Uta wokongoletsera ukhoza kukhala wokongoletsa weniweni m'mundamu. Omwe alimi ambiri samamupeputsa. Pakadali pano, gulu la anyezi (ku Latin "Allium") ndi la banja la a Liliaceae ndipo siliwoneka oyipa kuposa oyimira ake ena.
Allium - uta wokongoletsa: mitundu yotchuka
Mu nyama zamtchire, allium (uta wokongoletsa) ali ndi mitundu pafupifupi 700. Zimagawidwa ku Northern Hemisphere, koma zimapezeka kwambiri ku Mediterranean ndi Asia. Kokha ku Europe ku Russia kuli mitundu yoposa 40 yomwe kuthengo imatha kukula m'malo osiyanasiyana: m'mapiri a mitsinje, nkhalango, zipululu, komanso ngakhale pamiyala.
Uta wokongoletsa
Zambiri! Dzinalo Lachilatini la mtunduwu limachokera ku liwu la Celtic "Onse", omwe amamasulira kuti "kuwotcha". Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya zomera, kuphatikiza zokongoletsera, ndizokoma kwambiri komanso zili ndi mafuta ambiri ofunika.
Monga chikhalidwe, allium wakula kwa zaka zoposa 300. Nthawi yomweyo, mitundu 40 ya mbewuyi ndi mitundu yake yambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mawonekedwe amakono.
Mitundu yonse yolimidwa ya allium ndi zomera zosatha za herbaceous zomwe mababu ndi ma rhizomes amatha kusungidwa pansi zaka zingapo, pomwe mbali zake zam'mlengalenga zimafa.
Ngakhale mitundu yosiyanasiyana imatha kusiyanasiyana maonekedwe ake, masamba ake nthawi zonse amakhala owiritsa komanso amaso. Koma mawonekedwe awo amatha kusiyanasiyana: pali masamba athyathyathya, opendekera kapena osalala. Kutalika kwake kumasiyana kuchokera pa 1 mpaka 15 cm. Kuphatikiza apo, kutalika kwa mbewuzo kumatha kukhala kosiyana: zimatha kudumphika mpaka 15 cm, ndipo zimatha kufika 1.5 m.
Uta wokongoletsa waku Bulgaria
Mtunduwu ndi umodzi mwabwino kwambiri. Chitsamba chake chimatha kutalika mamita 0.9. Zokongoletsa za anyezi wa Bulgaria zimayenda bwino kwambiri. Ma inflorescence ake amafanana ndi mipira yayikulu yomwe yatengedwa kuchokera ku mabelu oyera buluu.
Uta wokongoletsa waku Bulgaria
Allium Gladiator
Zosiyanasiyana zimakula mpaka 100 cm. Masamba ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wakuda. Allium Gladiator limamasula ndi maluwa ofanana ndi mawonekedwe a nyenyezi ndikukhala ndi mitulu isanu ndi umodzi. Amasiyanitsidwa ndi hulender hulender yachilendo komanso fungo labwino, lonunkhira pang'ono.
Ma inflorescence ake ndi akulu kwambiri, amatha kufikira 20 cm, ndipo nthawi zina ochulukirapo. Utoto wokongoletsa wosiyanasiyana umawoneka bwino kwambiri m'miyala ndi m'mapiri a kumapiri. Ponena za anzawo, amatha kukhala okulirapo mdera la ndevu.
Bow Gladiator
Globmaster
Globmaster ndi uta wachilendo kwambiri wokongoletsa. Imafika kutalika masentimita 90, ndipo inflorescence yake imawerengedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwamabanja. Kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 20 cm, koma chochititsa chidwi ndikuti imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera kumaluwa yaying'ono yopitilira 1,500, omwe imapangitsa kuti ikhale yolimba kwambiri komanso yolemera. Chifukwa chake, tsinde la mtunduwu ndi lamphamvu kwambiri kotero kuti limatha kupirira zonse zanyengo, ngati mvula kapena mphepo.
Nthawi yamaluwa ya allium Globmaster imayamba mu theka lachiwiri la Meyi. Apa ndipamene maluwa ake ofiirira adavumbulutsidwa. Maluwa amapitilira pafupifupi mwezi.
