Ngakhale kuti anthu ambiri amanyansidwa kwambiri ndi mapulasitiki, akatswiri a zomera amanena kuti phindu lofunika kwambiri la zimphonazi ndizosafunika. Choyamba, ndikofunikira kwa mizinda ndi malo ogulitsa. Koma kupatulapo kuti mtengo umachita ntchito ya biofilter yamphamvu, imathandizanso kuchiritsa katundu, ndi chomera chabwino cha uchi ndi nyumba yamtengo wapatali. Kodi ndi chiyani poplar, zomwe zimapindulitsa kukula, ndi momwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito - werengani za zonsezi mtsogolo muno.
Mayina ena
M'magwero a zomera, zomera zimasankhidwa ndi dzina lake lovomerezeka. "poplar woyera" kapena analogue ya Chilatini Pópulus álba. Koma mu moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku poplar iyi imatchedwa silvery, chipale chofewa, choyera choyera, chomwe chiri cholungamitsidwa ndi mtundu wa makungwa.
Mukudziwa? Malinga ndi nthano zakale zachiroma, poplar woyera wakhala akuyesa mtengo wopatulika kuyambira nthawi ya Hercules. Kuchokera nthawi imeneyo, pomwe Cacus anagonjetsedwa m'phanga lozungulira ndi zimphona izi, Cacus, nthambi za poplar zikuimira kupambana.
Komanso amagwiritsa ntchito chomeracho amatchedwa "Abele", chomwe ndi chidule cha mawu achilatini akuti "albellus", kutanthauza "zoyera." M'mabuku ena, mayina a "Poplar Bolle", "Bachofen Poplar" ndi ma Chilatini amamasuliridwa: White Poplar, Silverleaf Poplar, Silver Poplar.Taxonomy
Chomera chachikulu chimenechi ndi mtengo wophuka mofulumira Poplar genus ndi banja la msondodzi. Mwafotokozedwe mwatsatanetsatane wa msonkho woyera wa poplar, mabotolo amaonetsa Dipatimenti ya Maluwa kapena Angiosperms a Malpighieves.
Kuwonjezera pa popula woyera, banja la msondodzi limaphatikizaponso msondodzi ndi mitundu yake: kulira, mbuzi, chibwibwi, champhepete mwachitsulo komanso chophimba.
Kulongosola kwa mtengo
Makhalidwe a chomeracho ndi otsika ndi thunthu la mtundu wowala, waukulu wa pyramidal kapena korona wozungulira. Izi ndi zizindikiro zodziwika bwino zomwe mtengo umadziwika mosavuta. Tiyeni tione kufotokozera kwake mwatsatanetsatane.
Makungwa a mbiya
Mtengo ukuyamba kutalika kufika 16-30 m. Poyerekeza ndi korona waukulu yomwe imayamba pansi, nthaka imakhala yochepa kwambiri. Kutalika kwake kutalika ndi 1.5-2.5 mamita. Pansi pamakhala wandiweyani, ndipo pafupi ndi pakati pa korona nthambizo zimakhala zofanana.
Mukudziwa? Pambuyo pa zaka mazana atatu zolima nyemba zoyera, zomerazo zinaletsedwa ku Connecticut. Chifukwa cha ichi chinali mphulupulu ya mungu yomwe imayambitsidwa pansi. Komanso, m'mayiko ambiri, mitengo imatengedwa ngati udzu.
Mbeu zazing'ono zimakhala ndi makungwa ozizira zomwe zimakhala zofanana ndi chipika chosuta. Mitengo yokhwima imasiyanitsidwa ndi pamwamba pake pang'onopang'ono pa thunthu la siliva wowala kapena mtundu wobiriwira. Mitengo yakale ikhoza kudziwika ndi ming'alu yambiri ndi makungwa amdima, omwe nthawi zambiri amakhala wakuda.
Masamba
M'nyengo ya masika, masamba ooneka ngati tsamba, omwe amaoneka ngati mazira amaonekera pa nthambi za poplar woyera. Ndipo pa nthambi zakale iwo amawombera ndipo amawopsya, ndipo pa ana awo amakhala ndi pubescence pang'ono. Kwa iwo muli masamba a mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zitsanzo zina zikhoza kukhala deltoobraznye, ena - ovunda, mazira, mawonekedwe osiyanasiyana. Zimagwirizanitsa zonsezi zowonjezereka za mawonekedwe wandiweyani, kukula kwake ndi mbale zamasamba. Kuchokera pamwamba iwo ali mdima wobiriwira ndi ofewa, ndipo kuchokera pansi - siliva-wamverera. Pafupi ndi November masamba amakhala ofiira wachikasu, akhoza kutembenukira bulauni mu nyengo yamvula. Koma mbali ya Abele ndi yakuti kugwa kwa masamba kumayamba ndi korona wobiriwira. Pafupipafupi, tsamba lililonse lifika kufika 12 cm m'litali ndi 10 cm m'lifupi. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ku nthambi ndi tsinde laling'ono.
