Anthurium - malo otchuka kwambiri m'nyumba. Kuwonjezera pa kukongoletsera, ndi maluwa othandiza kwambiri, amayeretsa mu chipinda, ngati ionizer. Izi zimachitika kuti anthurium amachititsa chisoni amayi omwe samasamba. M'nkhani ino tiphunzira zifukwa zomwe anthurium samasinthira, komanso choti achite kuti apange pachimake.
Malamulo oyambirira a kulima ndi kusamalira anthurium
Anthurium imachokera ku nkhalango za ku South America. Chomeracho sichimalekerera pansi-zero kutentha, ndi chinyontho ndi chikondi. Amakula ngati chomera chophimba chifukwa cha masamba ake akuluakulu, ofewa, a mdima wobiriwira komanso ma bracts okongola omwe nthawi zambiri amalephera kubala maluwa a humanrium. Kutalika kwa chitsamba, malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana, kumasiyana ndi 30 mpaka 100 masentimita. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, amasonkhana pamtunda wotsika kwambiri ngati mtundu wachikasu. 
Mitundu yonse yomwe masamba, bracts ndi maluwa a chomeracho ndi zojambula, zosiyana kwambiri ndi wina ndi mzake, zomwe zimapanga chokongoletsa chokhacho chomera. Maluwawo ayenera kuthirizidwa, momwe muzuwo umakhalabe wothira, koma sipadzakhalanso madzi okwanira m'nthaka ndi mizu. Anthurium kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino amafunika kuwala konse, kutentha m'chipinda komanso kudyetsa nthawi. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kupereka nthawi yopuma maluwa ndi kutentha kwabwino pa gawoli.
Mukudziwa? M'dzikoli pali mitundu yoposa 600 ndi hybrids ya anthurium, yomwe imasiyana mosiyana ndi mawonekedwe a masamba, komanso imakhala yosiyana ndi mtundu wa chivundikirochi. Mtundu wa buluu ukhoza kukhala wofiira, burgundy, bulauni, pafupifupi wakuda, pinki, kirimu, choyera kapena chobiriwira.
Chifukwa chiyani sizimafalikira anthurium
Anthurium sangakhale pachimake kwa nthawi yaitali (kapena ayi) ngati zinthu zomwe zimakulira sizili zoyenera. Izi zikhoza kukhala microclimate yoyenera, kuthirira molakwika kapena kusagwiritsidwa ntchito kosayenera kwa mavalidwe apamwamba, chophimba cholimba kwambiri, chiwonongeko cha tizirombo kapena kukula kwa matenda. Mlimi amayenera kufufuza mosamala zomwe anthurium amakula, kudziwa chomwe chili cholakwika, ndi kuyesetsa kuthetsa vutoli. 
Chiwawa cha microclimate
Anthurium amamva bwino pa kutentha kwa 18 ... + 25 ° C. Ndicho chifukwa chake zomera siziyenera kulima kunja kwa nyengo. Sikoyenera ngakhale kutengera mphika m'nyengo ya chilimwe, monga momwe imachitira ndi maluwa ena, pamtunda kapena bwalo, chifukwa nyengo imakhala yosadziwika, ndipo anthurium salola ngakhale kuchepa kwa kanthawi kutentha pansipa + 13 ° C.
M'chilimwe, zomera zimayikidwa kotero kuti sizipeza kuwala kwa dzuwa. Maluwa amatha kutetezedwa ku dzuwa povala zenera ndi nsalu yotchinga. Anthurium salola mpweya wouma. Ndicho chifukwa chake malo osayenera m'nyengo yozizira ndi malo a mphika pafupi ndi mabatire kapena zipangizo zotentha.
Pezani mtundu wa mtundu wa mtundu wa mtundu wa mtundu wa mtundu wa anthurium wotchuka ndi wamaluwa.
M'miyezi yotentha ya chilimwe, chomera chotentha chimayenera kukhala chodzaza ndi mpweya. Zimalangizidwa kupopera maluwa ndi madzi pang'onopang'ono kawiri kapena katatu pamlungu. Ndondomekoyi imatha kupangidwa ndi spray (spray) kapena kuyika chomeracho kwa mphindi zingapo pansi pa madzi osambira. 
Kupanda madzi okwanira ndi feteleza
Chifukwa china chosowa maluwa humansrium - zosayenera feteleza. Ngati fetereza imakhala ndi mlingo waukulu wa nayitrogeni, zomera zimayamba kukula mosavuta masamba okha, omwe amapezeka chifukwa cha kulembedwa kwa maluwa.