Allium Purple Surance
Kusintha kwina kwa uta wokongoletsa ndi allium hybrid Purple Suction. Amasiyana m'munsi kwambiri mpaka 70 cm. Koma masamba ake ndiakulu, mpaka 4 cm.
Tcherani khutu! Limamasula mu inflorescences yayikulu, kukumbukira mawonekedwe a mbale komanso kuphatikiza maluwa ang'onoang'ono ambiri ofiirira.
Allium Tsitsi
Ili ndiye mtundu wachilendo kwambiri wa uta wokongoletsa. Kutalika kwa tsinde ku Hair allium kuli pafupifupi 130-140 cm.
Masamba ake otchedwa inflorescence amatchedwa mipira, koma mwapamwamba kwambiri chifukwa cha mawonekedwe achilendo a maluwa, amakumbukira tsitsi losasinthika. Kutalika kwa mpira wotere ndi kocheperako, pafupifupi 7-8 masentimita, koma akuwoneka bwino kwambiri. Ma inflorescence ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira, koma mkati mwake ndi pinki.
Allium Sphaerocephalon
Allium-headed allium (Sphaerocephalon) ndi mtundu wina wotchuka wa anyezi wokongoletsa. Dongosolo lake limafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 60. Mababu ake ndi ochepa, ali ndi mainchesi pafupifupi 2 cm, ndipo ali ovoid mawonekedwe.
Anyezi wokhala ndi mutu wozungulira
Ma inflorescence amtunduwu ndi maambulera akhungu kwambiri okhala ozungulira. Amatha kutalika pafupifupi masentimita anayi. Maambulera amakhala ndi maluwa ambiri ofanana ndi mabelu. Mphamvu zawo zimakhala zazitali pang'ono kuposa zazithunzizi, motero kuchokera kutali ma inflorescence amenewa amawoneka kuti ndiosalala. Mphukira zamitundu yozungulira yozungulira imakhala ndi zobiriwira zobiriwira. Koma atatsegula, mtundu wawo umasinthika kukhala phale lotchedwa red-violet.
Allium White Cloud
Allium White Cloud ili ndi dzina lina - anyezi wa mphesa. Chifukwa cha olimba, ngati kuti mumatupa pang'ono, tsinde ndi ma inflorescence oyera oyera oyera, ndipo makamaka ndikufanana ndi mtambo, idzasanduka kukongoletsa kwenikweni kwa dimba. M'mawonekedwe ake, mbewuyi imafanana ndi maluwa oyera a Mount Everest allium, anyezi wina wokongoletsa.
Mitambo "yamitambo" imachita maluwa mochedwa kwambiri poyerekeza ndi mitundu ina, limamasuwa kokha mu June. Koma amakondweretsa woperekayo mpaka Seputembara.
Bow Bowbmaster
Allium Giganteum
Mu allium Giganteum (kapena anyezi wamkulu), zigawo zonse za chomeracho zikuwoneka zazikulu. Chifukwa chake, mainchesi a bulb ndi osachepera 5-7 masentimita, masamba obiriwira kapena nthawi zambiri amtundu wobiriwira amafikira kutalika kwa 10 cm, ndipo kutalika kwa phesi la maluwa ndi masentimita 150. Koma ambulera yotulutsa yokha imakhala yaying'ono, 10 cm. Koma ndichopanda kwambiri ndipo chili ndi maluwa ambiri okhala ndi nyenyezi omwe ali ndi utoto wofiirira. Izi zimamasula kumapeto kwa Meyi. Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri ndi Rose Giant.
Allium Moth
Allium Moli ali ndi mayina angapo, kuphatikizapo anyezi wagolide. Inde, imasiyana ndi mitundu ina yonse kutalika kwa chitsamba ndi mawonekedwe ake. Tsinde la mbewu limafikira kutalika masentimita 25. Masamba ake ndi osalala, ali ndi mtundu wobiriwira wonyezimira kwambiri. Koma maluwa pawokha ndi akulu, achikaso kapenanso golide wagolide. Mapaundiwo amawoneka okongola. Izi zimamasulira mu June, zimapatsa mundawo mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri komanso osangalatsa.
