Mukabzala adyo wamalimwe kumapeto kwa chilimwe, m'chilimwe mutha kudula nthenga, kuwonjezera pa saladi, komanso kugwa kuti mutenge mababu ndi mano. Siziwonongeka ngakhale pakusungidwa kwotalikirapo. Zosiyanasiyana nyengo yachisanu zimamera m'dzinja. Zikuwoneka, bwanji adyo amakula owonjezera miyezi ingapo. Sikuwoneka kuti pali chifukwa chilichonse, koma kukolola m'chaka chatsopano kudzakhalabe pang'ono. Uwu ndiye mwayi wamitundu yozizira. Kuphatikiza pa nthawi yaulere iyi mchilimwe, mlimiyo ali ndi zochulukirapo.
Chitetezo champhamvu
Mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasiyana mukulawa. Ena amakhala akuthwa, ena amakhala ochepa. Mwachitsanzo, Gulliver, samayaka pang'ono kuposa Ershovsky. Zonsezi ndi zamtundu wa masika. Mitundu yonse ya adyo imakhala ndi mitundu ingapo ya zovala. Ena ali ndi muvi wopanga, pomwe ena alibe. Onsewa amalimbitsa chitetezo chamunthu chifukwa cha allicin, zinc, molybdenum, phosphorous, silen, potaziyamu, calcium, chromium, iron, mavitamini a B komanso osati okha. Zabwino zawo zimapangidwa mwachilengedwe, zomwe asayansi ambiri amazindikira kuti ndizabwino.
Nthenga, mano, ndi mivi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika. Ayenera kudulidwa kuti adyo azikula kwambiri. Pali mitundu popanda iwowo, yomwe ndi yosavuta kusamalira m'mundamo, koma izi sizitenga phindu lawo kwachilengedwe. Madzi awo alibe mavitamini ndi michere yocheperako kuposa ena. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito achisanu, othandizira, okazinga, oswazidwa. Amapanga kupanikizana kosangalatsa.
Mukampatsa munthu mphatso, adyo, mwatsoka, sizingavulaze. Mafangayi, mavairasi, mabakiteriya ndi tizilombo timene timamuopseza. Aliyense amene amalima payekha ayenera kudziwa zizindikiro za matenda owopsa pachikhalidwe ichi, njira zopewera komanso chithandizo.
Matenda oyamba ndi mafangasi
Mavuto ambiri amachokera ku fungal spores. Izi tizinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi gawo lofunikira, lofunikira kwambiri pazachilengedwe cha dziko lapansi. Chitani zowongolera ngati gawo la masankhidwe achilengedwe. Ili ndiye tanthauzo lalikulu pakupezeka kwawo. Komabe, izi sizothandiza kwa munthu. Chaka chilichonse amadzikumbutsa okha, amadzalowa pabedi. Matenda a Garlic, kufotokoza kwa zizindikiro zoyambirira, athandizira kuteteza chakudya.
Fungicides, vitriol, Bordeaux madzi amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiritsa mbewu.
Kudzola nyemba imodzi kungapulumutse mbewu, pomwe inayo sikungalole, koma kungalole kuti bowa aziwononga mchaka chatsopano.
Dzimbiri la adyo limatha kuchiritsidwa. Ndipo ndi Fusarium, mbewuyo imawotchedwa, nthaka imalimidwa kuti ibwezeretse microflora.
Ngati khosi kapena zowola zoyera zikupezeka, adyo wosonkhanitsidwayo amafafaniza ndi sulfate yamkuwa, fungosis. Kenako youma ndi kusanjidwa. Gawo la mbewu litha kupulumutsidwa, koma mawonekedwe awonongeka.
Pankhani ya Downy mildew, cholinga chachikulu ndikupulumutsa mbande zomwe sizinakhalepo kale. Matendawa amawotchedwa. Chikombole chakuda sichichotsedwako pasanathe masiku 20 kututa.
Fusarium wilt kapena muzu zowola
Nyengo yachisanu yotentha siyimalola kuti Fusarium spores ikhale matalala. Amatha kukhala osagwira ntchito kwa zaka zingapo. Koma, ngakhale ndizachilendo izi, madera akumwera komwe nyengo ili yabwino, nyengo iliyonse, alimi akudikirira kubwera kwawo, akuopa izi. Kummwera kwa dzikolo komanso kanjira apakati, ma tizilombo tosiyanasiyana tambiri nthawi zambiri amapezeka. Tikulankhula za zovuta zakudwala zam'mera chokha chifukwa pali njira zabwino zopewera ndi kuchizira.
