Mphesa za Azalea sizili m'gulu la zaluso zosapambana: iyi ndi imodzi mwazipatso zoyenera za mphesa zoyambirira. Chifukwa cha kuthana ndi chisanu kwambiri komanso kusakulitsa nyengo yomwe ikukula, imakhala pamalo olimba mndandanda waz mitundu zonse zomwe zimakhazikika mu nyumba zanyengo zamkati komanso mawonekedwe azikhalidwe zama mafakitale.
Mbiri yakukula mphesa za Azalea
Pakadali pano, boom ikupitiliza, ndikugwirizana ndi kupititsa patsogolo mphesa kumpoto, kumadera omwe kale kulima zipatso zamadzuwa sikunali kotheka. Izi zidayambitsa kafukufuku wazasayansi womwe cholinga chake chinali kupanga mitundu yamphesa yatsopano yopanda chisanu kwambiri. Zotchuka kwambiri zinali mitundu ya matebulo, zomwe, kumene, chifukwa choti moyo wathanzi uli mu mafashoni, ndipo ma vesi ena abwino amapezeka m'matangadza. Mphesa zatsopano pamsika zidakali zodula kwambiri, ndipo munthu aliyense wokhala chilimwe amayesera kudzikongoletsa ndi zipatso zake.
Izi sizikutanthauza kuti kuwoneka kwa zipatso za Azalea ndizabwino, koma kwa mitundu yoyambirira kwambiri izi sizinthu zazikulu
Kupanga mitundu yatsopano ya haibridi kumachitika osati kokha ndi mabungwe apadera, komanso ndi okonda masewera, omwe pakati pawo pali otchuka angapo m'dziko lathu. M'modzi mwa iwo ndi Vasily Ulyanovich Kapelyushny.
Vasily Ulyanovich anali injiniya wama makina, wogwira ntchito pamsewu mwaukadaulo. Adagwira ntchito yopanga njanji, kenako m'mabizinesi osiyanasiyana a Rostov, mwachitsanzo, Rostelmash. Ndinachita nawo zamasamba kuyambira 1969. Pambuyo pake idasinthira kukhala wopanga vinyo kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 20, pamene minda yamphesa yamisamba 300 ya mphesa idayikidwa m'malo omasuka a dera la Aksai. Nthawi yomweyo anakana mitundu ya vinyo ya Kapelushny ndikuyamba kuthana ndi canteens okha. Kuyambira 1991, V. U. Kapelyushny adatsogolera famuyo "Hope", yomwe idakhazikitsidwa ndi mitundu Talisman, Nadezhda Aksayskaya, Vostorg, Augustin, Original, Kodryanka ndi ena. Famuyo imamera mbande za mphesa zosagwirizana ndi tizilombo toopsa - phylloxera.
Cha m'ma 1990, motsogozedwa ndi njira ya A. A. Kostrikin komanso mogwirizana ndi VNIIViV im. Y. I. Potapenko V. U. Kapelyushny ananyamula mitanda yoyamba ya mitundu ya mphesa pakati pawo. Wophatikiza woyamba opambana anali Chiwerengero cha Monte Cristo, Crimson, Melina. Mitundu yambiri yazowuma zomwe zimapangidwa zimachokera pakuwoloka mitundu yodziwika bwino ya mphesa, monga Talisman, Arcadia, mphesa za Radiant, etc.
Azalea adapezeka ndikupukutira mphesa zofiira za Vostorg ndi chisakanizo cha mungu kuchokera ku mitundu Nadezhda Aksayskaya ndi Tayfi yolimba. Kuchulukitsa mitengoyi kunapangitsa kuti chomera chokhala ndi mpesa wamphamvu wokutidwa ndi zipatso zokongola. Azalea ndi mphesa zoyambirira kucha.
