo;
M'chaka choyamba mutabzala, nthawi ya masika, nthambi zonse zimakonzedwa kotero kuti zimaphukira ziwiri, kuwerengera kuyambira kumunsi kwa nthambi;
pafupifupi masentimita awiri kapena atatu ayenera kutsalira kwa impso yapafupi kuchokera kuduladula. Magawo amayatsidwa pang'ono pang'onopang'ono pafupifupi madigiri 30. Pakupita kwa chaka, masamba omwe atsala adzakula kukhala mphukira zonse;
kwa kasupe wotsatira, pa chaka chatha chaka chilichonse, siyani mphukira womwe umakula kwambiri, ndikudula yokhazikika molingana ndi mfundo yomwe ili pamwambapa (ndiye kuti, masamba awiri atsalira, kuyambira pamunsi pa nthambi);
Maluwa adzaoneka pamalowo, opendekera kwapafupi, ndipo pofika chaka chamawa mphukira ziwiri zikubwerazo. Mmodzi wa iwo azibala, ndipo wachiwiri amafunikiranso kudula chaka chamawa;
njira iyi yopangira korona ikuchitika zaka zisanu;
kukwaniritsa pang'onopang'ono kukulira korona popanda kukulira, kudulira kumachitika kokha pa impso yakunja.

Ngati impical impical kwenikweni sikukula kapena kufa, ndiye kuti gawo ili lamalirilo limadulidwa kuti liponye mwamphamvu, lomwe limatsalira kuti lipitirize thunthu.

Woyendetsa wapakati akafika kutalika kofunikira (2-2,5 metres), amadulidwa kumapeto kwa chilimwe. Mu zaka zotsatira, nthambi zonse zomwe zimamera pamwamba pa mtsogoleri zimadulidwa.

Kusamalidwa koyenera kumapereka kukula kwapachaka ndi masentimita 10-15 ndi kupanga nthambi zinanso za pambuyo pake. Ndi mtsogoleri wopanda mphamvu, amafupikitsidwira impso ziwiri.

Katundu wazipatso

M'chaka choyamba mutabzala mmera pamtengo, maluwa amatha kuoneka. Kuti mbewuyo ikhale bwino mizu ndikukula, amatulutsidwa. Ngati peyala yamera bwino, ndiye kuti chaka chamawa ndikulimbikitsidwa kusiya zipatso 4-5. M'tsogolo, kuchuluka kwawo pamtengowo kukuwonjezeka.

Katundu wazipatso za chomera chilichonse ayenera kusankhidwa payekha. Ndi nthambi zochuluka kwambiri ndikuchepa kwambiri kukula kwa mapeyala a nyengo yotsatira, kuchuluka kwa zipatso pamtengowo ndikofanana.

Kuthirira

Kuchulukitsa kwa kuthirira kwa peyala kumadalira kwambiri nyengo:

kumadera otentha kopanda mvula, kuthirira tsiku lililonse kungakhale kofunikira;
nyengo yozizira, mitengo imanyowa kawiri pa sabata;
kuthirira, gwiritsani ntchito madzi otentha padzuwa;
kutentha, mutatha kunyowa, kuwaza bwalo loyambira ndi mulch kuti lisungidwebe m'nthaka nthawi yayitali.

Mukathirira, ndikofunikira kuti nthaka isungunuke, izi zimapereka mwayi wopezeka ndi mpweya komanso kuteteza mizu kuti isawonongeke. Nthawi yomweyo, namsongole amachotsedwa ndikumasulidwa.

Kudyetsa mapeyala

Pakukula bwino kwa mitengo ya zipilala, kudyetsa pafupipafupi komanso koyenera ndikofunikira. Amapanga feteleza wa nayitrogeni kuchokera chaka chachiwiri kapena chachitatu mutabzala, pomwe peyalayo yamira ndikukula. Pa izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito urea (urea): 10 g imasungunuka malita awiri amadzi, omwe amayamba pansi pa chomera chilichonse:

kuvala koyambirira kwapamwamba kumachitika mchaka, pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba oyamba. Masabata awiri itatha yoyamba, kuvala kwachiwiri kwachiwiri kumachitika, ndipo milungu iwiri itatha yachiwiri - yachitatu;
dothi pakati pa mizere liyenera kusungidwa pansi nthunzi yakuda. Ngati mzere wopatukana ndi wopitilira mamitala awiri, kuthirira pafupipafupi ndi kokwanira ndikofunikira.

