Cherry Rovesnitsa amagawidwa kwambiri m'minda yamafakitale ya Central Black Earth dera ndi Belarus. Omwe alimi ambiri amalimanso m'minda yawo, chifukwa limakhala ndi zabwino zambiri. Kodi zabwino izi ndi momwe mungakulire chitumbuwa - uzani owerenga.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Cherry osiyanasiyana amsinkhu womwewo adalandiridwa ndi All-Russian Research Institute for Fruit Crop Breeding (VNIISPK) powoloka Mitundu 11 ndi Zida Zazikulu Zida. Kukoma kwa zipatso ndi kukana matenda oyamba ndi fungus zimabadwa kuchokera kwa kholo loyamba, ndipo zokolola ndi chisanu zimakana kuchokera kwa kholo lachiwiri. Zosiyanasiyana zakhala zikupezeka mu State Register ya Russia kuyambira mu 1986, zakhala zikupezeka m'chigawo cha Central Black Earth, ndipo kuyambira 2006 zakhala zikuyesa Republic of Belarus.
Kutalika kwa mtengowo kuli pafupifupi mamita atatu. Pyramidal kumbuyo kwa Crohn, wofunda pakati, wokwezeka. Ma ovari amapangira nthambi zamaluwa komanso zophuka pachaka. Maluwa amawonedwa pakati pa Meyi (17-21), kucha kwa zipatso - mkati mwa Julayi (12-15). Zosiyanazi ndizodzala zokha (gawo lodzipangira nokha limafotokozedwa m'kaundula wa State), koma kukhalapo kwa oponyera mungu (Novodvorskaya, Vyanok, Turgenevka) kumathandizira pakukula kwa zipatso. Mlingo wokhwima ndi zaka 3-4 mutabzala. Zokolola zapakatikati ndi 40 kg / ha, okwera - 64 kg / ha. Mtengo umodzi umatulutsa zipatso 20, ndipo malinga ndi maphunziro a Belarus Institute for Kukula Zipatso - mpaka 34 kg.
Kutalika kwa mtengo wamatchera a m'badwo womwewo pafupifupi mamita atatu
M'badwo womwewo umakhala wamphamvu matabwa ndi sing'anga - zipatso, komanso kulekerera kwachilala. Malinga ndi VNIISPK, mitunduyi imagwirizana kwambiri ndi cococycosis komanso sing'anga wolimbana ndi moniliosis, ndipo Belarusian Institute for Fruit Kukula imati izi ndizosemphana kwambiri ndi cocciycosis komanso mkulu - ku moniliosis.
Zipatso za msinkhu womwewo ndizochepa - avareji ya 3,3,5,5 magalamu. Maonekedwe awo ndi ozungulira, utoto ndi maroon. Mwala wawung'ono (0.2 g) umasiyanitsidwa mosavuta ndi mabulosi, kudzipatula kwa peduncle kumakhala kowuma. Guwa ndi wandiweyani, wowawasa wokhala ndi kukoma kosangalatsa komanso kowawasa.. Kuyesa kwa olamulira - 4.6 point. Zomwe zili ndi shuga ndi 11.0-11,5%, ma acid - 1.25-1.411%, ascorbic acid - 4.1 mg / 100g.
Zipatso za chitumbuwa. Msinkhu wofanana ndi wamtundu wa maroon.
Ubwino ndi zoyipa zosiyanasiyana
Mwachidule, titha kusiyanitsa zabwino zotsatirazi za chitumbuwa cha m'badwo womwewo:
- chonde;
- hardness yozizira;
- kulekerera chilala;
- kunyansidwa;
- zokolola;
- kukana cococycosis ndi moniliosis;
- kulawa kwabwino komanso zipatso.
Zofooka zinaulula pang'ono:
- pafupifupi yozizira hardiness zipatso masamba;
- osati zipatso zazikulu kwambiri.
Kubzala yamatcheri oyipa
Malamulo obzala zipatso zamtundu wa Rovesnitsa ndi ofanana ndi malamulo obzala mbewu zamtunduwu. Tiwafotokozera mwachidule.
Kusankha kwampando
Malo abwino amtengo wamatchuthi ali ndi malo pang'ono kapena kumwera chakumadzulo, otetezedwa ku mphepo yozizira, yoyatsidwa bwino, osasunthika ndi madzi komanso kusefukira. Dothi labwino kwambiri ndi locheka wamchenga ndi loam wokhala ndi acidity pafupi ndi ndale (pH 6.5-7.0).
Kutambalala
M'minda yamafakitale, mkazi wazaka zofanana amabzalidwa patatu 3 x 5 mita.. Pakulima minda ndi dimba, kutalikirana kwa mizere kungachepetsedwe mpaka atatu - mita ndi theka, koma ziyenera kumvetsedwa kuti kusamalira mitengo panjira imeneyi kumakhala kovuta.