Pakadali pano, Azalea ikhoza kupezeka m'maluwa ambiri ndi akatswiri opanga mavinyo: kutentha kwambiri kwa chisanu kwadzetsa kufalikira konsekonse m'dziko lonselo. Ndi kusamalidwa bwino kwa mphesa za Azalea, eni ake amalandira zipatso zambiri zokongola ndi zazikulu, zosayenera kungogwiritsa ntchito zokha, komanso zogulitsa.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi
Eni tchire la mphesa za Azalea, ndiye kuti, tchire lomwe limapezeka kuchokera ku mizu yodulidwa mizu yamtunduwu, limakhala ndi mphamvu pakukula. Nthawi yakula, mpesa ungatulutse mpaka mamitala awiri. Mapangidwe a chitsamba ndi kukula kwachilengedwe amafotokozedwa kuti akulira, akutulutsa. Zosiyanasiyana zimadziwika ndi mizu yabwino yodula komanso kudula mwachangu kwamphamvu mizu, komanso koyambirira komanso pafupifupi kucha kwathunthu. Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amalangiza kuti azibzale pa tchire la mitundu yayitali ya mphesa.
Ndi nzika zochepa chabe zomwe zimachita nawo zokolola, koma pankhani ya Azalea, izi zingakhale zothandiza
Kukana chisanu kukutentha kwambiri: zimadziwika kuti pambuyo pozizira kwambiri mpaka -25 zaNdi Azalea, imakhala bwino ndi khola ndipo imapereka zipatso za mawonekedwe osawoneka, kulawa komanso nthawi zambiri.
Tikakulitsa pakatikati pa dziko lathu, kubisa mbewu nthawi yachisanu sikufunika, koma monga akunena, "ndibowera m'madzi." Nyengo yozizira kwambiri tsopano ndiyosowa, koma zimachitika. Chifukwa chake, kuchotsedwa kwa mipesa ku trellises komanso malo osungira nthawi yozizira sikofunikira kulingalira.
Kukaniza mpunga, kuwola imvi ndi oidium m'malo osiyanasiyana kumakhala pakati pa 2 mpaka 3,5 mfundo, ndiye kuti, kukana kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa pafupifupi. Pali lingaliro losangalatsa kuti "chifukwa chakusasaka msanga, bowa sugwirizana ndi kukula kwake." Mutha, kumwetulira motere pakuyankha funsoli, koma chowonadi kuti kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndikofunikira kokha munthawi zosavomerezeka pachikhalidwe cha mphesa: Njira zothanirana ndi 1-2 zimalimbikitsidwa.
Kubala kumayamba zaka 2-3 mutabzala mmera wapachaka pamalo okhazikika. Duwa ku Azalea ndilabwino, lomwe silikayikiridwa konse kwa anthu okhala nthawi yachilimwe omwe ali ndi masamba ang'onoang'ono: kubzala chitsamba chachiwiri chamtundu uliwonse ncholinga chofuna kupukusa maluwa sikofunikira. Azalea ndi amodzi mwa mitundu yoyambirira ya nyengo yakucha kwambiri: kuyambira pa kuphukira kwa maluwa kutuluka pang'ono zipatso pang'ono kupitirira miyezi itatu, ndipo miyezi 3.5, ndiye kuti pakatikati - kumapeto kwa Ogasiti, nthawi yakwana yakututa kochuluka, yonse yokwanira kukwera.
Masango a azaleas amakula mpaka kukula akulu. Maonekedwe ake ali pafupi ndi conical. Pafupifupi, kuchuluka kwa tsango lililonse sikufika pang'ono 1 kg, koma oimira ena amakula mpaka 1.2-1,5 kg. Zikhulupiriro zake ndizochepa; Kuthilira ndi kochepa kwambiri, ndiye kuti, zipatso zazing'onozing'ono, zomwe sizapezeka.
Magulu amalolera bwino mayendedwe ataliatali, chifukwa Azalea nthawi zambiri imalimidwa m'mabizinesi akuluakulu azolimo.