Mu theka loyambirira la chilimwe, kuvala zovala zapamwamba kwambiri za urea zitha kusinthidwa ndi nkhuku kapena nkhuku yatsopano:

mullein ndi slurry amaloledwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi yomweyo, kusakanikirana ndi madzi okhazikika pazowerengera 1: 10. Pansi pa mtengo uliwonse pereka 1 lita imodzi ya osakaniza;
Musanagwiritse ntchito, ndowe za mbalame zimapukusidwa: theka la thankiyo limadzaza ndi zitosi, malo otsalawo amadzazidwa ndi madzi ofunda. Kusakaniza kunayambitsidwa kwa milungu iwiri ndikusunthidwa kwakanthawi. Za feteleza gwiritsani kachigawo kakang'ono kamadzimadzi, kamene kamaphatikizidwa ndi madzi maulendo makumi awiri. 0,5 l amathiridwa pansi pa chomera chilichonse.

Kuyambira kumapeto kwa Seputembala, ndizosafunika kuchita mizu kudya ndi nayitrogeni, popeza chomera sichitha kukhala ndi nthawi yokonzekera dziko lopumula ndipo chidzafa ndikadzayamba chisanu.

Zakudya zoyenera za peyala mu kugwa ndikuyambitsa ma feteleza amamineral omwe ali ndi potaziyamu ndi phosphorous. Mutha kuphika nokha kapena kugula muma shopu apadera:

10 L madzi;
1 tbsp. l potaziyamu mankhwala enaake;
2 tbsp. l granular superphosphate.

Zinthu zonse ndizosakanikirana bwino ndikuyambitsa mu thunthu. Zomwe zimapangidwira zimapangidwira mraba. m

Kukonzekera yozizira

Ngakhale kuti mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala amakaniratu chisanu, ndikofunikira kuwasangalatsa monga nyengo yapakati pa Russia nthawi yachisanu. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka kwa mbande zazing'ono, popeza mizu yake sinakonzekere nyengo yozizira yomwe ikubwera.
Pali njira zingapo zofunikira zaulimi zomwe zimalola mitengo kuti ipulumuke nthawi yozizira ngakhale ku Siberia:

masamba atagwa pamitengo, amachichotsa ndikuwotcha limodzi ndi zipatso zowuma kuti athetsere tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso kuzizira;
kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira, mitengo ikuluikuluyo imaphatikizidwa ndi utoto wokhala ndi madzi ndi choko kapena laimu yofilitsidwamo. Izi ziziteteza makungwa kuti asamathere chifukwa cha kutentha;
bwalo lozungulira laphimbidwa ndi dothi la masamba makumi awiri ndi makumi awiri.

Kuyeretsa thunthu la peyala kumateteza khungwa kuti lisasokere ndi matenda chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha

Zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu zoyambirira mitengo yaying'ono imateteza masamba osabereka, chifukwa ndiwosakhwima ndipo amatha kufa mosavuta chifukwa cha chisanu. Kuti muchite izi, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, matumba a pulasitiki, ovala nthambi.

Kuteteza impso ku chisanu, mutha kuyika matumba apulasitiki panthambi ndikuwakonza bwino

Njira yabwino yoteteza ku chisanu ndi chipale chofewa, chomwe chimakunga thunthu pansi mpaka nthambi zachifupa. Mitengo yaying'ono ikhoza kumakulungidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu, pomwe amaziphimba ndi chipale chofewa.

Kwa nthawi yozizira, mitengo yaying'ono imakutidwa ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu zomwe zimateteza ku chisanu champhamvu

Mitengo yoposa zaka zitatu imafunikira chitetezo chamtengo. Wamukulunga pepala komanso womangidwa bwino ndi chingwe. Kuteteza motsutsana ndi makoswe, gwiritsani ntchito zinthu zounikira kapena nthambi wamba zamtali, zomwe mozungulira mozungulira thunthu ndikuzimangirira ku chingwe.

Nthambi zowongoka zopanda mchere zimangoteteza thunthu ku makoswe, komanso zimateteza mtengowo kuchokera ku chisanu champhamvu

Mmera wachichepere ukhoza kuphimbidwa kwathunthu ndi nthambi za coniferous, zomwe zimatetezanso mtengo ku chisanu.

Matenda ndi Tizilombo

Mapeyala a columnar, ngati mitengo ina yazipatso, nthawi zambiri amadwala tizilombo tosiyanasiyana. Izi zimachepetsa zipatso zawo ndipo zimakhudzanso kukoma kwa chipatsocho.

Kupewa kwakukulu kwa matenda ndikutsatira malamulo aukadaulo aulimi, kuti chitetezo cha mitengo chikhalebe chokwera kwambiri.

