Kutalika kuyambira nkhuku ndi mnzake wa munthu m'moyo. Mitundu ya nkhuku, azungu a ku Russian, ndi imodzi mwa mitundu yofala kwambiri ya mazira pakati pa mayiko a CIS.
Chifukwa cha kutchuka kwake, mungathe kukomana naye m'minda yamapiri ndi nkhuku, ndi katundu wawo m'masitolo.
Abambo obereketsa zaka 20 adatsogolera ntchito kulenga mtundu uwu. Chifukwa chake, analandira mtundu woyera wa Chirasha, ndipo wachiwiri wa dzina lake "Snow White".
Aliyense amene anaganiza zogulitsa nkhuku ayenera kuyamba ndi kuswana kwa mtundu uwu. Mtundu uwu sumafuna ndalama zamtengo wapatali.
Mbiri ya kubala mtundu wotchuka
Mitundu yoyera ya ku Russia inalumikizidwa ndi kudutsa amuna a mtundu wa Leghorn wosiyana ndi chiyambi (Danish, English, American) ndi akazi athu "oyera". Ntchito yoyamba pa mtunduwu inayamba mu 1929. Ndipo pazaka 24 zapitazi zinakhazikitsidwa, zinadutsa muyeso yaitali.
Ntchito yobereka pa mtundu umenewu inkapangidwa kuti ipangidwe kuwonjezeka kwa dzira. Ndipo mu 1953, inavomerezedwa.
M'dziko lonse la Soviet Union, nkhuku zoyera za ku Russia zinagwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha poyerekeza ndi dzira, ndi zina zotero mpaka 1965. Kuchita panthawiyi kunali mazira 190 pachaka olemera makilogalamu 60.
Mu minda ya nkhuku yomwe idalumikiza mtunduwu, obereketsawo anafika pazithunzizo Mazira 200 pachakandipo nthawi zina zambiri. Koma nthawi inadutsa, ndipo mtunduwu unayamba kukolola ku zokolola zawo kudziko lachizungu loyera. Kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu iyi kunkafika mazira 50, ndi kulemera kwathunthu kwa kilogalamu zitatu pachaka.
Chifukwa chakuti mtunduwo sunathe kukhala wofunikira, mu 1990 chiwerengero chawo chinachepera pafupifupi anthu mamiliyoni atatu. Malingaliro akuti, mu 1975 chiwerengero chawo chinali mbalame pafupifupi 30 miliyoni.
M'nthawi yathu ino, mtundu umenewu wapitirizabe kuwerengera ku Turkmenistan, Azerbaijan ndi Turkmenistan. Ngakhale abambo athu sanaiwale mtundu uwu ndikupitiriza kugwira ntchito kuti awonjezere zokolola zake, akuyembekeza kuwonjezera ntchito.
Odyetsa amayembekezera kuti posachedwapa, mtundu woyera wa Russian udzapikisana ndi mitundu yachilendo.
Kufotokozera za mtundu woyera wa Russia wa nkhuku
Chizungu chaku Russia chimafotokozedwa ndi zizindikiro monga kunja:
- Mutu uli bwino bwino ndipo uli ndi kukula kwapakatikati.
- Amuna achizungu a ku Russia ali ndi chisa chachikulu chamtundu wa masamba omwe ali ndi mano asanu. Ndipo chisa cha nkhuku chimasinthidwa pang'ono kumbali.
- Mlomowu ndi wolimba, wachikasu.
- Makutu ndi oyera.
- Khosi ndi lakuda, pafupifupi kutalika.
- Mbalame zili ndi chifuwa chachikulu.
- Nthenda ya mbalameyi imakhala yofiira, ndipo kumbuyo kuli kovuta.
- Mimba ya mtunduwu imakhala yovuta kwambiri.
- Mapiko a mbalame amapangidwa bwino ndipo amatha bwino kwambiri thupi.
- Miyendo ndi yachikasu, mphuno ikusowa.
- Mchira kutalika, ndibwino kwambiri.
- Mbalame zonse za mtundu uwu zili ndi mtundu womwewo.
- Nkhuku zazing'ono zimaphimbidwa ndi chikasu chachikasu, chomwe chimachotsedwa ndi mvula yoyera pamene ikukula.
