Kutha kukhala ndi chomera chakunja kunyumba kumakopa anthu. Mitengo ya mgwalangwa, mandimu, mtedza umakongoletsa nyumba komanso imakondweretsa diso la okonda zachilendo. Nkhaniyi imanena za momwe mungakulire nthochi zamkati kunyumba, mumsewu. Zithunzi zidzakuthandizani kuyang'ana njira yosankhira, kusamalira, kubereka.
Chipinda chokhala ngati chipinda, chomwe chimachokera kubanja lawo
Malo obadwira nthochi amawerengedwa kuti ndi Southeast Asia. Mwachilengedwe, kutalika kwa thunthu kumafika mpaka 12 metres. Zachidziwikire, chimphona chotere sichabwino kunyumba. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yazochepera mpaka 2 metres imayikidwa mu chipinda. Izi zikufunsitsa funso: kodi mtengo wa kanjedza wa nthochi kapena udzu?
Zosakhazikika mitundu
Tcherani khutu! Banana wamkati si mtengo kapena shrub. Ndi udzu wamuyaya. Zipatso ndi mabulosi, osati chipatso konse.
Zomera:
- kutalika mita 1.5-2;
- masamba okwanira mpaka mita 2, m'lifupi mwake mpaka masentimita 50;
- thunthu la dothi limapangidwa ndi kupendekera kwapamwamba kwambiri pamunsi pamasamba a masamba ena ndi pseudostem;
- thunthu nthawi yomweyo limachita gawo la mizu ndipo lili mobisa;
- nthochi yamkati imatulutsa maluwa kuchokera pseudostem, pomwepo ikangofa itaphuka.
Mtengowu umakhala pafupifupi zaka 5-6.
Mabulosi amapezeka kuti amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matenda a ndulu, matenda a chiwindi ndi m'mimba. Imakhala ndi chofukizira, chomwe chimathandiza zilonda zam'mimba ndi zilonda zam'mimba, ngati mukutulutsa. CHIKWANGWANI chimathandiza kukonza chimbudzi. Potaziyamu yomwe ili ndi zipatso imathandizira pakugwira ntchito kwa mtima.
Zofunika! Asayansi amati anthu omwe amadya nthochi amakhala ndi chiyembekezo chambiri chokhudza moyo.
Poyamba, nthochi zimangokhala m'malo otentha okha. Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1500, apaulendo apanyanja achi Portuguese adabwera nawo ku Europe kuchokera ku Africa. Kuyamba kuzifalitsa kuzilumba za Canary, pang'onopang'ono zinayamba kukhala mitundu yosagwira ozizira padziko lonse lapansi. Kuyambira m'zaka za zana la 16, nthochi zakhala zikupezeka ku Caribbean ndi Central America.
Muli ndi kusamalira ndizi m'nyumba
Kunyumba, zipatso zimamera pokhapokha ngati mumasamalira mbewu mosamala.
Kutentha
Wachilengedwe wachilengedwe wotentha amakonda kutentha. Kutentha kwambiri ndikofunikira kwa iye - ayenera kukhala pamwamba pa kutentha kwa chipinda - 25-30 ° C, osatsika pansi pa 15 ° C. Kutentha kochepa kumachepetsa kukula ndikuthandizira matenda.
Popeza kuti ichi ndi chomera chakumwera, muyenera dzuwa lambiri. Mukamachoka kunyumba, nthochi ya chipinda ndioyenera mawindo kumwera kapena kum'mawa. M'masiku amitambo ndi nthawi yozizira, kuyatsa kumafunika. Ubwino wa kuyatsa umakhudzana mwachindunji ndi phindu mu unyinji wobiriwira. Poyatsa bwino, udzu umacheperachepera, zipatso zimasiya kumangidwa, ndiye kuti sizidzabala zipatso.
Kuwala kowonjezera
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Kutsirira kumalimbikitsidwa kuti zizichitika kangapo, koma zochulukirapo, kuti inyowetse dziko lonse lapansi. Chizindikiro - kuyanika kwa kutumphuka kwa dziko lapansi ndi masentimita 1-2. Ngati madzi amatengedwa kuchokera pampopi, ndikofunikira kuyimilira kutuluka kwa chlorine. Nthawi zina m'malo kuthirira, mutha kukonza malo osambira, monga otentha.
Masamba amatsanulidwa tsiku lililonse m'chilimwe. M'nyengo yozizira, kamodzi pa sabata ndikokwanira.
Chinyezi choposa 65% chikulimbikitsidwa kuti chomera. Ndikosavuta kupanga kunyumba, chifukwa chake muyenera kupukuta masamba tsiku ndi tsiku. Chinyezi chachikulu ndi dzuwa ndizofunikira kwambiri pakulima bwino.
