Hosta - ikamatera ndi chisamaliro

Mukamabzala zipatso zakale mdziko muno, anthu ambiri olima maluwa amakonda maluwa - wolandirawo, kapena wosangalatsa. Ngati mulimidwa ndi wolandila, kubzala ndi kusamalira mbeu yopanda tanthauzo kupezeka kwa ngakhale woyambira. Kuti chikhalidwe chisangalatse ndi zokongoletsera zake, kudziwa malamulo amomwe mungasamalire hoste kumayamikiridwa.

Thirani mutagula

Chikhalidwe cha herbaceous chakubala, choposa mitundu 40, chimamera ku Far East ndi East Asia. Kwa chitsamba, malo pafupi ndi dziwe ndi abwino.

Mfumukazi ya Munda Wamanyazi

Kusankhidwa koyenera kwa malowo ndi komwe kumachititsa kuti duwa likhale labwino komanso chiyembekezo chamoyo. Osatha amatha kukula pabedi lamaluwa popanda kumuyika zaka 20. Imakhala ngati maziko olimba a bedi la maluwa a maluwa opitirira maluwa.

Ngati makamu akuswana, kubzala kunja ndi chisamaliro ndizoyenera kuphukira: kuyambira zaka 3 za Epulo - mpaka pakati pa Meyi (atatha kuwopseza chisanu.

Ndikofunika kukonzekeretsa dothi mu kugwa: kukumba dimba la maluwa pa bayonet ya fosholo ndikuwonjezera organic kanthu.

Anthu okhala pachilimwe amakonda kudziwa nthawi yobzala ndi nthawi yake. Ambiri olima dimba amayeserera kubzala kumapeto kwa chilimwe mpaka theka loyamba la Seputembala. Ngati duwa libzalidwe nthawi ina kumapeto, litha kuzika mizu mpaka chisanu chibwera. Nthaka musanabzalidwe imathiriridwa kwambiri.

Kulima kwa mbewu m'mundamo kumachitika m'nthaka yosatetezedwa, baka pamabzala pamaluwa oyandikira maluwa kapena pamodzi ndi oteteza nthaka ndi ferns. Ena wamaluwa amalima hosta m'machubu, maudzu maluwa, muli. Amakongoletsa malowa ndi nyimbo zoyambirira.

Chitani ku tub

Chomera chamuyaya sichimawopa nyengo yozizira. Zikhalidwe kapena ma rhizomes omwe amagulidwa m'miphika amabzala pabedi kumapeto pomwe mpweya umawotha mpaka + 12 ... +14 ° С. Anthu achikulire ogula m'munda safuna malo osungira nyengo yachisanu.

Hosta sakonda kusayenda kwamadzi, kuthilira kwamadzi nthaka, mphepo yamphamvu. Thirani maluwa m'mawa pansi pazu.

Malo abwino

Chifukwa chotsatsira omwe akukhala ndi yabwino:

• malo mthunzi wocheperako omwe amathawira mphepo;
• nthaka ya humus, yokhala ndi ngalande, yonyowa, yokhala ndi pH yopanda mbali kapena ya asidi. Duwa la hosta silimakula bwino pa dongo lolemera komanso mchenga. Dothi losakanikirana liyenera kuphatikizapo mulingo wofanana humus, peat, vermiculite, tsamba la turf. Mbewu ngati feteleza.

Ndikofunika kuti pakhale dimba la maluwa pamalo otetezedwa: udzu kumbuyo kwa nyumba kapena dziwe, kumpoto kwa dimba. Koma mitundu yosiyanitsidwa ndi mitundu yambiri imafunikira kuwala kwa dzuwa kuti ikhale yowala. Mitundu ya buluu ndi imvi, mthunzi ndi woyenera, amakhala ndi kuwala kokwanira maola awiri patsiku. Zimatengera mthunzi pang'ono wa momwe masamba amakulira, pomwe pang'onopang'ono pakukula kwa chitsamba. Wogulitsayo adzavulazidwa ndi dzuwa lowala tsiku lonse - kuwotcha masamba ndikotheka.