Ndi zinthu ziti zomwe zingadziwikire mtundu?
Monga tanenera kale, nkhuku zoyera za ku Russia amatanthauza kukolola kwa dzira, ndipo m'minda yake idalidwa chifukwa cha icho. Kuwonjezera apo, mtundu uwu unasankhidwa pofuna kukana tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, maopopu.
Chifukwa cha njirayi, mtundu uwu ndi wokondweretsa kwambiri m'makampani a zachilengedwe, omwe amapanga mankhwala otetezeka.
Mitundu yoyera ya ku Russia ikhoza kubzalidwa, monga mu minda yaikulu ya nkhuku, ndi mnyumba.
Komanso, alimi a nkhuku amatha kuyamba kugwira ntchitoyi ndi mtundu woyera wa Russian, popeza ndi wodzichepetsa ku zikhalidwe za ukaidi ndipo safuna chidwi chenicheni.
Mbalame za mtundu umenewu zimakhala ndi matenda abwino, mbalame zikuluzikulu zimakhala ndi chitetezo cha 91%, ndipo nyama zinyama pafupifupi 96%.
Ndi makhalidwe otani omwe amasonyeza mtunduwo
- Mtundu wa Chizungu waku Russia siwombera mchitidwe wa ndende ndi kudyetsa
- Chizindikiro chofunika ndi kukana kwa mphuno.
- Mbalame za mtundu uwu zimagonjetsedwa ndi matenda, akuluakulu ndi achinyamata.
- Nkhuku zili ndi mazira abwino.
Kodi zolondola za mtunduwu ndi ziti?
Pali njira zingapo zosunga mtundu. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi mbali zabwino ndi zolakwika, zomwe muyenera kudziwa pamene mukubala mtundu uwu.
Mitundu yoyera ya ku Russia ikhoza kusungidwa zovuta. Njira iyi yokhutira ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa eni eni madera akuluakulu.
Chofunika cha njirayi ndi kusunga mbalame mu chipinda chokhala ndi zinyalala pansi. Nthawi zambiri mbalame zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mumsewu, zomwe zimapangitsa mlimi kupanga nkhuku, chifukwa mbalame zimayamba kudya tirigu, tizilombo ndi udzu wobiriwira.
Koma m'pofunika kudziwa kuti mbalame sizingakhale zazikulu kwambiri, chifukwa zimapondereza udzu wonse ndikudya tizilombo tonse. Komanso, pali mbalame zambiri zomwe zimayambitsa matenda opatsirana.
Chinthuchi n'chakuti n'zosatheka kuwona mbalame zonse pamadera ambiri, choncho mlimi amafunika nthawi yochuluka kuti azigwiritsa ntchito pazenera zake. Kuwonjezera apo, nkhuku yanu iliyonse ingakhale ndi chidwi chofuna kudziwa zomwe zili pa gawo loletsedwa kwa iwo ndipo zimakhala zofunkha kwa msodzi aliyense.
Kuti mbalame zanu zizikhala zotetezeka kwa iwo gawo liyenera kutetezedwa, kuti ateteze ku ziweto.
Mu alimi odziwa nkhuku zambiri malo otchedwa solarium. Malo omwe mbalamezi zimapatsidwa ziyenera kukhala zolimba, kuti padzakhalanso zovuta poyeretsa.
Mlimi wa nkhuku sasowa kupanga dothi pansi pa malo oyendayenda, chifukwa nthawi yamvula idzasanduka dothi ndikumafalitsa mabakiteriya omwe simusowa konse.
Nkhuku yoweta nkhuku yomwe singathe kupereka mbalame zake ndi dera lalikulu iyenera kukhala yokonzedwa mabatire a maselo. Zakudya za nkhuku zoyera za ku Russia zidzakulolani kuti mupulumutse malo.
Kuonjezerapo, mlimi akhoza kugwira ntchito tsiku lililonse ndikuyang'ana ma ward ake. Pansi mu chipinda cha nkhuku chimakhala choyera nthawi zonse, chifukwa mbalame zidzatha nthawi yambiri yosungirako. Koma njira iyi yosunga nkhuku ili ndi zovuta zambiri.
Inde, pali zambiri mu makina omwe alibe chakudya chochepa, chifukwa amatha kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zochepa. Komabe, mlimi wokhala ndi mbalame zamagetsi ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa nthawi zonse zomwe zimakhala ndi microclimate mu nkhuku coop.