Mavuto ngati masiku amvula a chilimwe, kuzizira kwakanthawi komanso kutentha kwotsatira. Ndizotheka kudziwa kuti adyo ali ndi fusarium ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- nthenga zili ndi mtundu wa mandimu;
- tsamba limachotsa, komanso pazovala za adyo, ngati mankhusu amachotsedwa, utoto wofiirira wa pinki, mitsitsi imadziwika;
- mano ali ofewa.
Matendawa nthawi zambiri amayamba kuonekera. Zoyipa za fungal spores secrete, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti adyo yokolola ikhale yosayenera kudya anthu. Mukadya, munthu amatha kudyetsedwa poizoni, kwambiri. Mukufuna dokotala.
Downy khosi
Chizindikiro choyamba cha peronosporosis kapena downy mildew ndi chowonda mawanga pamlengalenga pamtunda wobiriwira, wachikaso, bulauni, imvi kapena utoto. Kenako nthenga zopota zimawonekera.
Pafupi, baka wamba wamba amakula, ndikupanga kusiyana, kukayikira kochulukira.
Dzimbiri
Kuwonongeka kwa chitsulo kumawoneka pafupifupi kofanana ndi kusintha kwa chidutswa cha adyo kachilombo ka hemp fungus (Puccinia) kapena melampora (Melampsora). Madontho a moto wa lalanje amawonetsa pamwamba.
Dera lawo likuwonjezereka. Mitundu ya nthenga za adyo iliyonse imasinthika, chimodzi chimzake. Posakhalitsa mmera umafa.
Khosi zowola
Kwa nthawi yayitali, kuwola kwa khosi kumakhala kosawoneka. Babu ya adyo imadzazidwa ndi fumbi laimvi. Tsinde pamunsi limaphwasuka mzere woyera bwino wokhala ndi malire obiriwira. Ili ndiye gawo la tizilombo tating'onoting'ono.
Zola zowola
Mycelium imapangidwa pambuyo yokolola kapena masika. Kubzala adyo sikumamvekanso chifukwa cha kupezeka kwa spores kumtunda kwa dothi. Koma palibe amene akudziwa za izi. Adawulowera ndi mphepo ndipo zikuwoneka kuti osati iwo okha, komanso bowa wina. Mpweya wozizira kuchokera ku + 9 ... +12 ° C ndi chinyezi chachikulu ndi zomwe zola yoyera imayenera kukula.
Mababu amakhala amadzi, ayamba kuvunda. Mycelium yoyera ikuwonekera pamizu. Gawo lakumwambalo limafa mwadzidzidzi. Pakasungidwa, zimalowa m'mutu. Mycelium yophimbidwa kwathunthu pansi pake ndipo mano ayamba kupukuta.
Kubola kobiriwira kapena kwamtambo
Penicillosis kapena zowola zobiriwira, zomwe zimawoneka pamalopo, sizimayambitsa mavuto ambiri poyerekeza ndi tizilombo tina tomwe tili ndi parasitic. Zomera zake zimafa m'nthaka, nyengo yotsatila sizikhalamo. Koma mbewu yomwe yadwala kale yatuta kale ndikuitumiza kuti isungidwe. Ngakhale adyo wosadziwika posachedwa aphimbidwa ndi mycelium. Madontho opsinjika omwe ali ndi duwa lobiriwira amawonekera pam mano.
Chikombole chakuda kapena aspergillosis
Pameno pankhaniyi, kuphimba zakuda. Poyamba kudziunjikira khosi la nthenga. Pang'onopang'ono imafalikira mkati mwa babu kupendekera pansi ndi kumapeto. Imatha kuwonekera kupyola m'miyeso kapena kukhala yosaoneka.
Mycelium imakula, ndikupangitsa kuvunda kwa ma clove onse mu babu a adyo, kuwononga mbewu.
Matenda a virlic
Mpaka pano, palibe mankhwala omwe angaimitse tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a mbewu. Koma adyo samadwala matenda oyambitsidwa ndi ma virus, omwe ndi owopsa ku mbewu zina zamunda. Amatha kupeza zokongoletsera zamtundu wachikaso. Nkhondo yolimbana nawo imatsikira pakataya zoyenera ndikupewa matenda.
Wachilengedwe Mose
Allium virus (Allium virus I) imagwira ntchito nthawi yotentha, kutentha, ndi chinyezi chambiri. Mutha kuzindikira zizindikiro zotsatila za matendawa:
- mawanga, mikwingwirima pa gawo la mlengalenga - loyera, lachikaso kapena la bulauni;
- masamba ali limpu, drooping;
- nthenga zambiri zimatha.
Zonyamula zake ndi nkhupakupa. Vutoli likhoza kukhalapo kwakanthawi m'nthaka komanso kompositi. Mbewu zodwala zimawotchedwa, ndipo dothi ndi kompositi zimachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kapena acaricidal, mkuwa wamkuwa. Izi ndi zokwanira kuteteza kufalikira komanso kubwezeretsanso mu nyengo yotsatira.