Pofuna kupewa matenda, korona, thunthu ndi thunthu lozungulira limapoperedwa kasanu ndi kamodzi ndi njira ya urea yosiyanasiyana yozungulira:

kasupe nthawi isanayambe kukula, yankho la urea la 100 g / 10 l yamadzi lakonzedwa;
masamba achichepere, musanafike maluwa - 75 g / 10 L madzi:
maluwa - 50 g / 10 l madzi;
kawiri m'chilimwe - 50 g / 10 l;
kamodzi mu kugwa, mutagwa masamba - 100 g / 10 l madzi.

Yambani kuphukira kwa kasupe m'munda mutangotentha pang'ono m'mwamba^zaC.

Komanso, kupewa matenda mu April, masamba asanaonekere, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi yankho limodzi la sodium sodium kuyenera, atatha masamba - magawo asanu.

Ngati mbewuyo ikadwala, ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa chomwe chimayambitsa ndikuyamba kulandira chithandizo. Matenda akuluakulu a mapeyala apakhonde, komanso njira zokuthana nawo amaperekedwa pagome.

Gome: Matenda ndi tizirombo ta mapeyala

Matendawa	Zizindikiro za matenda	Njira Zowongolera Matenda
Dzimbiri	Matenda a fungus. Imawoneka ngati mawonekedwe a malalanje kapena ofiira pamasamba	Kuchotsa ndikuchotsa masamba odwala. Pofuna kupewa matenda, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito Mankhwala. Pa chithandizo, masamba amathiridwa ndi 1% Bordeaux madzi kapena fungicides Strobi, Polyram, Cumulus, Abiga nsonga. Kuthira masamba osagwirizana ndi 5% yankho lamkuwa wa sulfate kumathandizanso.
Zipatso zowola, kapena monoliasis	Matenda a fungus. Imapezeka pakucha zipatso mu mawonekedwe a bulauni mawanga. Pambuyo pake, zophukira zimapangidwa momwe spores za bowa zimapangidwira	Sambani bwino zipatso zomwe zikukhudzidwa, kuphatikizapo zomwe zatsala pamitengoyi. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zomwezo monga kugwirizanitsa nkhanambo. Mu nthawi yophukira ndi yophukira, timalimbikitsidwa kupaka ndi madzi a Bordeaux, ndipo nthawi yakula ndi Phytosporin, Topsin kapena Folikur fungicides
Powdery mildew	Matenda a fungus. Imawoneka ngati zolembera, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimakhala pamalangizo a zophuka zapachaka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti pang'onopang'ono pakukula kwa mphukira, kusintha kwawo, komanso kuyanika komanso kuwola kwamasamba masamba ndi mazira	Mphukira zonse zomwe zakhudzidwa zimadulidwa ndikuwotcha kunja kwa malowo. Panthawi yowonjezera masamba, komanso maluwa atatha ndipo patatha milungu iwiri atachira mtengo, korona, nthambi ndi thunthu zimathiridwa ndi fungicides Ditan M-45, Rovral, Tiovit Jet
Scab	Matenda a fungus. Mizu imawonekera pansi pamasamba. Zipatso ndi mphukira zazing'ono zimakhudzidwa. Tizilombo ta pathogen timabisalira pakhungwa la mphukira zoyambitsidwa ndi masamba okugwa	Mu gawo la cone wobiriwira, korona amathiridwa ndi madzi atatu a Bordeaux. Mu gawo la pinki Mphukira - ndi mankhwala Skor (2 g pa 10 l madzi), mankhwalawa amabwerezedwa pambuyo maluwa. Pakadutsa masiku 10 mpaka 14 masamba atakhazikika, kenako patadutsa milungu itatu amachiritsidwa ndi Skor, Khom, Tsineb, Kaptan kapena colloidal sulfure
Zipatso Gallic	Tizilombo timeneti timawononga thumba losunga mazira, pambuyo pake timayuma, makwinya, thukuta ndikugwa. Gallitsa ikhoza kuwononga zipatso 50 mpaka 90%	Nthaka yomwe ili pansi pa peyala imakumbidwa bwino nthawi yozizira, monga mphutsi zambiri nthawi yozizira. Nthambi zowonongeka ndi masamba zimasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa. Ngati ndi kotheka gwiritsani ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo (chlorophos ndi ena)
Green ndi Umbrella Aphids	Masamba owonongeka amakhala m'mbali mwake. M'malo odyetsa mphutsi, mipata imapangidwa, mkati momwe ma aphid amapezeka. Masamba amasanduka achikasu kapena ofiira.	Panyengo yophukira, khungayo limatsukidwa ndi litsiro, ming'alu imachiritsidwa ndi antiseptic, wokutira ndi var, ndipo mtengowo umaphatikizika. Kumbani thunthu. M'dzinja, khungwa la mtengo ndi thunthu lozungulira limathiridwa ndimadzi otentha kwambiri, mpaka madigiri 80. Kukula kwakanthawi kochepa kwamoto kumapha mazira ofalitsa. Popewa kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, masamba asanaphukire, amathandizidwa ndi Kinmix, asanafike maluwa - Agravertin, atakhazikitsa zipatso - Iskra. Pambuyo pake, mankhwala amagwiritsidwa ntchito mwapadera.