Kusankha malo ndi gawo lofunikira mu chipambano, lomwe limakuuzani m'mene mungabyala mwaluso. Dzuwa limayang'anira mtundu wolondola, koma limathandizira kukalamba kapena kuwononga masamba. Chikhalidwe choyenera kwambiri ndi mthunzi komanso pang'ono.

Kukula padzuwa lathunthu sikoyenera kuzomera. Mitundu ina imafuna kuwala kambiri ndi chisamaliro chapadera: gawo lapansi lonyowa nthawi zonse kuti lidyetse madzi chifukwa chakuwuluka msanga.

Kuti mukule chomera padzuwa, muyenera:

• konzani dothi lokhala ndi kompositi;
• gwiritsani mulch kuteteza dothi kuti lisamatenthe kwambiri komanso lizuluka chinyezi.

Mukakulitsa mbewu m'munda wamaluwa wamdima, mtundu wa tsamba la masamba amasintha pansi:

• magulu achikasu azilandira masamba oyera;
• mitundu yamtambo, masamba amasinthana.

Mitundu ya chikasu imagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa ultraviolet m'mawa ndi masana. Ndikofunikira kukulitsa mitundu yamitundu yambiri pamithunzi yopanda. Mitundu yopanda utoto (Mtundu wa Ulemerero, Supernova, George Smith, Tokudama Aureonebulosa, Dance ndi Me) apezeka pa maluwa osavomerezeka ndi dzuwa.

Pang'onopang'ono ikamatera

Mukabzala, omwe amakhala m'munda wamaluwa wotseguka amatsogozedwa ndi gawo limodzi. Zidzafunika:

1. Kumbani mabowo mu masentimita 40-60 masentimita wamba ndi 90-100 masentimita amitundu yayitali.
2. Dzazani peat m'magawo 2/3 ndi peat kapena kompositi.
3. Thirirani mbande, chotsani mu dothi limodzi ndi mtanda wina, fufuzani ogawikayo kuti awononge kapena kuwola mizu.
4. Ikani mbande mumabowo.
5. Wongoletsani mizu, kuphimba ndi nthaka, madzi.
6. Ikani mulch mu nthaka pafupi ndi mmera - utuchi kapena khungwa.

Zomera zodzala zimasankhidwa mosamala. Mizu ya 10 cm masentimita. Ndikofunika kuti mmera ukhale ndi masamba awiri kapena atatu.

Momwe mungasankhire katundu wobzala

Mukabzala, unyinji wa impso umakhala pamtunda wa dothi. Ngati ndi kotheka, onjezani dothi pansi pazu.

Kubzala mbewu kasupe m'nthaka yosatetezedwa kumatsimikiziridwa ndi nyengo komanso kutentha kwa mpweya. Ku Urals, imagwera kumapeto kwa nyengo yachilimwe kapena nthawi yachilimwe, ku Krasnodar Territory, ntchito imayambitsidwa masiku khumi apitawo a Epulo, ku Moscow Region mpaka Meyi 15.

Kusamalira Kunja

Njira yothirira

Kusamalira omwe akukhala nawo kumaphatikizaponso kuthirira. Amayang'anira kukongola kwa masamba, kukula, kudzaza mphamvu. Popeza sipangakhale vuto kuthirira omwe amapanga makamuwo kuti akwaniritse, kuyesa kupewa kupita pama tsamba.

Kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwalawa kumathandiza kuti sera zisamatulidwe. Izi ndizofunikira kwambiri kwa mitundu yamtambo yomwe sera yomwe imasankha mtundu. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumachepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus komanso masamba a dzuwa.

Ndikofunika kuthirira mbewu yake panthaka; dothi liyenera kukhala linyowa pang'ono.