Mukudziwa? Malingana ndi zikhalidwe za kulima ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zachilengedwe, poplar ingasinthe kugonana kuchokera kwa akazi kupita kwa amuna komanso mosiyana.
Maluwa
Malingana ndi nyengo, mtengo umaphuka m'masabata omaliza a mwezi wa April-kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Kawirikawiri nthawi imeneyi imagwirizana ndi kufalikira kwa masamba.
Pakati pa zomera zomwe zimapanga masentimita 8, botanists amasiyanitsa pakati pa amuna ndi akazi. Zoyamba zimakhala ndi imvi ndi matalala akuluakulu, ndipo chachiwiri - ndi mtundu wobiriwira. Kuwonjezera apo Mitengo yonse ndi mitengo yokha ndi maluwa. Pambuyo poyambitsa mungu, mbewu zimapangidwa mwa iwo, zomwe zimafika m'chilimwe mokhwima. 
Zipatso
Achenes ali ndi mawonekedwe a khunyu kakang'ono. Pachiyambi choyamba chitukuko, iwo amasiyanitsidwa ndi mtundu wobiriwira wobiriwira ndi dongosolo losalala. Kufikira kusasitsa, mtundu wawo umapeza kuwala kofiira. Kumapeto kwa chilimwe, nyemba zambewu zimakhala zakuda. Amawonekeratu mabala a valve, omwe ali ndi mbewu zing'onozing'ono zomwe zimakhala ndi utali wautali m'munsi. 
Mizu ya mizu
Zizindikiro zofanana za mizu ya silver poplar ndizo mphamvu ndi kutalika. Zimakula malinga ndi momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito. M'madera ozizira, mizu yambiriyi imakhala pamtunda, ndipo mumalo oundana ndi mchenga, zimakula kwambiri, zimakhala zowonjezera. Pansi pa thunthu nthawi zambiri amawoneka mphukira zazing'ono. Zingapezenso mtunda wautali - mamita 20 kuchokera ku mtengo wa mayi.
Zina
Ndipotu, poplar ya siliva ali ndi makhalidwe apadera. Taganizirani zokondweretsa kwambiri za iwo.
Chiwerengero chazitali kutalika
Mitengo iyi imalingaliridwa ndi ambiri kukhala zimphona. Mapiko okwera kwambiri amatha kutalika mamita 60. M'kati mwathu makope apansi pa mamita 19 sapezeka. Thunthu la thunthu lakale likhoza kufika mamita awiri m'lifupi, ndipo korona amatha kufika mamita 35. 
M'mizinda ya kumidzi, zotchuka za poplar zoyera zimayamikiridwa kwambiri. Inde, malinga ndi dokotala wina wa sayansi ya sayansi ya National Botanical Garden wotchedwa N.N. Grishko wa National Academy of Sciences ku Ukraine Peter Bulakh, chomeracho chikukula mofulumira ndipo mosavuta chimasinthasintha kuti chikhale chosinthika ndi kutentha kwake. Kuonjezera apo, chifukwa cha nthambi zopita kumtunda ndi korona wokongola kwambiri, pali malo osungirako komanso nthawi yomweyo kuyeretsedwa kwa mpweya wochuluka wodetsedwa ndi magalimoto. Wasayansi amanena kuti masamba a poplar amatha kutenga ngakhale fumbi lopangidwa ndi zitsulo ndipo ali mtsogoleri pa mndandanda wa mitengo molingana ndi kukula kwa fyuluta ya m'mlengalenga.
Mukudziwa? Pambuyo popala, mabokosi a chestnuts ndi lindens ali m'gulu la anthu atatu oyendera bwino zachilengedwe.
Chiwerengero cha kukula
Mukayang'ana wamitambo wamtali wamtali, zikuwoneka kuti kumalo okwerawo amakula kwamuyaya. Ndipo, zikutanthauza kuti kukula kwa siliva ndi mitundu ina kunalembedwa m'zaka makumi asanu zoyambirira. Mitengo yakale imachepetsa chitukuko chawo, ndipo mu zaka 10-20 amasiya kukula.
Nthaŵi ina pamtunda wochuluka, piramidi ya piramidi ya siliva imatha kufika pamtunda wake msinkhu pofika zaka 25. Kuchokera nthawi yomwe ikukwera imakula chaka chilichonse kupita mtsogolo ndi 1 mamita, ndi m'lifupi - ndi masentimita 40.
