Mukamabzala biringaliro muyenera kulingalira zingapo za zinthu zake: ndizovuta kwambiri za kutentha ndi kuwala.
Ngati kutentha kwa mpweya kumadutsa m'munsimu + madigiri 2020, ntchito yonse yofunikira (kukula, zipatso) imachepetsanso kwambiri, ndipo nthawi zina imasiya palimodzi.
Kutentha osachepera + digrii 15 kumapangitsa kuti mtundu wa ola ndi ovary ugwe. Mthunzi wa mitengo yoyandikana nayo, mitengo, kubzala kwambiri, mtambo wautali - zonsezi zikhoza kuchepa kukula, ndipo zimachepetsa kukula kwa chipatso komanso ngakhale zochepa.
Tsiku lofika
Mankhwalawa amakula mwa mbande ndi m'munda mwachindunji, malingana ndi kutentha kwa chigawochi. Mukamadzala mbewu za biringanya, m'pofunikanso kuganizira kuti ngakhale ndibwino kuti muzisamalira kukula kumatenga nthawi yaitali. Choncho, nthawi zambiri zomera zimabzalidwa kupyolera mu mbande.
Mbeu zafesa zimabzalidwa miyezi iwiri isanayambe kusunthira pansii.e. mu February ndi kumayambiriro kwa March.
Ngati munabzala makapu pakatikati pa mwezi wa March, mphukira itatha, amafunika kuyatsa nyali zowonjezera ndi matope a fluorescent kufika pa Watts 80 mphamvu musanatuluke (pafupifupi mwezi).
Amapachikidwa pang'onopang'ono kutalika kwa masentimita 50 kuchokera mu mbande ndipo amagwirizanitsa ndi maola 8-20, ndipo usiku ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Kumayambiriro kwa kucha kucha kukula pamapeto pa masiku 90. Maluwa amapezeka pamtentha wosachepera kuposa madigiri + 20 pambuyo pa masiku 40, ndipo mukhoza kukolola mbewu yoyamba masiku ena 30-32.
Kukonzekera chodzala mbande
Kufika matanki
Amatha kubzala biringanya mbande zilizonse zoyenera.
Mpweya ndi chinyezi zimadutsa mumsana, zomwe sizilola kuti chinyezi chikhalebe.
Komanso kubzala biringanya mbande gwiritsani ntchito makapu apulasitiki kapena makaseti apadera. Zosangalatsa zimangokhala kuti mbeu iliyonse ili m'gawo limodzi ndipo sikuyenera kuthamanga, ndibwino kuchoka panyumba kupita kumunda, zomwe zimapangidwira mmera uliwonse.
Ngati palibe zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndiye anabzala mu trays kapena mabokosi okhala ndi dive ina. Izi ziyenera kukumbukira kuti opaleshoniyi imabweretsa mavuto osadziwika kwa mizu yopanda chitukuko komanso yocheperapo kukula, bola ngati mbewu siidwala.
Kodi kukonzekera dothi biringanya mbande?
Pofuna kukonzekera dothi kuti lipitirire kubzala mbewu, nkofunika kuti dzuŵa lisadutse munda kuti likhalemo pa 1 sq.m. 4 kg wa humus ndi 500 g wa superphosphate.
Onjezerani 100 mpaka 150 g ya potaziyamu kloride.
Tikulimbikitseni kuti tibwerere kumalo osungirako malo osachepera awiri, koma makamaka zaka zitatu.
Dothi la mbande ndi manja awo
Malinga ndi chidebe chimodzi, magawo anayi a peat ndi osakaniza, magawo atatu a humus kapena kompositi, mchenga wa mtsinje umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuika gawo limodzi. Pamene osakaniza ali okonzeka, maboxbox 3 a superphosphate ndi galasi la phulusa amaperekedwa kwa iwo (theka la kapu ya potassium sulphate idzagwiranso ntchito). Kenaka sakanizani zotsatirazo kusakaniza bwinobwino.
Kuti kuthirira kusasamba nthaka, kuchokera pamwamba pa nthaka mpaka kumtunda m'mphepete mwa bokosi kusiya kusiyana kwa 2 cm.
Kukonzekera biringanya mbewu za kufesa mbande
Ganizirani mwatsatanetsatane momwe mungakonzekerere mbewu za kubzala mbande?
Musanabzala mbewu ndi koyenera kuchita zoyamba kukonzakuti apitirize kumera. Choyamba muyenera kuchita ndondomeko ya mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la manganese-asidi potaziyamu kwa mphindi 25.
Kenaka mbewuzo zimatsukidwa ndi madzi oyera ndipo zimayikidwa m'matumba m'mbale ndi njira yothirira tsiku limodzi. Zikuphatikizapo: Madzi okwanira 1 litre, okwaniridwa ndi madigiri 25-28, 1 tsp. nitrofoski (ngati sichoncho, ndiye kuti mutha kusintha m'malo mwa nitrophore ndi phulusa kapena phulusa la sodium humate).
Njirayi imathandiza kumera mwamsanga kwa mbewu ndi kufulumira kwa kukolola koyambirira m'tsogolo.
Pamene zikwama za mbeu zikuyendetsedwe mu njira yowonjezera, ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kuthiridwa pang'ono ndi madzi. Ndiye kwa masiku 1-2 pa kutentha kwa madigiri 30 asanayambe kumera kwa mbewu kusuntha pa mbale.
Zikopa ziyenera kusungidwa lonyowa. Pakayika pamene mbesa imabzalidwa pa mbande kale zimamera, ndiye kuti zitha kuyembekezera tsiku lachisanu kapena lachisanu ndi chimodzi.