Allium Blue
Chofunikira kwambiri cha Caeruleum allium ndi inflorescence yake yamtambo yowala. Kutalika kwa inflorescence ndi mpaka masentimita 5. Kuphatikiza apo, mu mipira yowala iyi ya buluu, limodzi ndi maluwa, mtundu wamtundu ungapangidwe, wofanana ndi mipira kapena thovu, kotero amachedwa ma nerds ndi botanists. Pomwe matendawa amakula, amatha kusintha mtundu kuchoka pabuluu kukhala pinki.
Tcherani khutu! Tchire lokha limafikira masentimita 80. Masamba ake ndi opyapyala, opambanitsa, kutalika kwake mpaka 1 cm.
Anyezi wabwino
Mtundu wosazolowereka wa duwa umadzitama ngati Neopolitanum, ndiye kuti uta wokongoletsa wa Neapolitan. Tsinde lake limafikira kutalika kwa masentimita 50. Ma Peduncle ali ndi mawonekedwe a ambulera yokhala ndi hemispherical, yopangidwa ndi maluwa okongola a pinki, akulu kwambiri. Pali mitundu, yomwe ili ndi maluwa oyera ngati chipale, komabe, ma botanist ena amatha kuwasiyanitsa pawokha.
Tcherani khutu! Popanga mawonekedwe, Neapolitanum imagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhazikitsa magulu.
Pali mitundu ina yosangalatsa ya uta yokongoletsera. Mwachitsanzo, ku Schubert allium, m'mimba mwake mulitali wa maluwa ndi pafupifupi masentimita 30. Komanso, mawonekedwe ake onse ali ndi kutalika kosiyanasiyana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti duwa lathunthu lizioneka lotayirira, ngakhale likuwoneka lochititsa chidwi kwambiri. Allenium Millenium ili ndi zabwino zake, kutalika kwa tchire ndi 40-50 cm okha, koma ma inflorescence ndi akulu kwambiri komanso olimba.
Kodi ndizotheka kudya zokongoletsera za allium uta
Si mitundu yonse ya anyezi yomwe ingadyedwe. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti amatha kukhala ndi kakomedwe kowotcha komanso kosangalatsa kuposa zonunkhira zobiriwira zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa saladi. Omwe amamuyandikira kwambiri ndi Allium Gladiator. Komanso uta wokongoletsa wabuluu umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika.
Tsitsi Loweruka
Allium White Cloud imakhala ndi mafuta ambiri ofunikira, koma amawapatsa kununkhira kwakanunkhira ndi kununkhira. Mutha kudya zomwe zimayambira, koma izi ndizokometsera kwa amateur. Koma, mwachitsanzo, uta wokongoletsa wa Aflatun sikuyenera kudya ayi.
Zambiri zaukadaulo waulimi
Ndipo allium ya Bulgaria, ndi ya buluu, ndi anyezi wa Neapolitan alibe zofunika zapadera zadothi kapena chinyezi. Koma kwenikweni mitundu yonse ya anyezi yokongoletsera imakula bwino pamadothi otayirira, osalowerera kapena pang'ono amchere. Kukula maluwa oterewa ndi ntchito yomwe ngakhale woyambitsa woyamba sangakwanitse, muyenera kuphunzira malamulo oyamba.
Kuwulula ndi chisamaliro
Chomera chimafuna dothi lokhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira, koma chomasuka kuti chisaswekere madzi, chifukwa chimatha kubweretsa kuwola kwa mababu. Ndikofunikanso kuti anyezi wokongoletsera asankhe malo owala bwino, popeza mitundu yambiri ndi yojambula (kupatula pa anyezi wa Moth, imamverera bwino pamthunzi wocheperako, komanso imakula bwino poyera). Mukamasankha malo, muyenera kuganizira magawo onse a dimba.
Zofunika! Popanga mawonekedwe, allium angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Nthawi zambiri imabzalidwa m'miyala ndi m'mapiri a kumapiri, komanso m'malo ophatikizika. Ndiwokoma pagululo. Koma nthawi yomweyo, ndikofunikira kubzala mitundu yayitali ngati anyezi wamkulu kumbuyo, ndi kutsogolo - otsika, monga allium Moth.
Musanagule mbewu zamtundu wina, muyenera kuwerenga mosamala zomwe zalembedwazi. Mitundu ina ndi yoyenera kudula, nayo mutha kupanga zokongola. Ndikofunikanso kudziwa pafupi ndi maluwa omwe angamere.
Pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya anyezi yokongoletsera ndiosagwira chisanu. Komabe, pali mitundu ina yomwe m'malo a Chigawo cha Moscow iyenera kuti itetezedwa nthawi yozizira.
Izi sizifunikira chisamaliro chapadera. Chachikulu ndichakuti mugwiritse dothi powazungulira kuti apange nyengo yabwino yoyambira mizu ndi masamba. Zopangira feteleza zimagwiritsidwanso ntchito mumwaka. Koma organic nthawi zambiri osavomerezeka.
Kusamalira mbewuyi kumafunikanso kuthirira nthawi zonse. Ngati anyezi wokongoletsera sakhala ndi chinyezi, masamba ake amasiya kukula, ndipo sipamayankhulanso maluwa okongola.
Kubzala mbewu
Pali njira ziwiri zobzala kufalikira - ndi mbewu ndi masamba. Zotsirizazi zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito mababu wamba kapena ana - mababu ang'onoang'ono omwe amapezeka pamababu pawokha.
Mwambiri, anyezi wokongoletsera amatha kukula kwa nthawi yayitali pamalo omwewo, ndikupanga nkhokwe zokongola kwambiri, koma akatswiri sawalimbikitsa kuti angolole kukula kotere, chifukwa motere, mosaletseka, mababu amakhala ochepa ndipo chomera sichikutulutsa bwino kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, kuti chomera chikhale bwino, ndikofunikira kuti chiziigawa ndikuchigulitsa mwina zaka zinayi zilizonse, makamaka makamaka kangapo.
Kupinda zokongoletsera Mount Everest
M'mikhalidwe ya Central Russia, akatswiri amalimbikitsa kuti azichita izi chaka chilichonse. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu yobiriwira yomwe imakhala mdziko muno kuthengo imamera ku Central Asia, ndipo dera lino limadziwika ndi chilala cha chilimwe komanso thaw pafupipafupi nthawi yozizira. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mbewu izi sizimasinthidwa kuti zizikhala mumvula nthawi yayitali kukakhala nthawi yachilimwe. Mwachidziwikire, nyengo zoterezi ndizodziwika bwino kwa theka lanyengo yachilimwe ku madera ambiri aku Europe ku Russia. Kuti mababu asayambe kuvunda, ayenera kuchotsedwa pansi.
Funso limadzuka liti kukumba allium. Akatswiri amati izi ziyenera kuchitika masamba atafa. Mababu okumba ayenera kuwuma, pambuyo pake amatha kusungidwa bwino muzipinda (komanso ndi mpweya wabwino) kufikira mutabzala. Izi zimachitika kumapeto, kumapeto kwa Okutobala, ngati nyengo ilibe chilolezo: payenera kukhala kutentha ndi kouma. Kuzama kubzala kwambiri kungakhale mpaka 20 cm. Mtunda pakati pawo, kutengera mitundu, ungakhalepo kuyambira 5 mpaka 25. Mababu akulu ayenera kubzalidwa mozama kuposa ang'onoang'ono.
Tcherani khutu! Tinthu tambiri tambiri tokhala anyezi wa rhizome (ndipo mitundu yotereyi imapezeka) iyenera kugawidwa mchaka kapena kale mu Ogasiti, ndikusankha magawo omwe ali ndi mizu yokwanira (iwo amabzala pansi).
Kubzala mbewu za mbewu kumachitika mu kugwa. Chowonadi ndi chakuti mu mitundu yambiri, kuti kumera bwino, mbewu zimafunikira kuzizira pang'ono. Koma wina sayenera kuganiza kuti mchaka chimodzi kapena ziwiri zitheke kusangalala ndi maluwa. Mbande pachimake osati kale kuposa chaka chachitatu kapena chachinayi, ndipo nthawi zina pambuyo pake. Koma ngati zonse zidachitidwa moyenera, maluwa ake amakhala chisangalalo chenicheni kwa wobzala.
Chifukwa chake, anyezi wokongoletsera sikuti ndikukongoletsa m'mundamu, komanso zokometsera zosangalatsa zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito pokonza masaladi. Kodi sichikhalidwe chamtundu wanji chokomera nzilimwe?