Tsopano mungathe kulingalira mmene liwiro limagwirira ntchito mumapangidwe a nkhuni. Zimakhala zothandiza ndipo zimatha kutsitsimutsa ngakhale pamene thunthu limatha panthawi yamkuntho.
Lifespan
Olemba mitengo nthawi zambiri amadzudzula mitengoyo kuti ikhale yotsegula nkhuni ndi matabwa. Mu chisangalalo chakuda ichi, ndithudi, pali choonadi. Koma ngati simukumbukira kuti poplar ikugwa, moyo wa poplar umayesedwa zaka mazana ambiri. Masiku ano asayansi amati mitengo yambiri yatha. zaka zoposa 400 koma palinso zimphona zazaka 600. 
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo ya poplar sichifuna kukonda mpikisano wa mizu yawo, komanso imasiyana mogawidwa mwamphamvu. Ndicho chifukwa chake sakuvomerezeka kuti ayende pafupi ndi mamita 15 kuchokera ku nyumba. Mzu wa mbewuyo ukhoza kuwononga malo osungirako madzi ndi nthaka, komanso maziko a nyumba ndi nthaka. Poplar imakhala yoopsa kwambiri pa dongo.
Mavuto akukula
Asayansi nthawi zonse amayankhula za kuchuluka kwa ubwino wa kupulumuka kwa siliva. Tiyeni tiwone chomwe chiri chikhalidwe choyenera kwambiri pa nyengo yabwino yokula.
Kufalitsa ndi malo
Masiku ano, Abele amadziwikanso ndi poplar m'makontinenti onse mopanda kukokomeza. Mtengo umawoneka m'madera otentha, nyanja ya Mediterranean, yotentha komanso ya nyengo yabwino. Malo ake amakhala pafupifupi gawo lonse la Eurasia, kuphatikizapo dziko la Scandinavia. Mphepete zakutchire zimapezeka pafupi ndi matupi a madzi, m'nkhalango zamphepete mwa nyanja, mapulasitiki, zigwa ndi mabomba. M'madera a steppe ndi omasuka kuti iwo akule pa dothi losavuta. Ndipo m'madera owala, zimphonazi zimatha kukwera mamita chikwi pamwamba pa nyanja. 
Kaŵirikaŵiri, amakhala pamodzi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yakuda ya poplar, elm, alder, tamarisk, koma akhoza kuikidwa yekha.
Udzu, zosowa za chinyezi
Zomera zamtundu, zowirira, zowonongeka ndi madzi abwino ndi osalowerera ndale ndi malo okongola a poplar woyera wonyenga. Koma ngati palibe chomwecho, chomeracho chingakhale chokhutira ndi madothi a asidi ndi a mchere, kupirira mitsinje ya mchenga, kulemera kolemera, komanso ngakhale kupeza mphamvu pa silt ndi miyala.
Ndikofunikira! Mtengo umakhala wovuta kwambiri kudulira mitengo.Chomeracho chimakhutiritsa kwambiri mitsinje ndi nyanja zomwe zili pafupi kapena madzi apansi. Komanso, mizu sizimavutikira ndi kusefukira kwa nthawi yaitali konse. Koma kulekerera kwa chilala ndi mtengo.
Zofunikira za Kuunikira
Mwina ichi ndicho chikhalidwe chokha chomwe chili chofunika kwambiri mtengo wokonda dzuwa. Amakonda kuwala kwa ultraviolet ndipo amafunikira. Zitha kukhala zofanana ndi penumbra, koma m'mikhalidwe imeneyo kukula kwake kudzachedwa. Ngakhale, poweruza ndi kukula kwa poplar, mthunzi sungamuopseze.
Frost kukana
Botanists amakondwerera pamwamba kukana kwa zomera kuti otsika kutentha. Zingatheke mosavuta pa -30 ° C.
Mbalame yam'madzi, birch, larch, Siberiya wamkungudza wa pisitara, aspen, juniper, msondodzi, elm ndi thundu, komanso poplar woyera, mitengo yosazira kwambiri yomwe imatha kulekerera chisanu.
Kuswana
Kupeza mbewu yatsopano imakhala yosavuta. M'madera otentha, njirayi ndi yotheka ndi njira ya mbewu, ndipo m'madera otentha a nyengo, kubzala mbeu ya phalala ya siliva kumachitidwa. Zimaphatikizidwa ndi kuphatikizidwa kapena kulekana kwa kukula kwa mizu. Tidzatha kumvetsetsa zachinsinsi.