Kuthirira pansi pa muzu

Nthawi yabwino yothirira duwa ndikufika 11 koloko m'mawa. Ngati pali mitambo kunja, imaloledwa masana. Kupanda kutero, amatha kuwotcha ngati madontho amadzi agwa pamasamba.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Mukakulima omwe akukongoletsani, chisamaliro chimazindikira mawonekedwe ake. Kugwiritsa ntchito umuna kumakongoletsa duwa. Ndikofunika kudyetsa chomera katatu pachaka chamasamba:

• pakukula;
• mu gawo la maluwa;
• pambuyo maluwa.

Zogwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi nayitrogeni (N), potaziyamu (K), phosphorous (P). Humus imayambitsidwanso, yomwe imadyetsedwa mu kugwa. Zamoyo zimakonda kuposa mavalidwe apamwamba amamineral. Chachikulu ndichakuti musachite mopambanitsa. Kubwereza pafupipafupi kapena kubwezeretsani kwambiri ndi komwe kumayambitsa kuyaka.

Izi zimakhudza mtundu wamasamba, kulemera kwake, kutanuka. Maluwa safuna kudya kambiri. Manyowa mchaka kangapo kapena gwiritsani ntchito recharge.

Ndikofunika kusunga kuchuluka kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu mukathira feteleza yemwe akuchitikayo. Kuchulukitsa kwa nayitrogeni kumabweretsa kuwunikira ndi kukokoloka kwa pigment, chifukwa chake amadyetsedwa m'magawo awiri: kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, mpaka masamba atapangidwa. Mu gawo la saponization ndi hibernation, manyowa ndi humus. Monga gawo la mchere, othandizira omwe ali ndi nitrogen okhutira kuphatikiza calcium calcium amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe amawonjezedwa popanga zophukira zoyambirira.

Malinga ndi mayankho a anthu okhala nthawi yachilimwe, kwa mbewu zazikulu ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ochepa pa mbewu imodzi, pazomera zing'onozing'ono - zochepa, zamaluwa yaying'ono, supuni yokwanira.

Munthawi ya kasupe ndi nthawi yachilimwe, madontho a makamu amatengera muyeso wa zopezeka m'zakudya (phosphorous, potaziyamu, nayitrogeni) paziwerengero: 1: 1: 1, 1: 1: 2 kapena 1: 2: 1.

Nthawi iyi ndiyoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zotsatira zazitali, mwachitsanzo, Osmokot.

Osmocote - kuvala kwamaluwa

Kuphatikiza apo, ndikofunikira kuphatikiza manyowa ndi mafuta owonjezera kawiri kawiri. Mafuta othandizira othandizira zakudya zabwino amakhala abwino. Zakudya zophatikiza ndi nitrogeni zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira ndizabwino kwa mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi masamba obiriwira kapena achikasu.

Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito molondola kwa makamu amtambo wabuluu. Amathandizira kusintha kuchokera ku mtundu wamtundu wobiriwira kukhala wobiriwira. Mitundu ya buluu, kuvala pamwamba ndi NPK yoyenera ndikoyenera.

Zachilengedwe ndizachilengedwe yaying'ono - ndi macrocell. Imatsimikizira chitetezo cha duwa. Zomera ndizovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuti tisunge chiyezo cha NPK chofunikira, kupewa kupewa kusintha masamba.

Mukabzala malo okhala ndi nthaka yachonde, saganiza za feteleza kwa zaka 3-4. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwa organic kumachitika mu zaka 5 kumapeto, kumapeto kwa masika kumayambitsidwa mu mulch:

• zitsamba;
• kompositi
• udzu;
• peat;
• manyowa ochulukirapo.

Kukula ndi kutsika kwa akuluakulu zimawonongeka, feteleza wopukutira amayalowetsedwa mu dothi lotayirira, pomwe zigawo zake zimapezekanso. Kenako duwa limapukutidwa kwambiri pansi pa muzu.