Ndikofunikira! M'chilimwe, anthurium amadyetsedwa pansi pazu miyezi iwiri iliyonse, m'miyezi yozizira nthawi zambiri mavalidwe amachepetsedwa kwambiri, kamodzi kokha kuvala miyezi iwiri ndikwanira.
Mphika wosayenera
Ngati chomeracho sichimafalikira (kumakula bwino) kwa zaka zingapo, mwinamwake ichi ndi chizindikiro choti m'pofunika kuika mu poto lalikulu ndi nthaka yatsopano. Kuika molondola nthawi zonse kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. 
Momwe mungasinthire anthurium:
- Mbali yabwino yokwanira ya nthaka ndi nthaka ya ma orchids kapena bromeliads, imatha kugula m'masitolo ogulitsa.
- Pansi pa zatsopano, zowonjezereka kwambiri kusiyana ndi zakale, mphika, kuika madzi osachepera 4 masentimita. Kutsukira kumateteza kugoba kwa nthaka mu mphika ndi kuwonongeka kwa mizu. Monga mtsinje, mungagwiritse ntchito pellets, zidutswa zadongo kapena mbale za ceramic. Komanso pansi pa mphika ayenera kuperekedwa ndi mabowo amodzi kapena angapo omwe amayendetsa madzi. Pamwamba pa claydite, mphika umadzazidwa ndi gawo lodzala anthurium mu 1/3 mwa buku lonselo.
- Mwamsanga muyenera kupatulira clod yadothi ndi mizu kuchokera pamakoma a mphika wakale. Kuti muchite izi, kunja kwa mphika kumatha kugwedezeka mosavuta ndi mpeni wa mpeni kapena ndi mpeni pakati pa makoma apakati ndi clod.
- Pambuyo pa nsalu ya pansiyi, mphika umapangidwira madigiri 45 kuti clod yapadziko lapansi ipitirire pang'ono. Pachifukwa ichi, wolima maluwa ayenera kugwira maluwa kuti asawononge panthawiyi.
- Mphukira modekha gwedeza nthaka yakale ndikuyang'ana mizu ya mizu yowonongeka kapena yovunda. Ngati atapezeka, amadulidwa ndi mpeni kapena munda wamphesa.
- Kenaka, chitsamba chimayikidwa pakati pa mphamvu yatsopano yobzala komanso mizu ili ndi nthaka. Msosi wa maluwa sudzaikidwa m'manda. Nthaka kuzungulira duwa pambuyo Thirani pang'ono ophatikizidwa ndi moyenera madzi.
Mukudziwa? Anthurium ndi chomera chomera kumadera ozizira, amvula ndi nkhalango yotentha. Mitundu ina yakutchire imatha kukwera mitengo kuunika pamene ikukula.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Anthurium makamaka amadwala matenda a fungal, koma nthawi zina matendawa amapezeka.
Matenda owopsa a fungo la anthurium:
- Phytophthora - amawoneka m'mawanga pamasamba, nthawi zambiri amapita kuchokera kuzu pamphuno pamwamba. Mtundu wakuda ukhoza kukhazikika, pamene mphukira imakhala bulauni ndipo posachedwa kufota.
- Kutupa - Zikuwoneka ngati mabala achikasu pambali pambali pa masamba ndi spore masango omwe ali pansi pa tsamba la tsamba. Masamba okhudzidwa amadulidwa pafupi ndi nthaka ndipo, ngati matendawa achoka patali, chotsani chitsamba chonsecho.
- Mame a Mealy - matenda a fungal, zizindikiro zimasonyezedwa mu tsamba loyera la powdery. Mame amodzi amaletsa kukula kwa anthurium ndipo patapita kanthawi amatsogolera ku imfa yake.
Pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha matenda a fungal, anthurium akhoza kupopedwa ndi anyezi kapena adyo kulowetsedwa, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito fungicides: "Strobe", "Prestige", "Horus", "Fitosporin-M", "Tiovit Jet". 
Matenda a chiwindi amasonyezedwa ndi kusintha kodabwitsa kwa mtundu wa masamba kapena maluwa, mwachitsanzo, mitundu ya zithunzi ndi zobiriwira, zofiira, zofiira kapena zofiira. Palibe mankhwala odwala tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zomera zosokonezeka ziyenera kuwonongedwa (makamaka kutenthedwa).