Zipatsozo ndizazikulu, zokhala ndi mitundu yambiri, koma kutengera mtundu wa pinki, mawonekedwe a zipatsozo samakhala ozungulira, m'malo mwake ovoid, koma elongation ndi ochepa. Kutalika kwa kutalika kwa diaputopu sikupitirira 10% ndi kukula pafupifupi masentimita 2.5. Unyinji wa zipatso umachokera ku 10 mpaka 14. Gamu limakhala lonunkhira, labwinobwino, lamchere, lopatsa zipatso wamba. Zipatsozo ndizotsekemera kwambiri: zomwe zimakhala ndi shuga zimafika 23%, ndipo ma acid - okha 5-6 g / l. Pankhaniyi, kukoma kwake sikungatchedwa shuga. Khungu lakelo limakhala losaoneka bwino pakudya zipatso.
Zipatso zimatha kukhalabe pa tchire kwa nthawi yayitali osataya malonda apamwamba: onse amakomedwe ndi kuwoneka. Zosiyanasiyana sizikhala zowonongeka ndi mavu ndi tizilombo tina touluka. Kubera zipatso m'malo otentha kwambiri sizachilendo pamtunduwu. Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso ndi ponseponse: zimatha kudyedwa mwatsopano, kukonza madzi, ogwiritsidwa ntchito m'mitundu ina. Zabwino zonse za mphesa ya Azalea zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokongola pakugulitsa kanyumba nthawi yachilimwe komanso minda yomwe imagulitsa ulimi wamalonda.
Vidiyo: Kututa mphesa za Azalea ku thengo
Makhalidwe a mphesa za Azalea
Kutengera malongosoledwe pamwambapa a mtundu wosakanizidwa wa mphesa ya Azalea, tiyenera kuyesetsa kupereka zomwe zimafotokozedwa, mwachidule zabwino ndi zovuta. Potere, mndandanda wazabwino udzakhala wautali, komanso pali zovuta. Chifukwa chake, chimodzi mwazabwino za Azaleas ndi:
- kulawa zipatso zabwino;
- mawonekedwe a malonda;
- kufanana kwa zipatso kukula kwake, kusowa kwa "kusenda" m'masango: kulibe zipatso zazing'ono;
- kusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali kwa mbewuyo, kuphatikiza osakololedwa, koma kukhalabe patchire;
- kayendedwe kabwino ka ma bullets: maonekedwe ndi kukoma kwa zipatso sizimavutika nthawi yayitali;
- kupsa koyambirira kwambiri: Malinga ndi ndemanga zina, kusiyanasiyana kumatha kuonedwa ngati kwapamwamba;
- zokolola zambiri;
- maluwa okhathamira: Azalea safunikira kupezeka kwa oyandikana ndi mphesa zina monga pollinator;
- kukana chinyezi chambiri: kusowa kwa kusweka kwa zipatso munyengo yamvula;
- kukana kwambiri chisanu, komwe kumalola zitsamba mu nthawi yayitali kuchita popanda pogona;
- kukana mphere ndi oidium.
Komabe, kukana kwathunthu kwa matenda oyamba ndi tizirombo ndi pafupifupi. Ndipo ngati mphutsi ndi phylloxera zilibe vuto kwenikweni ndi izi, ndiye kuti matenda ena ndi owopsa chifukwa cha mbewu za mphesa zambiri.
Pali zolakwika zochepa kwambiri za mitundu ya Azalea. Akatswiri ofufuza amati:
- osati mawonekedwe owoneka bwino kwambiri a zipatso (chabwino, izi, kumene, osati kwa aliyense);
- kusowa kwa kukana ndi matenda ambiri;
- kufunika kochepetsera inflorescence kuti tipewe kutchukitsa chitsamba;
- osati kukula kwambiri mphamvu ya chitsamba, kukakamiza kugwiritsa ntchito katemera wa Azalea pa mitundu ina kuti ichulukitse mapangidwe ndi kupanga zipatso.