M'masitolo, ndizosavuta kupeza feteleza wapadera mumadzimadzi amadzimadzi ndi mic-, ndi macroelements opanga zokongoletsera komanso zokongoletsera. Amakhala ndi maluwa, amathandizira pakukula bwino, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe ndi mawonekedwe, kusiyana kwa masamba ophatikizika.

Pa maluwa

Ngati makamu akupanga chisamaliro cha maluwa ndikulima nthawi ya maluwa akuphatikiza:

• Kuchotsa udzu ndi kulima mwadongosolo;
• kudyetsa ndi feteleza wosungunuka wa madzi;
• hydrate pafupipafupi: kawiri pa sabata, ndi chilala kumachulukitsa kuchuluka;
• kumasulidwa ku maluwa akale;
• kuwongolera tizilombo.

Kukula kwamtundu wamitundu yambiri pabedi lamaluwa kumawonjezera mantha kuti mbewu zitha kukhudzidwa ndi matenda komanso tizilombo toopsa. Ndikofunika kusankha mosamala kubzala zinthu, kuyang'ana maluwawo nthawi ndi nthawi.

Kuti musunge mawonekedwe a wolandirayo, chotsani mivi ndi masamba.

Ochititsa maluwa

Panthawi yopuma

Mbewuyo ikamaliza kuphuka, kuchotsedwa kwa nthawi yake pamtengo kumachitika, kuteteza chitsamba.

Chaka chilichonse m'dzinja, mitundu yazakale yomwe imakula kwambiri imasinthidwa. Kufalitsa maluwa kumachitika ndikugawa chitsamba. Gululi limathiriridwa mokulira, kukunidwa ndikugawika magawo. Gawo lirilonse limaphatikizapo zigawo ziwiri, komanso mizu.

Momwe mungagawireko omwe akubwera

Bzalani mbewu mpaka pakati pa Seputembala. Mpaka kuzizira kudza, mbande zimayenera kuzika mizu ndikukonzekera nyengo yachisanu.

Dothi louzika limasankhidwa kukhala lachonde komanso lopuma. Zabwino ndi ogawa moisturize ndi mulch ndi mchenga kapena utuchi.

Kukonzekera yozizira

Kukonzekera kwamaluwa kolondola nthawi yachisanu kumayamikiridwa. Ndikofunikira kuti muchepetse mphukira zamaluwa, kuwaza dothi pafupi ndi hoste ndi masamba, utuchi, peat. Kudulira mitengo sikuchitika.

Kukonzekera nyengo yachisanu

Chipale chofewa chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphatikiza tchire. Amaphimba nyumbayo ndi ma spruce paws. Ndiosafunika kuphimba zachikhalidwe ndi filimu - kulowa kwa mpweya kumatsekedwa, zinthu zimapangidwa kuti tizirombo tizitha kupulumuka.

Olima ena amagulitsa chimacho nthawi yachisanu mu phukusi la maluwa ndikulima kunyumba pazenera. Komabe, malingaliro a wamaluwa amasiyana pakakhala kuti wolandirayo akhoza kukhala wachikhalidwe chachipinda. Malinga ndi munthu aliyense wokhala pachilimwe, duwa limangokhala lokongola kwambiri. Alimi ena amalankhula molimba mtima za kuthekera kokukula ngati chomera cha mphika, ngati malamulo aukadaulo azitsatira atsatiridwa.

Nkhani yakuchotsa masamba ndikutsutsana pakati pa alimi. M'malo otentha, masamba amachotsedwa muzu kuti ateteze mbewuzo kuzomera zobisika zobiriwira. Kumpoto, masamba ndikofunikira kuchoka ndikuteteza ku chisanu.

Mfumukazi yomwe ili m'minda yazithunzi imatsegulira mwayi wamaluwa wamaluwa. Maluwa omwe ali ndi chidwi chodzikongoletsera amakongoletsa kanyumba kanyengo ndipo amasangalatsa eni ake ndi odutsapo kwa nthawi yayitali, mukatsatira malangizo osavuta ndi malingaliro osamalira.