Ndikofunikira! Mbewu za poplar zimataya ubwino pambuyo pa chaka. Zinthu zabwino zomwe amasungirako zimakhala zozizira komanso zochepa.Ngati mukufuna zitsamba za botanical ndipo ndinu woleza mtima komanso wokhulupirira, ndiye kuti mutha kutenga mwayi wofesa mbewu. Koma khalani wokonzeka kuti kumera bwino kwa iwo mutangotha kusonkhanitsa. Ndi nthawi yomwe mumayenera kukolola miphika ndi kufesa.
Izi zachitika substrate yamadzi. Pofesa mbewu kunja, bedi ndi lofunika, popanda kuyembekezera mphukira, kuti likhale lopanda utoto wobiriwira wa udzu. Zinthuzo zidzasunga chinyezi ndi kuteteza njere ku nyengo ndi nyengo.
Pamene mbande zikuwonekera, perekani ndi kuyatsa bwino. Pambuyo pake, mumthunzi iwo adzakokedwa kwambiri, kukhala oonda thupi ndi osalimba. Mkhalidwe woterewu ukhoza kuwononga ziphuphu masiku oyambirira pambuyo pa kumera.
Akatswiri amalangiza kuti azikonda njira za mmera pogwiritsira ntchito mapepala kapena mapiritsi. Pachifukwa ichi, simukuyenera kupatulira mphukira zazing'ono m'mitsuko ya munthu aliyense. Koma ngati izi sizinatheke, kusiya mbande za poplar kuti zizikhala palimodzi m'munda, zoyesayesa zonse zidzakhala zopanda phindu. Lingaliro silidzapambana, chifukwa mizu ya mtengo sichifuna kukonda malo, chakudya, chinyezi ndi dzuwa. 
Ndikofunikira! Pamene kudula cuttings, onetsetsani kuti aliyense ali ndi masamba 2-3.Pa njira yobereketsa mbeu, kuphatikizana ndilophweka kwambiri. Kuti mupeze mmera watsopano, nkofunika kukonzekera chodzala mu March. Izi kawirikawiri zimachitidwa chifukwa chothamanga, Choncho, gulu lonse la masamba apical limadulidwa, kenako amangirizidwa ndikuyika maluwa mumtsuko wa madzi. Mwa njira, zamadzimadzi zimafunikira mpaka theka la mphamvu. Ndiye chirichonse chimatsukidwa mu furiji mpaka mutabzala. Monga lamulo, zimachitika m'zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa April.
Ndondomeko yokhayo imaphatikizapo kubzalana momveka bwino kuti magawo awiri mwa atatu a iwo amaikidwa m'manda pansi, ndipo impso 1 imayenera kumbali yomwe ili pamwambapa. Patapita mwezi umodzi, padzakhala mizu yaing'ono. Pachifukwa ichi ndikofunikira kuyang'anira chinyezi m'nthaka.
Mizu yopatukana - njira zovuta komanso zovuta. Kaŵirikaŵiri, imatha kutheka, chifukwa cha kuwonongeka kwa kambewu kakang'ono panthawi yosiyana ndi mizu ya amayi. 
Maonekedwe okongoletsera
Chokongola chosakhala cholinganizira chobiriwira-chobiriwira cha masamba a masamba ndi khungu lowala la popula woyera kumapanga chokongoletsa chosazolowereka. Mtengo ndi wokongola nthawi zonse za chaka. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalo okongoletsa maluwa kupanga mapangidwe, kupanga mapepala.
Mukudziwa? Mahekitala aliwonse a m'minda ya Abele ya zaka khumi ndi zisanu (15) amapanga matabwa oposa 200 m³.Mtengowu umagwirizana bwino ndi zomangamanga m'madera a madzi, ukhoza kukulira pamodzi ndi zomera zina zomwe zimasiyana mosiyanasiyana ndi zokha.
Zina mwa mitundu yodzikongoletsera ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya siliva ndi:
- globosa - ndi mtengo wofiira-wambiri womwe umakhala wokonzedwa mofanana ndi nthambi zazitali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono;
- kulira (pendula) - amasiyana ndi thunthu lapansi ndi nthambi zikugwa pansi;
- Richard (Richardii) - amadziwika ndi chikasu cha pamwamba;
- chipale chofewa (var.nivea) - amawoneka okongola chifukwa cha chipale chofewa cha masamba, chomwe chimasiyana ndi siliva pamwamba pake.