Ngakhale pali zoperewera izi, ziyenera kudziwika kuti Azalea ndi amodzi mwa mitundu ya mphesa yachikhalidwe yomwe imalimidwa mumagulu achilimwe komanso m'mafamu akuluakulu. Zosiyanasiyana sizikhala zopanda pake kwambiri, zimakhala ndi chisanu kwambiri, zimatha kumera kum'mwera, komanso m'njira yapakatikati, komanso m'malo okhala ndi nyengo yovuta. Kukucha koyambirira kwa mbewu kumapangitsa kuti kukhale kosangalatsa komanso kwa malonda.
Mawonekedwe obzala ndi kukula
Akatswiri komanso omwe adabzala kale Azalea mdera lawo, akukhulupirira kuti kusamalira mitunduyi ndikosavuta. Ngati tilingalira za kubzala ndi kulima poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, ziyenera kudziwika kuti sizipezeka. Azalea ndi mtundu wamapesa wamakono kwambiri, womwe umadziwika kuti unayamba kucha kwambiri komanso nthawi yayitali chisanu chimatha kugulitsa zipatso. Ngakhale kuti mitunduyi imafalitsika bwino ndi zodula, akatswiri amalangiza kuti zibzale pa chidebe champhamvu. Chifukwa cha njirayi, tchire limakhala lamphamvu, zipatso ndi zipatso zimachuluka. Popanda kuganizira zovuta za kumalumikiza, popeza ndi anthu ochepa omwe amabzala mphesa m'manyumba achilimwe, tiyeni tilingalire za momwe tingadzalire ndikubzala mbande zopangidwa kale.
Kudzichulukitsa kwa Azalea kumakopa nzika za chilimwe ndichakuti ndi kukula kocheperako, simungaganize zakuti muyenera kubzala mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mphesa. Pollinators safunikira uwu wosakanizidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kwa zokolola ndikokwanira kwa banja wamba wamba. Kulawa zipatso koyambirira komanso kusungidwa bwino kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mavitamini atsopano kwa miyezi ingapo, kuyambira mu Ogasiti. Koma ngati mukufunabe kubzala mitundu ina, Azalea sizitanthauza kuti atalikirane nayo: mtunda wa 2 metres ndikwanira.
Mukabzala tchire lambiri, mutha kupanga "khoma" laiwo, kubzala ma 2mita aliwonse, koma kumtunda kudzakhala chitsamba chimodzi chokwanira cha Azalea
Monga mitundu yonse ya mphesa, imafunikira dzuwa lambiri, motero malowo pamalopo ayenera kuwunikiridwa kwambiri, koma otetezedwa ku mphepo zakumpoto. Zosiyanasiyana zimamera panthaka yamtundu uliwonse, koma kuchuluka kwa feteleza kuyenera kukhala kokwanira, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kale asanabzalidwe, malo osankhidwa ayenera kukumbidwa ndikuphatikiza manyowa, phulusa ndi feteleza wa mchere. Mukakumba fosholo pa bayonet, mulingo waukulu wa feteleza safunika: 1 m2 ingowonjezerani zidebe za 1-2 za organics, mtsuko wa lita ndi phulusa ndi magalamu 50 a nitroammophoska. Koma feteleza akuyenera kutukula bwino kwambiri dzenjelo, yomwe iyenera kukumbidwa osachepera mwezi umodzi kuti ibzalidwe. Ndipo popeza nthawi yokwanira yokwera kumapeto kwa Epulo, amakumba dzenje pakugwa.
Kukula kwa dzenje la Azalea ndi muyezo, kuchokera 70-80 masentimita m'mbali zonse. Pa dothi lolemera, lomwe limapangidwa makamaka ndi dongo, ngalowazo ziyenera kuyikidwa mu dzenje, lomwe ndi wosanjikiza ndi 15-20 masentimita wandiweyani wosweka njerwa kapena miyala. Pazinthu zina zamtundu, zosanjazo zitha kukhala zazing'ono, ndipo pazonyowa pamchenga sizofunikira. M'malo louma, chitoliro choyenera chimayenera kuyikidwapo, komwe chimapitilira kunja kutulutsa madzi kuchokera kumizu m'zaka zitatu zokha zathanzi. Dothi lokwana masentimita 20 liyenera kuthiridwa ndikuyankhira madzi: limakonzedwa kuchokera ku dongo lachonde, ndikusakaniza ndi humus yambiri, phulusa ndi feteleza wa mchere. Ndipo nthaka yangwiro yachonde imathiridwa pamwambapo, pomwe mphesa zimabzalidwa. Zabzala mwakuya, kusiya masamba amodzi kapena awiri pamwamba pa nthaka. Pambuyo pophatikizana ndi dothi komanso kuthirira bwino, chitsimechi chimakwiriridwa ndi chilichonse.