Mbewu ngati kuli kofunikira akhoza kuumitsidwa. Kuti achite izi, amafunika kuthandizira njira yowonjezeramo kuti ayambe kusinthana pansi pa firiji (2-5 digrii) kwa masiku awiri, ndiye kuti tsiku limodzi likhale m'malo otentha (madigiri 18), kenako pita ku firiji masiku awiri.
Ngati kukonzekera kwa mbewu ya biringanya kubzala pa mbande kunali kovuta, ndiye mwayi wokolola bwino kwambiri.
Dive
Mbande ya biringanya imatha kukula ndi kusasamba. Biringanya mbande imasamutsa kwambiri kusankha, pamene mizu ndi yovuta komanso yosabwezeretsedwa bwino. Koma ngati pali kusowa kwa kubwereza mtsogolo, mwachitsanzo, palibe miphika yowonjezera yokwanira, ndiye kuti malamulo ena ayenera kutsatira.
Pamene mbande ziri pa siteji ya kukula, yake kuthirira feteleza pang'ono pamzu m'malo mwa madzi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mbande, mbale za kubzala zimadzaza ndi masentimita 7 a nthaka osakaniza, kenaka amamangidwanso ndi kuwerengeka pang'ono. Mizere imapangidwa patali wa masentimita 5-6 kuchokera kwa wina ndi mzake ndi masentimita 1-1.5 mozama, imakhetsedwera ndi madzi, ndiye mbewu imayikidwa mkati mwa mtunda wa masentimita awiri kuchokera mzake.
Kenaka, grooves akugona ndipo pang'ono zikuphatikizidwa. Mitengo yabwino yomwe ili ndi galasi kapena filimu yotetezera chinyezi ndi kutentha (pafupifupi, madigiri 20-26). Zipatso zidzawoneka pa tsiku la 6-10.
Pambuyo kumera majeremusi, galasi kapena filimu ayenera kuchotsedwa ndipo kutentha kwa mpweya mu chipinda chiyenera kuchepetsedwa. Masana pamlungu sabata imakhala pafupifupi madigiri 17, ndipo usiku + madigiri 14.
Kenaka kutentha kumadzutsidwa patsiku mpaka + madigiri 27, ndipo usiku mpaka madigiri 14. Nyengo imeneyi imathandiza kuti mizu ikule bwino ndipo imakonzekeretsa mbande zakuthambo. Kupweteka kumathandiza kuti chomeracho chisakhale ndi nkhawa kwambiri ndipo chikhale chosavuta kuthetsa.
Kuthirira, kuvala ndi kuunikira
Masiku khumi oyambirira muyenera kuthirira kamodzi pa sabata, kuthirira mobwerezabwereza kudzafooketsa. Madzi amawotcha kwambiri mpaka madigiri 25-28. Ngati n'kotheka, musanayambe mphukira, gwiritsani ntchito sprayer kuti musasambe njere ndipo musakhale ndi mizu.
Amafunika Peŵani kuthirira masamba kuthiriraAmayambitsa matenda a fungal. Kukuwombera kuti muteteze kuyenera kutsanulira pinki njira ya potaziyamu permanganate. M'tsogolomu, mbande ya biringanya imayenera kuthiriridwa nthawi zambiri ngati chimbudzi chimauma.
Kupanda chinyezi kumabweretsa kutsitsa koyambirira kwa tsinde ndi kuchepa kwa zokolola. Miphika ya peat imayikidwa bwino mu makola omwe amafunika kubweretsanso nthawi ndi madzi pamene iyo ikuphulika.
Ndikofunikira! Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti madzi sagwedezeka - zowola zowoneka. Madzi ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito madzi olekanitsa kapena amvula.
Kudyetsa koyamba kumachitika pa 7-10 tsiku litamera, komanso ngati pangotsala pang'ono kutha - masiku 10 mutatha njirayi. Manyowa ayenera kukhala ndi phosphorous kupanga mizu. Kenaka muzitsanulira mbeu masiku opitirira 7-10 kuti mutenge mbewu pa nyengo yokula. Manyowa oyenera ndi kuthirira.
Kotero kuti mbande zikule bwino, musati mutambasule kwambiri ndipo musafooke, iye kuwala kofunika kofunika. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito phytolamps kapena luminescent. Iyenera kusinthidwa kuyambira 8-20 pm pamtunda wa masentimita 50.
Kuti biringanya mbande m'tsogolomu zikhoza kusangalala ndi mbeu, kuthirira madzi ndi fetereza, kamodzi pamwezi, kuwaza nkhuni phulusa. Madzi m'mawa, perekani mbande zolimba.
Kubzala mbande pamsewu kumakhala kovomerezeka mu May kapena kumayambiriro kwa June - izi zimadalira kubzala kwa mbewu. Kumvetsetsani kuti ndi okonzeka pamene muli ndi mapepala enieni okwana 12 omwe amapangidwa pa izo. Amabzalidwa m'munda wokhala ndi thanzi labwino kuchokera ku mphika.
Ngati mwachita bwino, ndiye patatha miyezi itatu mutabzala mbande, mbewu zimakonzeka kubzala.
Zida zothandiza
Werengani nkhani zina zokhuza kukula ndi kusamalira mbande za biringanya:
- Njira zosiyanasiyana zolima: mu mapiritsi a peat, mu nkhono komanso pamapepala a chimbudzi.
- Zonse zomwe zimafesedwa mogwirizana ndi kalendala ya mwezi.
- Malamulo a golide akukula kuchokera ku mbewu.
- Makhalidwe a kulima m'madera osiyanasiyana a Russia: ku Urals, ku Siberia ndi ku Moscow.
