Nchifukwa chiyani Gloxinia ikufota? Phunzirani zonse za matenda ndi tizirombo

Ngati mukufuna kukula gloxinia, muyenera kudziŵa mavuto amene angakuyembekezeni mukukula mbewu.

Mavuto aakulu ndi tizirombo ndi matenda omwe gloxinia amawonekera.

Nchifukwa chiyani gloxinia ikuvunda masamba?

Ngati mukukumana ndi mfundo yakuti masamba anu a gloxinia anayamba kuvundaVutoli likhoza kukhala ndi zifukwa zingapo. Mmodzi mwa iwo amathirira mowa kwambiri zomera. Ngati masambawa akuvunda chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dothi la nthaka, muyenera kusintha madzi okwanira. Mphukira imayamba kuvunda ngati gloxinia imakula mu nthaka yambiri.

Yesetsani kusinthitsa chomeracho, ndikuchotseratu nthaka. Ndipo chifukwa china chovunda chingakhale chochuluka cha nayitrogeni m'nthaka, yomwe imapezeka chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni. Pofuna kupewa izi, gwiritsani ntchito feteleza zokhazikika pa gloxinia, zomwe siziphatikizapo nayitrogeni yekha, koma potaziyamu, phosphorous ndi zinthu zina zothandiza.

Anthracnose

Matendawa amatanthauza matenda a fungal. Zizindikiro zake zazikulu ndi malo ofiira omwe amawoneka mwadzidzidzi pa masamba a gloxinia. Patapita nthawi, mawangawo amamenya mphukira ndi tsinde la mbeu, zomwe zingachititse kuti zisawonongeke.

Ngati mankhwala osokoneza bongo sakulandidwa, akhoza kutsogolera imfa ya mphaka wanu.

Matendawa amatha kuwononga zomera zomwe zimawonongeka kapena kukula popanda kusamalidwa bwino. Kupititsa patsogolo kwake kumaphatikizapo kutentha kwambiri ndi pH kwambiri m'nthaka, komanso kusowa potaziyamu ndi phosphorous.

Pofuna kuteteza gloxinia ku nthendayi, imayenera kupopedwa ndi oxychrome, cuproxate kapena mkuwa chloroxide.

Gwiritsirani ntchito mankhwala osokoneza bongo pambuyo pogwiritsira ntchito, komanso kuonetsetsa kuti chomeracho sichimenyedwa ndi tizirombo.

Ngati gloxinia odwala kwambiri ndi anthracnose, muyenera kuwononga izi kuti zisawe zisayambe kufalikira ku zinyumba zina. Pa nthawi yoyamba, matendawa amatha kuchiritsidwa, zomwe zimafunika kuchotsa ziwalo za gloxinia zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi bowa ndi kuika mbewuzo kawiri kapena katatu ndi fungicides ndi nthawi imodzi ndi theka kwa masabata atatu.

Ascohitosis

Ascochitis ndi matenda a fungal, zizindikiro zake zazikuluzikulu ndi zofiirira kapena zofiira ndi mawanga a bulauni omwe amawoneka pamasamba a zomera. Kukula kwa matendawa kumapangitsa kuti chinyezi chikhale chokwanira pamalo omwe gloxinia imakula.

Ngati mutapeza zizindikiro za mphuno mumatchi anu, chotsani masamba omwe akukhudzidwa ndi kuwotcha. Chitani chomeracho ndi Bordeaux kusakaniza, mkuwa sulphate, kapena fungicides monga Vectra, Abiga-nsonga. Pambuyo masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena khumi, chithandizocho chiyenera kubwerezedwa.

Phyllosticosis

Wodziwika ndi maonekedwe pa masamba a chomera. mdima wakuzungulira kuzungulira kukhala pakati pakati pa bulauni.