Chitoliro mdzenjemo chimafunikira kuti madzi othirira azituluka mwachindunji kudera lazopeza zakudya
Kusamalira mbewu kumakhala kuthirira, kuvala koyenera panthawi yake, kudulira mwaluso komanso - m'malo ozizira - malo osavuta achitetezo nthawi yachisanu. Zofunikira kuthirira ndizokwanira, koma osati pafupipafupi, makamaka Azalea amawafunikira akathira zipatso kwambiri, ndipo milungu itatu asanakolole, ayenera kuyimitsidwa. Kutsirira kumachitika kamodzi pamwezi, nthawi yamadzulo, kumatenthetsa tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madzi.
Pogwiritsa ntchito feteleza, feteleza wa nayitrogeni sayenera kuzunzidwa: nayitrogeni amaperekedwa kwa mphesa monga mawonekedwe a organics, kuyika humus pafupi ndi tchire kumayambiriro kwa kasupe kapena kumapeto kwa nthawi yophukira. Koma mutha kupanga phulusa lamatanda ambiri pansi pa tchire, makamaka nthawi yakula. Ndizoyenera kuphatikiza kuvala kwapamwamba ndi kuthirira, koma kuvala pamwamba mwapamwamba, mwa kupopera masamba ndi zofooka zovuta za feteleza zovuta, zitha kuchitidwa ngakhale kuthilira, koma nthawi zonse madzulo: musanayambe maluwa ndipo mutangomaliza kumalizidwa. Kupalira komanso kumasula tchire akuluakulu sikofunika kwambiri, koma kumasula dothi lolemera ndikulandirika. Kulowetsa dothi pozungulira tchire kumapangitsa kuti ntchitoyi ikhale yosavuta.
Azalea yakula kukana matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi, koma imafunikiranso kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kupopera kufinya, oidium ndi zowola imvi. Ndiosavuta kumayambiriro kasupe ndikatsegula tchire kuti muwapatse ndi yankho la sulfate yachitsulo, ndipo zizindikiro za matenda zikaoneka m'chilimwe, ndimadzi a Bordeaux. Mankhwala aposachedwa kwambiri ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha pakukula osati zipatso.
Iron sulfate - woteteza wodalirika wamphesa ku matenda a fungus
Kudulira tchire ndikofunikira. Kudulira masika kuyenera kukhala kocheperako, ndikuchotsa kowuma komanso mwachidziwikire mphukira. Mapangidwe a chitsamba amachitika nthawi yonse ya chilimwe ndipo amapanga nawo mphukira zowonjezera zazing'ono ndi ma inflorescence, pomwe akadali ochepa komanso obiriwira. Ndi kutsatira chilimwe. Pakadali pano, mphukira zimafupikitsidwa, kudula malo osapsa, komanso kudula mphukira zowonjezera zomwe zakula kuti zigwe. Kwa Azalea, kudulira mpesa kwa maso a 6-8 ndikulimbikitsidwa.
Pambuyo pogulira yophukira kumpoto, mipesa imachotsedwa mu trellis ndikufundidwa ndi zida zowoneka bwino, nthambi za spruce kapena nthambi za pine. Kaya pakufunika kuchita izi mumsewu wapakati, mwiniwake amasankha yekha: mitunduyo imatha kupirira kutentha kwa madigiri 25, koma alipo ena! Tchire liyenera kumasulidwa kumapeto kwa March, kumayambiriro kwa masiku ofunda.