Ndikofunikira! Matenda a tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amafalikira kuchokera ku zomera kudzala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Anthurium:
- Aphid - tizilombo ting'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala m'madera akuluakulu, kuyamwa zomera zosapsa, zomwe zimayambitsa imfa. Aphid ikuphimba chomeracho ndi chitetezo chake, mame akuda. Aphid excretion imaphimba masamba, motero amateteza photosynthesis - njira yofunikira ya moyo wa zomera. Tizilombo timene timakula mofulumira, kukhalapo pa duwa kumapereka masamba a chikasu. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimatha kutsukidwa ndi madzi, mwachitsanzo, mu bafa pamasamba, kapena masamba ndi zimayambira akhoza kupukutidwa ndi siponji, mopyapyala sopo ndi sopo. Mukhozanso kusamalira chomera ndi adyo kuchotsa tsamba kapena mankhwala osokoneza bongo, monga "Aktara", "Connect", "Aktellik".
- Nkhumba - tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe tili ndi thupi osati kutalika kwa 0,6 mm. Mankhupakupi akuluakulu ali ndi mtundu wakuda wa chitin, ndipo achinyamata amodzi amawonekera. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi kovuta kuona popanda galasi lokulitsa. Tsambali lopanda kanthu pamunsi mwa masamba ndi masamba a stems limatsimikizira kukhalapo kwake. Kukula kwa nkhupakupa kumaperekedwa ndi kutentha kwachipinda mu chipinda komanso mpweya wozizira, choncho, panthawi ya kuchepetsa nkhuku, ndibwino kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndi kuchepetsa kutentha m'nyumba. Kuwonongedwa kwawo kumagwiritsira ntchito mankhwala a chitsamba ndi tizirombo: "Siyani Tick", "Actofit", "Antikleshch."
Zifukwa zina
Malo otentha omwe amakhala m'malo abwino akhoza kuphuka miyezi 9-10 pachaka. Chimodzi mwa zikhalidwe za maluwa ndi gawo la anthurium dormant nthawi. Pofuna kulowa mu nthawi yopumula, chomeracho chimafuna kutentha kwa 16 ° C kwa miyezi 2-2.5.
Ndikofunikira! Kuti mufewetse madzi mumtsuko wothirira, mukhoza kuwonjezera madontho pang'ono a madzi a mandimu.
Anthurium amakonda kuwala kowala, koma salola kuti dzuwa liwonekere pamasamba. Ngati kwa nthawi yaitali muli mthunzi wonse, simungakhoze kuyembekezera maluwa. Mphika wokhala ndi duwa ukhoza kuyima pawindo lawindo kapena moyang'anizana ndi zenera kuti mulandire kufalitsa kwathunthu. Mawindo onse, ngakhale kumpoto imodzi (ndi zoletsedwa), ndi yoyenera kulima.
Zimene mungachite kuti muzitsuka anthurium kunyumba
Ngati nkulondola kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake anthu okhala kumadera otentha sakuphulika, zidzakhala zosavuta kusintha vutoli. 
Choyenera kuchitidwa kuti anthurium pachimake:
- Kuwala kolakwika. Ndikofunika kutumiza mphika ndi maluwa kumalo kumene kuwala kuli kowala. Ndikofunikira kusankha mosamala malo a anthurium, chifukwa dzuwa loposa likhoza kutsogolera osati kukhalapo kwa maluwa, komanso kuwonongeka kwa masamba kapena mawonekedwe a bulauni monga kuwotcha pa iwo. Mutasuntha chomeracho kupita kunzake, malo osachepera dzuwa, masamba amabwerera ku mtundu wawo kwa masiku angapo.
- Kuthirira kolakwika. Anthurium amakonda kuthirira moyenera. Koma ngati mutapitirira kuthirira ndi kuthirira, ndipo nthaka mumphika imakhala yonyowa kwambiri, mizu idzayamba kuvunda. Idzasiya maluwa. Pofuna kusasunthira mbewu, kuthirira kosafunika kumachitika masiku awiri aliwonse. Njirayi ndi yothandiza: ngati dothi lauma kwambiri, pafupifupi mwezi umodzi mbewu idzakonzekera maluwa okongola.
- Madzi kwambiri. Makhalidwe a madzi ndi ofunika. Momwemo, anthurium ayenera kuthiriridwa ndi madzi owiritsa, otayika. Chomeracho chimakhala ndi madzi owopsa okhala ndi calcium ndi salt magnesium. Zosema zovuta zonse zimawoneka pamene zitha. Madzi a pompopu, omwe amathiridwa m'madzi amatha ndipo nthawi yomweyo amaperekedwa pansi pa mzuwo, akhoza kuvulaza anthurium. Ndikofunika kudzaza tangi ndi madzi ndikupita kukonza, ndikugwiritsa ntchito tsiku lotsatira. Mukhozanso kuthirira maluwawo ndi madzi ophwanyika.