Pamene tsamba limakula m'malo mwa mawanga awa, misonzi imawonekera. Kupeza zizindikiro zofanana, nthawi yomweyo zouma chomera, pamene chitukuko cha matendawa chimapangitsa kuti chinyezi chikule. Copper zochokera mankhwala, ndiko, Bordeaux osakaniza, mkuwa oxychloride kapena mkuwa sulfate, chingatithandize kuchotsa phyllossticosis.

Septoria

Kufotokoza matenda chikhalidwe cha fungal. Zimatengedwa ndi mvula ndi mpweya. Mkhalidwe wabwino kwambiri wa chitukuko cha septoria ndi:

• malo a chomera mu chipinda, kutentha kwa mpweya kumene kuli kuchokera madigiri makumi awiri mpaka makumi awiri ndi asanu pamwamba pa zero, ndipo chinyezi ndi 98%;
• kutsitsa masamba a chomera, nthawi yomwe imatha maola makumi anai ndi asanu ndi atatu;
• kuunika kosauka kwa mbewu.

Zizindikiro zazikulu za septoriais ndi maonekedwe a dzimbiri pamoto, ngati dzimbiri, kugwa msanga kwa masamba, kupukuta ndi kuyanika kwa zimayambira ndi mphukira. Pochiza septoria, mankhwala aliwonse omwe amachokera mkuwa kapena fungicide monga benomyl, mancozeb, chlorothalonil kapena maneb, angagwiritsidwe ntchito. Kupanga zomera ndi imodzi mwa mankhwalawa ayenera kuchitidwa kawiri ndi nthawi ya masiku asanu ndi awiri kapena khumi.

Kuwonongeka kochedwa

Kuwonongeka kochedwa ndi chimodzi mwa matenda oopsa kwambiri a fungus. Zitha kufalikira kudothi, kubzala mbewu, zowonongeka, komanso madzi amvula.

Kutengera kwa mbewu nthawi zambiri kumakhala miyezi ingapo chisanachitike kukula kwa zizindikiro zazikulu za matenda. Kukula kwa vuto lochedwa kumakhala limodzi ndi zotsatirazi:

• malo owopsya kwambiri
• madzi ochuluka mu mphika wa maluwa
• chomera chomera kwambiri
• kugwiritsidwa ntchito kosakanikirana kwa nthaka
• kuthirira zomera ndi madzi amvula ndi kupopera mbewu
• kutentha kwa mpweya kuposa 80%
• Gloxinia ili mu chipinda ndi kutentha kwa mpweya kuchokera madigiri khumi ndi awiri mpaka makumi awiri pamwamba pa zero, zomwe usiku zimatsika mpaka madigiri khumi

Zizindikiro zazikulu za vuto lochedwa ndizo:

• Mawanga ofiira pa masamba omwe ali pafupi ndi malo obiriwira
• nkhungu yoyera mkati mwa masamba, omwe amawonetsedwa mu nyengo yamvula
• Masamba owuma pa nyengo yowuma ndi kuvunda pamene wothira
• mikwingwirima ya mtundu wonyezimira pa masamba ndi masamba
• kawirikawiri wilting wa chomera
• maonekedwe a annular depressions pamtengo wa gloxinia pansi pa nthaka

Ndikovuta kwambiri kuchiza vuto lochedwa, chifukwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda sitimayankha mankhwala odziwa mankhwala. Choncho, njira yabwino yothetsera matendawa ndi kupewa. Izi ziyenera kupanga kupopera kapena kuthirira mbewu ndi njira zothetsera fungicides monga kuprozan, polycarbotside, zineb, polymarcin kapena captan. Chithandizo cha mankhwalawa chiyenera kuchitika m'zimene zingathandize kuti chitukukocho chiwonjezeke, ndipo nthawi yapakati pakati pa mankhwala ayenera kukhala masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Ngati chomera chikudwalitsa, muyenera kugawana nawo.