Ntchito ndi katundu
Pulasitiki Yoyera sizokongoletsera zokongola zokhala ndi mapaki akuluakulu komanso madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, komanso chomera chabwino kwambiri cha uchi, chida chochiritsa anthu ndi zinyama, komanso zipangizo zamtengo wapatali. Tiyeni tiwone mwatsatanetsatane chinsinsi cha mtundu wapadera wa chomeracho. 
Chikhalidwe cha malo
Pansi pa zochitika za megacities kugwirizana kwa voti krone amayamikira. Chomeracho chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chitetezo cha moto, kulimbikitsa madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Izi zimapangitsa kuti anthu azikhala olimbana kwambiri ndi chikhalidwe ndi mphepo zamphamvu za m'nyanja. Koma, mwatsoka, luso limeneli limafooka pambuyo pa zaka khumi.
Anthu aphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mwayi wa mizu ya poplar woyera. Ndicho chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amatha kuwona mchenga wa mchenga pafupi ndi matupi a madzi.
Ndikofunikira! Pakakhala maluwa ambiri a phalasitiki, ndi bwino kuti tiyang'ane mtunda wa mamita 3, ndipo pangakhale mipangidwe yambiri, izi ziyenera kukhala pakati pa mizere, ndipo patatha 5 mamitala amera nyemba zatsopano.
Mankhwala
Ngati mutenga mtengo wa popula wamtengo wapatali, masamba ake, matabwa a kunja ndi amkati amawoneka ngati akudya. Malinga ndi asayansi, masamba a masamba ndi ofunika kudzera mwa vitamini C, bast wouma akhoza kuwonjezeredwa ku ufa wophika mkate, ndipo makungwa amachepetsa ululu, zotupa, amakhala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, diuretic, astringent ndi tonic effect.
Ma salicylates anapezeka pamtunda wa phulusa, zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri pamapiritsi ambiri, kuphatikizapo aspirin.
Pharmacology imagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri makungwa a zomera kuti apange mankhwala ochuluka a ma rheumatism, gout, nyamakazi, ululu wa lumbar, kusagwirizana kwa chigawo cha m'mimba, malungo, anorexia, kupweteka kwa msinkhu, kufooka kwa thupi. 
Mankhwala a anthu amalangiza maphikidwe ambiri pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamapulasitiki kuti azitsatira mabala a purulent osachiritsa, abambo, matenda a m'kamwa, mafinya ndi mazira.
Ndikofunikira! Alimi ena akulangizidwa kuti azigwiritsa ntchito chimbudzi chochokera ku masamba ndi nthambi zazing'ono za poplar woyera ngati wolimbikitsa kukula. Njira yothetsera vutoli imapangidwa poyika zida zamtengo wapatali zowonongeka m'madzi wamba tsiku limodzi.
Medonos
Pamene phalapala ili pachimake, njuchi zimamera ku nthambi zake kuchokera kulikonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mtengo umapatsa chiphuphu chabwino cha mungu. Oweta njuchi amadziwa kuti popula yamtengo wapatali ndi yochepa chabe kuti ikhale yocheperapo chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake osasangalatsa. Nyama yamphongo kuchokera kwa amuna kupita kwa akazi imafalikira ndi mphepo. Ndipo ngakhale panthawi ya maluwa, ambiri amadandaula, kudandaula za chifuwa choyambitsa mvula yamapikola, koma n'zotheka kuthetsa mtengowo. Izi zikugwirizana ndi akatswiri a zachilengedwe, ndi eni ake a njuchi, ndi azitsamba. 
Wood amagwiritsa ntchito
Nkhaniyi ndi yosiyana kufatsa, kuwala ndi kruplovernostyu. N'zosavuta kugwira naye ntchito. Mkati mwa nkhuni ndikumveka bwino. У старых экземпляров оно становится бурым и твёрдым. Заболонь по сравнению с ним менее прочная.Lili ndi chinyezi zambiri chomwe chimakopa bowa, tizilombo. Chotsatira chake, gawo ili la mtengo nthawi zambiri limamasulidwa.
M'makampani a matabwa, poplar woyera amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga pepala, zamkati, kutembenuka ndi kujambula, matabwa, plywood, parquet, matabwa, kumanga nyumba, zipangizo zamatabwa. 
Kuonjezera apo, makungwa a zomera adapeza ntchito yake. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga nsalu yachikasu ndi khungu lamoto.
Koma mtengo wapatali kwambiri wa popula woyera ndi Kuyeretsa mpweya ndi kutulutsa oksijeni ambiri. Makhalidwewa ndi amphamvu kwambiri kuposa mavuto osakhalitsa omwe amayenda ndi kuthawa kulikonse. Ndipo makope azimayi okha amafalitsa, ndipo amphongo okha ndiwo amadziwika pachikhalidwe.