Matalala achikasu
Kachilombo kakang'ono ka anyezi wachikasu (kachilombo ka anyezi chikasu) imafalikira ndi nkhupakupa, nsabwe za m'masamba, udzu wamasamba. Nthenga zimakutidwa ndi zowoneka ngati mandimu, zimakhala zoopsa, zowuma. Kukula kwa tchire kumayima.
Bacteria Garlic matenda
Osati ma virus okha, komanso matenda a bakiteriya ambiri saopa adyo. Chosiyana ndi chowonongeka cha bakiteriya. Kafotokozedwe kazizindikiro zake ithandiza kuteteza mabedi ku mliri. Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti choyambitsa matenda ndi kachilomboka kapena mabakiteriya a adyo nthawi zina chimakhala kugwiritsa ntchito zida zamatenda - magolovesi, fosholo, lembwe, chikwakwa. Mankhwalawa monga kuwerengera, kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndiminyewa ndi madzi kumathandizira kuteteza mbewu.
Bacteriosis kapena kuwola kwa mpira
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda titha kuperekera mabakiteriya m'deralo. Imalowa mu dothi, imalowetsa mbande. Sizimadziwonetsera yokha mu nthawi yonse yakucha pachomera. Zokolola posachedwa zimayamba kuyipa. 
Source: www.5-nt.ru
Mano adakutidwa ndi ulceration wa bulauni, zowola. Mitundu ya adyo, ntchentche yauluka ndi ma nematode ndionyamula mabakiteriya. Ndikofunikira kulimbana nawo, ndikugwiritsanso ntchito fungicides okhala ndi antibacterial katundu.
Tizilombo Zoopsa za Garlic
Kulowetsa adyo ndi njira yotchuka yosinthira tizirombo. Mafuta ofunikira ndi mafuta a sulufule kwa iwo ndi poizoni.
Komabe, mitundu ina imakonda madzi ake. Sichosangalatsa kukhazikika pa adyo.
Ma nsabwe
Tizilombo ting'onoting'ono takuda timatuluka pa Epulo-Juni. Amamwa msuzi wamasamba achichepere, kubisala kumbuyo kwawo. Nthenga za Garlic zimapunduka kuchokera ku izi, kupindika, kuzimiririka. Pankhondo, tikulimbikitsidwa kugula mankhwala osokoneza bongo.
Anyezi njenjete
Tizilombo timadzuka kumapeto. Imakhazikika pamasamba a adyo, ndikupanga mawonekedwe owoneka amdima. Ngati atapezeka munthawi yake, mankhwalawo satenga nthawi yayitali. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yankho la tsabola wofiyira, fodya ndi njira zodziwika bwino zopewera komanso kupewa zomwe zatsimikizira bwino.
Garlic nematode
Ndulu, tsinde, adyo wa mizu, anyezi wambiri, mbatata ya mbatata imakhala yosaoneka, yopuwala mbewu. Mitu ya adyo imawola pansi. Kuti muwone, muyenera ma microscope. Kafukufuku wa Laborator adzazindikira amtunduwo molondola.
Amatha kupezeka pamalo otseguka kunja kwaonyamula. Koma tsinde, mwachitsanzo, silitha kuyenda mtunda wautali. Ngati kutalika kwa 20 cm kusungidwa pakati pa mbande za adyo, chitsamba chimodzi chokha chidzakhala ndi kachilombo.
Kuwaza ndi mankhwala a nematicidal ndiyo njira yofunikira kwambiri yochizira. Kulima marigold pafupi ndi malo omwe adalamo adyo, kulima dothi ndi mkuwa wamkuwa ndi yankho la manganese ndiyo njira zazikulu zopewera matendawa.
Anyezi amaponya
Fodya (anyezi) ndi kupindika amadya madzi kuchokera ku masamba, osalola kuti akule. Ngati nthenga za adyo zikapunduka, zimakhala ndi ntchentche zoyera-chikasu kapena mphutsi, ndiye nthawi yakukonzekera nokha ndi tizilombo.
Chizindikiro cha mizu
Tizilombo touluka tokhala ndi maonekedwe owoneka bwino okhala ndi timiyendo tina tambiri tosuntha timasunthika mwachangu kuchokera m'nthaka ndikuyika babu la adyo ngati chawonongeka. Sakonda adyo, koma anyezi, koma samakonda kukondwerera. Chiwerengero chawo chikhoza kugwera posungira mbewu, zimayamba kukula. Mayankho acaricidal amalepheretsa kukula kwawo, amapereka chitetezo chomera.