- Kuwala kokwanira. Anthurium, yomwe yaikidwa pawindo la kumpoto, sidzaphulika popanda kuunikira kwina. Kuunikira koteroko kukhoza kukhazikitsidwa mwa kuyika nyali ya pansi kapena nyali ya tebulo ndi "khosi" lothandizira. Ndibwino kuika fitolamp kapena mazira ozizira a kuwala kwa LED mu magetsi.
- Malo osayenera. Mukhoza kusuntha chomera mumlengalenga, mwinamwake sichikugwirizana ndi malo. Ndibwino kupititsa mphika kwa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14) ndi malo ena (makamaka pawindo) ndikuyang'ana chomeracho, mwinamwake udzayamba kutulutsa maluwa.
- Kuvala kosayenera. Simungagwiritse ntchito chakudya chokhala ndi nayitrogeni. Ngati chomeracho chikusowa feteleza, zidzakhala bwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, koma ndi kuchepa kwa nayitrogeni. Mukhozanso kudyetsa zomera ndi zachilengedwe, feteleza, monga malo a khofi kapena mazira a dzira. Manyowa awa sali okwanira kuti apange pansi, ndipo ndikofunikira kusakaniza ndi nthaka. Kuchita izi, pamwamba pa nthaka pansi pamphika ndi maluwa akukula amachotsedweratu kuti asamawononge mizu, komanso kusakaniza ndi feteleza, ndikubweranso ku mphika.
Mukudziwa? Zomera zobiriwira zomwe zimakula m'nyumba, kuyeretsa mpweya kuchokera ku utsi, utsi wa ndudu, kutumikira monga mtundu wa masamba fyuluta.
Malangizo othandiza kwa odziwa bwino wamaluwa
Kulima kumunda kuli zizoloŵezi zingapo, zomwe zimathandiza kusamalira zomera:
- Pamwamba pamwamba pa nthaka gawo lapansi sizouma mwamsanga, liri ndi mulch. Monga nsomba, mungagwiritse ntchito masamba a tiyi ogona, malo a khofi.
- Maluwa ophika amatha kuthirira osati kuthirira madzi okhawo pansi pazu, komanso kukonzekera chingwe cha iwo. Ulusi wochepa kwambiri ndi wautali umagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chingwe, kumapeto kwake komwe kumayikidwa mu mtsuko wa madzi kuti umwe wothirira, ndipo ina imayikidwa mu mphika, kuzungulira tsinde la zomera. Duwa lokha limayendetsa ulimi wothirira, kutunga madzi muzu wosanjikiza ngati pakufunikira. Kumwa mowa moyenerera kudzathetsa vuto la ulimi wothirira panthawi yomwe palibe eni eni.
- Pofuna kusamalira chitsamba chozizira kwambiri m'nyengo yozizira komanso kusatengera kunja kunja kuzizira, akuyenera kuyika thumba lalikulu la pulasitiki pamwamba pa chitsamba, ndiyeno amathamanga spray kuchokera ku chithacho ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Maluwa otetezedwa amakhala otsekedwa kwa maola 3-4, pambuyo pake thumba likuchotsedwa ndipo pamwamba pa masamba amatsukidwa ndi madzi pansi pa osamba.
Yankho limagwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutangokonzekera. Palinso mfundo zokhudzana ndi kudyetsa mizu ya anthuri ndi mkaka, womwe umachitika kawiri pa mwezi. Musanayambe mkaka umasakanizidwa ndi madzi 1: 1.Zowonongeka mobwerezabwereza pamene mukukula anthurium
Kusamalidwa kosayenera sikulola kuti chomera chiphuke.
Werengani komanso kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake masamba amawoneka achikasu mu anthurium.
Ngati anthurium asiya kufalikira, ndiye kuti nthawi zoterezi zingalepheretse maluwa ake:
- kuwala kowala;
- dzuwa lotsatira pa masamba;
- chomeracho sichinali mu gawo lopumula;
- kuthirira kawirikawiri kapena kawirikawiri;
- kukula kwa matenda;
- kukhalapo kwa tizirombo;
- kumwa nayitrogeni m'nthaka kapena kusowa kwa zakudya zina.
Video: chifukwa chiyani sichimasintha Anthurium