Chithunzi chojambulidwa: matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizilombo to masamba ndi zipatso za peyala

: Zipatso zokhala ndulu zimayambitsa mazira amaluwa, kenako zipatso zimafa

: Powdery mildew imakhudza nsonga za zophukira za pachaka za mapeyala

: Pamasamba ndi zipatso, nkhanadzo zimawonekera ngati mawonekedwe akuda

: Kuola zipatso kumakhudza masamba ndi zipatso ndipo kumayambitsa kufa kwa mbewu zambiri

: Aphid madera amatha kuphimba nthambi ndi masamba

: Dzimbiri la peyala limawoneka ngati malo osasamba panja pa tsamba

Nthawi zambiri, matenda a peyala amapezeka mchaka. Kuti muteteze tizirombo, mbewu zobzalidwa m'mundamo - fodya, mafuta a ndimu, katsabola, marigold. Amatulutsa fungo lamphamvu lomwe lingawopseze tizilombo tambiri.

Ndemanga zamaluwa

Ndemanga za owona m'maluwa za mitengo yotsogoza, makamaka, mapeyala ndiwotsutsana kwambiri. Nthawi zambiri pamakhala ndemanga zoyipa, zomwe, mwambiri, zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi kupeza kwa zinthu zochepa kubzala komanso kusamalira mosayenera.

Ndikukula ma PC 12. kolonovidok, 1-2 pagawo lililonse. Chilichonse chinagulidwa pa chiwonetserochi zaka zoyambirira. Mapeyala kuti asalawe kalikonse koma ochepa. Pa mitengo iwiri - yokulirapo. Koma musanayambe zokolola mu "mabatani atatu kuchokera pamtengo!" o bwanji! Koma izi sizitanthauza kuti sizikuthandizani - yesani!
Igor V. Zaika
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Ndinganenenji kuchokera pa peyala yapakhoma ... Mosakayikira sakonda dothi lachonde, - iwo amangokhala onenepa, amabala zipatso zaka zingapo pambuyo pake ... Kapena osabala zipatso konse. Chifukwa chake, simungathe kuwadyetsa. Nthambi zambiri zammbali zimawonekera. Zosiyanasiyana zoned. Zomwe zakulira kumwera kwathu - munjira yapakatikati imazizira. Ndinali ndi mitundu ingapo. Aliyense amakonda kwambiri. Ndili ndi mizati ingapo yokhala ndi nthambi zammbali, zopindika. Zina zili ngati ndodo. Anabzala mwamphamvu kwambiri - pambuyo 15 masentimita 15. Khoma lotere. Onse amabala zipatso. Lowani zipatso nthawi zambiri mchaka choyamba.
Volodya
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Kwa ine, mizati ndiyabwino. Ndi zongokhala kuti ngati muli ndi mizati YODALITSA komanso chisamaliro chabwino, ndiye kuti zonse zitha, gululi ndi msungwana wopanda pake, simudzatsanulira kamodzi kokha, ndiye kuti muzu ndi wapamwamba. Sanadye bwino - sanabadwenso, koma ndi peyala yomwe mudzapezanso mbewu ina chaka choyamba! Apanso ndinena kuti sindikuchita kampeni kwa aliyense, koma kumangoyimba mlandu ndikungopanda phindu ...
Irina 029
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Ndinakulira mapeyala 6 kolonovidki zaka 5, sindikukumbukira zosiyanasiyana. Kukhumudwa kwathunthu: palibe mbewu, palibe kukoma. Autumn idachotseratu chozizwitsa ichi. Ndikuganiza kuti muyenera kudziwa zobisika zaukadaulo waulimi, koma kukoma kopanda pake komanso chisanu mosaletseka nthawi yamaluwa - momwe mungachitire ndi izi?
Oleg P.
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Ngati munagula mmera weniweni wa kanjedza, ndiye chifukwa chogwira ntchito molimbika komanso kutsatira malamulo aukadaulo waulimi, mtengo wokongola wa zipilala wokhala ndi zipatso zosakoma bwino umakula patsamba lanu.