Nthawi yayitali
M'chigawo cha Central Black Earth ndi Belarus, chitumbuwachi chimabzalidwa pansi kumayambiriro kwa kasupe nthawi yophukira isanayambe, i.e masamba asanathere. Mbande yokhala ndi mizu yotsekeka (mumakontena) imabzalidwa nthawi iliyonse nthawi yakula.
Tsatane-tsatane malangizo amafikira
Kuti mubzale mmera, muyenera kukonzekera dzenje lodzala (m'mimba mwake 70-80 cm, kuya 60-70 cm) kwa masabata osachepera atatu, ndipo pobzala masika izi zimachitika kumapeto. Imadzazidwa ndi mitundu yosakaniza (humus, kompositi), peat, chernozem ndi mchenga mu chiyerekezo cha 2: 2: 2: 1. Ndikulangizidwa kuti muyambe kuyika miyala yosweka (dongo yokulitsidwa, njerwa yosweka, ndi zina) ndi makulidwe a 10-15 masentimita kwa pangani ngalande. Chifukwa chake kubzala kwamatcheri:
- Maola angapo asanabzike, mizu ya mmera uyenera kunyowa mu njira ya Zircon kapena chowonjezera chofananira.
- Bowo likukumba mu dzenje lokwanira kuti muzu wa mbande yokhala ndi mizu yoyala nakhazikikamo, ndipo mtunda wa dothi umathiridwa pakati pake.
- Pamtunda winawake kuchokera pakati, mtengo 1-1.3 mita wamtunda umayendetsedwa mkati.
- Mmera umalowetsedwa mu dzenje ndi khosi la mizu pamulu wokutidwa ndi lapansi, ndikuupanga. Khosi la mizu liyenera kutha kufalikira. Ndikothekera kuyendetsa izi mothandizidwa ndi njanji yomwe idawolokera kudzenje.
- Chomera chimamangidwa ndi msomali kuti khungwa lisasunthidwe. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito zotanuka (zoluka, zopindika ndi zina zambiri).
- Pathanthwe loumbika limapangidwa mozungulira thunthu kuti lizithirira madzi, kenako amathiridwe madzi ambiri. Ndikofunikira kudzaza bwalo loyandikana nalo 2-3 nthawi ndi madzi mutatha kuyamwa kwathunthu - izi zitsimikiza kuti dothi lolimba liyenera kuzika mizu komanso kusapezeka kwa mpweya wolakwika.
Pathanthwe loumbika limapangidwa mozungulira thunthu kuti lizithirira madzi, kenako amathiridwe madzi ambiri.
- Kenako dothi laphikidwa ndi zinthu zoyenera, mwachitsanzo, humus, udzu, mankhusu a mpendadzuwa kapena bulwheat, etc.
- Woyendetsa wapakati amadulidwa mpaka kutalika kwa 0.8-1.2 m, nthambi zimadulidwa pakati.
Maonekedwe a kulima ndi zochenjera za chisamaliro
Monga kukafika, kusamalira zaka zofanana si kovuta, sikutanthauza njira ndi maluso apadera. Amakhala ndi zochitika zikhalidwe zofunikira - kuthilira, kuvala pamwamba, kudulira.
Kuthirira
Popeza zosiyanasiyana ndizopirira chilala, sizifunikira kuthirira pafupipafupi. Ndikokwanira kuthirira chitumbuwa chisanayambe maluwa, kenanso kawiri mutatha maluwa ndi kutalika kwa masabata awiri. Ngati dzinja lili louma komanso lotentha, ndiye kuti kuthirira 1-2 mutakolola sikungawonongeke. Mu nthawi yophukira, mbewu zonsezo, zimayendetsa ulimi wothirira madzi chisanachitike. Pambuyo kuthirira, dothi liyenera kumasulidwa kuti lipereke mpweya wofikira kumizu. Komanso ndikofunika kuti mulch mitengo ikuluikulu yozungulira.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Monga mwachizolowezi, mchaka cha 3-4 mutabzala, amayamba kudya mtengowo.
Gome: Ndondomeko ya Cherry feteleza
| Madeti Ogwiritsa Ntchito | Mitundu ya feteleza | Njira Yogwiritsira Ntchito | Mlingo komanso pafupipafupi |
| Masika, maluwa asanakhale | Organic (kompositi, humus) | Pansi kukumba | 5-7 kg / m2kamodzi zaka 3-4 |
| Nitrogen feteleza (urea, ammonium nitrate) | 20-30 g / m2pachaka | ||
| Hafu yachiwiri ya Meyi, itayamba maluwa | Feteleza michere ya Potash (potaziyamu monophosphate, potaziyamu sodium) | Sungunulani m'madzi mukathirira | 10-20 g / m2pachaka |
| Juni | Kulowetsedwa kwa udzu (namsongole, nsonga) m'madzi. Ikani udzu mu mbiya, mudzazeni ndi madzi ofunda ndikuumirira kwa sabata limodzi. | 1-2 malita a kulowetsedwa wokhazikika pa 1 mita2 | |
| Wagwa | Superphosphate | Pansi kukumba | 30-40 g / m2pachaka |
Kuchepetsa
Korona wa mtundu womwewo, monga lamulo, malinga ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono pang'ono zaka 4-5 moyo wa mtengowo. Kutsogololi, imadulidwa nthawi zambiri, ndiye kuti korona wa mtengo wamtunduwu samakulira. Mwakuchita izi, kudulira kumachepetsedwa kuyeretsa kwakanthawi kwa nthambi zowuma ndi matenda (kudulira mwaukhondo), komanso kuchepetsa korona, ngati ikufunikirabe.