Grey kuvunda

Zizindikiro zazikulu za kuvunda kwa imvi zikhoza kutchedwa maonekedwe Chigole chofiira pa gloxinia zimayambira, mapesi a masamba ndi pedicels. Pa nthawi yomweyo chomera chimayamba kuvunda mofulumira. Zifukwa za imvi zowola zingawonjezere chinyezi, pafupi kwambiri ndi zomera, kusowa mpweya wabwino ndi flattened gawo lapansi.

Pofuna kuteteza kuoneka kofiira, perekani madzi okwanira ku gloxinia, ndi kuwonjezera mchenga, vermiculite, kapena perlite ku gawo lapansi kuti mutsimikizire bwino mpweya wabwino. Pewani chipinda chomwe gloxinia imakula nthawi zambiri, koma musalole zojambula.

Mankhwala a fungicides angagwiritsidwe ntchito pochizira imvi yovunda, kusiyana pakati pa mankhwala ayenera kukhala masiku asanu ndi awiri.

Mame a Mealy

Mame a chimbudzi amatanthauza matenda mtundu wa fungal. Amadziwika ndi maonekedwe onse pa zomera za arachnid mtundu woyera, womwe umakhala powdery. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa matendawa kumalimbikitsidwa ndi kuthirira kwachitsulo kwa chomera, dontho lakuda la kutentha, komanso dampness mu chipinda. Komanso, matenda angabwere chifukwa chodzala mbeu. Ngati chomeracho chikukhudzidwa ndi powdery mildew kwathunthu, ndibwino kuti chiwonongeke. Pa nthawi yoyamba ya matendawa amathandizira kupopera mbewu iliyonse, yomwe siyeneranso kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa gloxinia, komanso chifukwa chaima pafupi ndi zomera.

Downy mildew

Downy mildew, kapena perinospora, amatanthauza matenda a fungal. Kukula kwa matendawa kumapangitsa kuti dothi likhale lakuthwa. Matenda amatha kupezeka ndi kuthirira kapena kupopera mbewu ndi madzi amvula. Powdery mildew ngati mawanga osayera omwe amaonekera pamasamba. Mawangawa akhoza kukhala ndi utoto wofiirira, wachikasu-bulauni, wofiira-bulauni kapena mtundu wofiirira, ndipo wopanda mtundu. Nthawi zina mawanga amakhala pafupi ndi malire ofooka. Patapita nthawi, amawoneka ofiira ndi owuma. Pamphepete mwa masamba, zilumba za powdery powdery zimakhala zofanana.

Ngati zizindikiro zoterezi zikupezeka, m'pofunika kuchotsa masamba onse owonongeka kuchokera ku gloxinia, ndiyeno perekani chomera chimodzi mwazinthu monga Abiga-pik, Bravo, Optimo, Previkur, kapena zina zoterezi.

Kupuma

Zambiri ndizo mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ya tizilombokuwonetsa gloxinia. Tizilombo timadya chakudya chomera, chomwe chimabweretsa imfa. Zizindikiro zazikulu za thrips ndi mawanga, zilonda ndi mawanga pa masamba a gloxinia. Ngati zizindikiro zofanana zimapezeka, nthawi yomweyo pekani mphika ndi gloxinia kuchokera ku zinyumba zina zapanyumba ndikuzigwiritsanso ntchito imodzi yokonzekera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Pazinthu izi, mungagwiritse ntchito "Intavir", "Aktara", "Aktellik", "Fitoverm" kapena "Karate".

Kusamalidwa bwino kwa gloxinia ndi kusungidwa kwa chomera ichi mu zinthu zabwino kudzakuthandizani kupewa kupezeka kwa matenda ndi tizirombo.

Chithunzi

Kenaka mungathe kuona zithunzi za matenda ndi tizirombo to Gloxinia:

Zida zothandiza

M'munsimu muli mndandanda wa nkhani zomwe zingakuthandizeni:

1. Kubalana Gloxinia
2. Bzalani Gloxinia
3. Gloxinia pachimake
4. Kodi mungasamalire bwanji Gloxinia m'nyengo yozizira?
5. Mitundu ya Gloxinia