Dothi
Nthaka imafuna tithe kumasula nthawi kuti mpweya upite kumizu komanso kuwonongeka kwa nthaka. Pamwamba woyenera wotengedwa pafupi ndi linden, hazel, birch kapena mthethe. Powonjezera mchenga, phulusa lamatabwa ndi humus, kaphatikizidwe kamasakanizika, kosakanizidwa. Pansi pa mbale anaikamo ngalande, mchenga kenako dothi. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira, lokhala ndi PH.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Muyenera kudyetsa pafupipafupi. Chifukwa chaichi, zinthu zachilengedwe ndizoyenera - vermicompost kapena kulowetsedwa kwa udzu. Zamoyo zimathandizidwa ndi feteleza wa mchere padziko lonse. Chomera chodyetsedwa chimafunikira chakuda kwa tsiku limodzi.
Momwe mungakulire panthaka, momwe zingathere komanso momwe zinthu ziliri
Kutentha kochepa kwa malo otseguka sikuvomerezedwa ndi mitundu yonse ya nthochi zakunyumba. Mwachitsanzo, mitundu yokonda kutentha ya Ecuadorian ife sitimakula. Koma mitundu yozizira yolimbana ndi kuzizira imatha kulimidwa munkhokwe. M'dziko lathu, lino ndi dera la Sochi ndi Crimea.
Basio nthochi - kubzala ndi chisamaliro chake poyera ndi kotchuka ku Japan konsekonse. Alimi a ku Europe nawonso amagwiritsa ntchito kuzizira kwake, komwe kumakula m'mphepete mwa Nyanja ya Mediterranean. Ndi chisanu ndi kuzizira kotentha, mbewuyo imatungidwanso. Nthaka yozungulira muzu siyenera kuzirala.
Basio kanjedza maluwa maluwa ku Crimea
Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani
Ndi chisamaliro chabwino, mtengo wa nthochi mkati wamaluwa mchaka chachitatu cha moyo. Pakatikati pa chilimwe amatha kuponya muvi pakati masamba ngati mawonekedwe ambulera. Pofika nthawi ino, mbewuyi ikhale ndi masamba 16-17. Kuchokera pamtamba wapamwamba pamawonekedwe a mtima kumabwera mantha akulu a inflorescence okhala ndi maluwa obiriwira kapena otuwa. Monga maluwa, panicle imakula ndikulendewera pansi. Kukula kwa panicle kumatha kupitilira miyezi iwiri.
Maluwa amkati a ndizi amasiyana. Kusintha kwa akazi kumapereka "gulu" - burashi yazipatso zomwe zimawoneka ngati nyemba. Popita nthawi, masamba amayamba kugwa.
Zofunika! Munthawi ya maluwa ndi zipatso, ndikofunikira kudyetsa ndi feteleza wa nayitrogeni-phosphoric.
Momwe mungafalitsire nthochi zamkati
Nthochi zowirira nthawi zambiri zimafalikira ndi mbewu, ana kapena m'njira yamasamba. Aliyense wa iwo ali ndi mawonekedwe ake.
Mbewu
Ngati mungafune, mutha kupezanso mbewu:
- kukulani nthochi yachikaso mufilimu ya pulasitiki mpaka khungu lidadetsedwa ndipo zipatso zimafooka;
- kusenda zipatso ndi kudula osakhudza pakati;
- chotsani mbewuzo ndikukonzekera papepala, chopukutira;
- Chotsani mbewu zonse, ndi kutulutsa zija.
- sambani mbeu kuchokera pa zamkati;
- kuthira madzi kwa masiku awiri;
- Muzimutsukanso ndikuwuma bwino.
Yang'anani! Chomera chomera kuchokera pambewu chimakongoletsa kwathunthu - zipatsozo sizoyenera kudya. Ndi njirayi, ndi masewera okhaokha omwe amatha kubzala. Koma udzu wosasinthika udzakhala wamphamvu komanso othana ndi matenda.
Mbewu zimamera mu sphagnum moss kapena coconut fiber. Zinthuzi zimagulidwa m'masitolo apadera, pambuyo pake zimatenthedwa ndi nthunzi, yosakanizidwa ndi perlite, yothiridwa ndi yofooka yankho la potaziyamu permanganate. Njira ina ndi chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 3/1.
Kwa kumera, zinthu zamadzimadzi zimayikidwa mumtsuko, ndi gawo lapansi pamwamba, mainchesi 5-6. Chovala cha mbewu chimasweka ndikamba kapena kudula. Chidebecho chiyenera kutsekedwa ndi polyethylene kuti apange greenhouse. Kutentha kwa masana kumatha kufika 33 ° C, nthawi yausiku - 20-25 ° C. Kumera - njira yayitali, mpaka miyezi itatu.