Korona wa mtundu womwewo, monga lamulo, malinga ndi kachitidwe kakang'ono pang'ono pazaka 4-5 moyo wamtengo
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Monga tanena kale, Cherry Rovesnitsa wawonjezera chitetezo chokwanira ku matenda oyamba ndi fungus (moniliosis, coccomycosis). Ndiponso sichikhudzidwa ndimatenda ena. Mwa tizirombo, nthawi zina titha kuwona chitumbuwa, ntchentche, ndi masamba a masamba. Nthawi zambiri, pofuna kupewa mavuto amenewa, kutsatira njira zodziwika bwino (kuyeretsa malo omwe agwa masamba mu kugwa, kukumba kwa mitengo isanafike nthawi yozizira, kutsuka kwa mitengo ikuluikulu ndi nthambi zanthete), komanso chithandizo chanthawi yake ndi fungicides (mankhwala othana ndi matenda oyamba ndi fungus) kusamalira tizilombo).
Gome: kukonza yamatcheri ku matenda ndi tizilombo toononga
| Nthawi | Kukonzekera | Pafupipafupi | Machitidwe |
| Mapeto a dzinja - chiyambi cha masika, masamba asanaphukire | 3% yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate kapena madzi a Bordeaux | Pachaka | Universal (kuchokera ku matenda onse ndi tizirombo) |
| BOTTOM | Kamodzi pa zaka zitatu zilizonse | ||
| Musanafike maluwa amtundu umodzi, mutatha maluwa awiri okhazikika ndi masiku 7-10 | Fungicides monga Chorus, Quadris, Strobi, etc. | Pachaka | Kuchokera ku fungal matenda |
| Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda monga Decis, Spark, Aktar, ndi zina. | Kuyambira tizirombo | ||
| Chilimwe, kuchuluka kwakanthawi kwamankhwala othandizirana ndi kupatula kwa masabata awiri | Fitosporin-M | Kuchokera ku fungal matenda ndi farsar top dressing | |
| Kuchedwa | 5% yankho la sodium sodium | konsekonse |
Chapakatikati ndimakonza mitengo yanga yazipatso, kuphatikizapo yamatcheri, ndimphika wa Horus ndi Decis. Ndiko kuti, m'madzi amodzi omwewo (malita 10) ndimasungunulira gramu 1 ya Decis ndi magalamu atatu a Horus. Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito mosiyanasiyana ndikusunga mtundu wawo akaphatikizidwa, ndipo kusakaniza kotereku kumagwira ntchito nthawi yomweyo motsutsana ndi matenda ndi mafangasi. Ndimakhala ndikubwerera katatu - imodzi isanafike maluwa ndi awiri atamasula. Izi zimasunga nthawi ndi ntchito kuti ichitike.
Ndemanga
Ngakhale pali zabwino za mitundu ya zipatso za Rovesnitsa ndi kupezeka kwake m'minda yamafakitale, sizikukambidwa pamabungwe olimapo zamaluwa. Nditafufuza mawebusayiti ambiri, ndatha kupeza ndemanga ziwiri zokha.
Ndidakondwera ndi kukolola kwa chitumbuwa (Coeval) - pafupifupi 20 kg kuchokera kubzala mitengo mu 2006. Zinalawa acidic pang'ono kuposa chaka chatha. Chifukwa cha mvula?
Anina, Moscow//forum.prihoz.ru/viewtopic.php?t=1148&start=1020
Chaka chatha ndidabzala yamatcheri (Rovesnitsa - Chitumbu ichi chimadziwika kwambiri pakati pa obereketsa ndi osamalira matendawa chifukwa cha zipatso zake zambiri komanso kusinthasintha kwanyengo. mitengo yonse iwiri ili pachimake, kuuluka kwabwino.
FiL//www.infoorel.ru/forum/forum_read.php?f=45&id=642598&page=4&ofs=60
Cherry Coeval imakhala ndi zovuta zosaneneka - kuzindikira kwambiri, kusatetezeka kumatenda, chilala kukana, nyengo yozizira, kukoma kwabwino kwa zipatso. Timalimbikitsa motsimikiza izi kuti zilimidwe osati zachigawo, komanso kupitirira.