Ndemanga zamaluwa
M'mabungwe apadera, ndemanga za mitundu yocheperako ndizochepa, ndipo ngakhale sizikhala zotamandika nthawi zonse, zomwe zimagogomezeranso kuti mitundu iyi ndiyabwino kwambiri, koma siyingayesedwe kuti ndiyabwino.
GF Azalea m'dera lathu amabala zipatso chaka chachiwiri. Fomuyi imalimba ndi matenda. M'mikhalidwe yoopsa, sindinawone zizindikiro zilizonse zokhala ndi njira yochizira yamphesa yonse. Mpesa ukuyambika koyambirira komanso kutalika konse. Mphesa GF Azalea zimacha m'derali kapena pang'ono kumayambiriro kwa GF Arcadia: pafupi ndi Ogasiti 10 ku Kuban. Berries 8-10 magalamu obiriwira okhala ndi pinki ya rose ndi chidikha cha masika.Zidachitika kuti sindinayambitse kuyatsa masango chifukwa kutentha ndi maonekedwe a zipatsozo sizinasinthe ngakhale mwezi wathunthu. Zipatsozo zomwe zimayatsidwa ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa zinali zokongola zachikasu ndi pinki. Koma masango anali ochepa pachitsamba, ngakhale mphukira zake zinali zamphamvu. Poyamba ndidakwiya: mwina ndikadakhala kuti ndidalakwitsa china chake, sindidamalize ... Koma pomwe ndidali pa Chionetso mu Ogasiti 2010 pafupi ndi Kapelyushny V.U. Ndidawona kukula komweko - kutonthola ... Kukoma kwa zipatso kumakoma kwambiri ndi khungu lamadzimadzi komanso khungu lowonda, lomwe lidasunga mbewuyi bwino bwino.
Fursa Irina Ivanovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3698
Nyengo ino, Azalea sikuti anali wopanda banga ... pinki yaying'ono idatuluka pambali ... ndipo ndizo. Sindinabwere kuyesera, ndikudikirira kusasitsa. :? Lero kunali alendo m'munda wamphesa, ndipo pakati pawo panali wokonda Azalea. Apa adatola mabulosi kuti ayesedwe. Ngakhale mafupa ndi a bulauni! Shuga ndiwambiri, palibe muscat kapena zipatso zina zouma. Zomwe zimakhumudwitsa ndi kuti mnofu wake ndi madzi enaake. Masango ndi ochepa (chitsamba chimadulidwamo kuthengo kuti chikule) ndipo mabulosiwo si akulu, pafupifupi 10 g. Sindinawone matenda aliwonse, chitsamba ndichopanda, koma cholimba Kukula kofooka (kudyetsedwa kuphedwa!) Chimwemwe chimodzi, kopitilira muyeso!
Liplyavka Elena Petrovna//www.vinograd7.ru/forum/viewtopic.php?p=43268
Ndili ndi Azalea wokhala ndi mizu, mphamvu yakukula ndiyabwino, ngakhale mmera udakali wokongola. Masango ndi ochepa, zipatsozo ndi pafupifupi 10 g (+ -). Sindinatenge mtundu wa pinki, sindinabwere kudzayesa mabulosi. Wokoma kwambiri, ndikufuna kuthira wowawasa pang'ono. Fupa ndi labulawuni. Koma mawonekedwe ake sanali, kumverera kwake ndiwobiriwira. Khungu limakhala lokwanira, limayamba phokoso pakudya.
Elena Petrovna//forum.vinograd.info/showthread.php?t=3698
Mitundu ya mphesa ya Azalea siili yovuta kuisamalira: M'mayiko athu ambiri, tchire silifunikira kuphimbidwa nthawi yozizira. Kucha zipatso zoyambirira kumatipatsa mwayi kuti tidziwe kuti Azalea ndi imodzi mwazabwino komanso zogulitsa. Ma tchire achilinganizo omwe safuna kuti tizimera mungu, osalimbana ndi chisanu ndi matenda ambiri, amatchulira mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga yolonjeza kulimidwa m'maderawo.