Ana
Nthochi zamkati zamkati zimamera zokha kuchokera ku mizu, ndikugawa nthambizo kukhala mbali. Ndi kubereka uku, malingaliro onse a chomera cha mayi amasungidwa.
Kubalana kuchokera ku mizu
Zabwino
Mitengo imamera ndipo imamera kuchokera ku chomera chachikulire. Izi zimathandizira pang'onopang'ono ntchito yakucha, chifukwa chake, zipatsozo zimakula m'zaka ziwiri.
Thirani: zikafunika, momwe mungachitire moyenera
Mukamagula mmera m malo ogulitsira, kapena mukadzakulitsa nokha, muyenera kuyang'anira chidwi chofuna kubzala udzu pamene akukula ndipo mizu yake ikukula. Mu sitolo, mbewu zimagulitsidwa mumiphika ing'onoing'ono, kotero muyenera kuziwonjezera mkati mwa sabata. Pankhaniyi, mizu ndi tsinde ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti tizirombo, tizirombo toyambitsa matenda.
Mu nthawi yabwino, mpaka zingapo zingapo zosunthidwa pachaka zingafunike. Chizindikiro cha kufalikira ndicho mizu yomwe ikutuluka pamwamba pa nthaka. Mukabzala mumphika watsopano, ndikofunikira kupanga ngalande zabwino - kusayenda madzi kumatha kuwononga mizu.
Zowonjezera! Kukula kwa mphikawo, akamakula, amasintha kuchoka ku malita 2 mpaka 50. Drainage imayenera kukhala pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a thankiyo. Sichiyenera kuziika nthawi yomweyo mumphika waukulu - kudzaza osakwanira ndi mizu kumapangitsa acid nthaka.
Chidebe chotsatira chogulitsiramo chimayenera kukhala chachikulu masentimita 3-4 kuposa chomaliza. Kuyika nthochi, ndikofunikira kuzama ndikupanga mizu yowonjezera. Zomera zazikulu zimafunikira kukonzanso pamwamba. Ndikwabwino kuyika mbewu pompesa kuti tisawononge mizu.
Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula nthochi
Poganizira zachilengedwe zomwe zimamera komanso kusakwanira kwake kuti zigwirizane ndi zomwe tili, zovuta zimayambira.
Amafota masamba
Nayi ena a iwo:
- Grass imagwetsa masamba. Izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika chifukwa chosowa michere. Ndikofunikira kuchita chovala chapamwamba komanso chosakonzekereratu, ndikusintha mphika kukhala waukulu.
- Malangizo a masamba ayamba kupukuta. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chakuchepa kwa chinyezi. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera pafupipafupi kupopera ndi kupukuta masamba. Ngati ndi kotheka, chinyezi chonse chachipindacho chimakulanso. Kuti tichite izi, timadzimadzi tomwe timayikamo mpweya amaikamo kapena chidebe chotseguka ndi madzi chimayikidwa pafupi.
- Masamba otsika amagwa. Izi nthawi zambiri zimagwirizanitsidwa ndi hypothermia kapena kukhala osalemba. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kuchotsa pawindo lozizira kapena kuwonjezera kutentha.
- Maonekedwe a tizirombo. Nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi nthomba ndi ma spider. Zikaonekera, masamba amathandizidwa ndi tizilombo.
Mtengo wa kanjedza m'munda wam'makomo
- Kuzungulira kwa tsinde kumawonetsera kuzizira kwamadzi mu nthawi yozizira. Pofuna kuthana ndi izi, ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse kuthilira, kuchotsa ziwalo zadzuwa, kuchitira chomeracho fangayi.
- Masamba ang'ono ndi otuwa amawonetsa kusowa kwa kuwunikira. Izi zimachitika nthawi yozizira. Amakonzedwa ndikuyika chomera pamalo pomwe pali dzuwa kapena pakuwonjezera kuyatsa kwakanthawi.
- Palibe kukula mumasika. Udzu ulibe chakudya chokwanira, motero zakudya zowonjezera ndizofunikira.
- Pansi pa tsinde limada ndipo limakhala lofewa. Ichi ndi chizindikiro choopsa cha matenda ambewu. Kuthamanga kwa nthaka ndikuthamanga kwamadzi kumabweretsa kuola kwa tsinde.
Kukula nthochi kuchipinda ndizovuta kwambiri. Komabe, mtengo wa nthochi ndi chomera chakunyumba. Khama lidzadalitsidwa ndikudabwitsidwa ndi abwenzi komanso anzanu ndi chinthu choterocho. M'madera a Black Sea, mitundu yosagwirizana ndi kuzizira ikhoza kuyikidwa mumsewu kuti zisangalatse eni ake okha, komanso omwe amakhala nawo.
Ndikokwanira kukulitsa izi pachokha kuti mumvetsetse kuti nthochi ndi chomera chakunyumba.