Kutentha kwambiri kapena kutentha ndi chinyezi kungayambitse matenda mu zinyama. Zisonyezero za kuchepa kwapadera kwa mpweya siziyenera kukhala zoposa 70%. Kutentha kwa mphepo nthawi yozizira sikuyenera kukhala osachepera madigiri -2 Celsius, ndipo mu nyengo yofunda yosapitirira +27 degrees Celsius.
Ndi kuchepa kwakukulu mu kutentha mu mbalame akhoza kuzimitsa scallops ndi ndolo. Komanso mbalame Kuchita mazira kumachepakoma kudya chakudya kumakhala kofanana kapena kuwonjezeka.
Kutentha kumakhudzanso mbalame, chilakolako chawo chichepa, chomwe chidzakhudza kwambiri mazira. Kusasowa kwa madzi kumakhudza kwambiri mbalame ndi kuchepetsa zokolola.
Mitundu yonse yodyetsa mbalame zazing'ono
Nkhuku zoyera za ku Russia kumayambiriro kwa chitukuko zimadyetsedwa ngati broilers. Nyenyezi zimayenera kudyetsedwa kawiri kapena katatu patsiku. Pomwe kukula kwa achinyamata kumawonjezeka, komanso kusowa kwawo kwa chakudya, pamene akukula, kuchepetsa mapuloteni mu zakudya mbalame.
Mpaka masabata asanu ndi atatu, nkhuku siziyenera kuchepetsedwa ku chakudya, koma patatha miyezi iwiri muyenera kuchepetsa mbalame 20 peresenti, ndizofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa mbalame ngati aliyense atha kupeza chakudya.
Nkhuku zazing'ono akuyenera kudyetsedwa osati lalikulu pellets feed, koma mwana. Pa kuyamwa kwake amafunika nthawi yaitali. Ndipo amachepetsanso mwayi wochitira miseche pakati pa nkhuku.
Pakutha masabata 21 a moyo kwa mbalame zazing'ono, ayenera kuyamba kudya ngati mbalame yaikulu. Zakudya zabwino za mbalame zazing'ono ndi zazikulu zimakhala zosiyana ndi zina zomwe ena ali ndi mchere wambiri wa calcium. Mcherewu umathandiza kunyamula mazira ndi zipolopolo zowonongeka ndi kuchepetsa mwayi wa dzira.
Ndikofunika kukonzekera mbalame zazing'ono kuti zinyamule mazira. Pochita izi, chakudyachi chiyenera kuwonjezera mapuloteni. Ndi thandizo lake, njira yoberekera ya mtundu woyera wa ku Russia ukukula mofulumira, komanso mlingo wa mazira opangidwa ndi dzira umawonjezeka.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za kudyetsa nkhuku.
Zinsinsi zodyetsa mbalame zazikulu za mtundu woyera wa Russian ku nkhuku
Nkhuku yoyera yaku Russia imafunika kudyetsedwa kawiri pa tsiku ndi chakudya chokwanira. Koma muyenera kudziwa zimenezo wodyetsa sangathe kudzazidwa ndi kukwerachifukwa nkhuku zidzabalalitsa chirichonse.
Kudya mbalame kudzakhala kokwanira kuzidzaza ndi 2/3 ya wodyetsa. Ngati mwasankha kudyetsa mbalame ndi chakudya chakuda, ndiye kuti ndalamazo zichepetse. Nkhuku zodyera ziyenera kudya kwa theka la ora, chifukwa zimachepa msanga ndipo zimachepetsa kuchuluka kwa zakudya.
Nkhuku zikadya chakudya chawo, m'pofunika kusamba kuti tizilombo tisasudzule. Alimi ovomerezeka a nkhuku amafunika kudziwa kuti kuyambira chiyambi cha dzira kupanga mbalame mpaka zaka 48, dzira lawo limakula mosalekeza.
Izo zikuti iwo ayenera kuti azidyetsedwa mochuluka kuposa nthawizonse. Pambuyo pake, kuika mazira kumachepa. Izi zimafika pazomwe zili pamsinkhu wa zaka 48. Komanso panthawiyi, mtundu wa Russia wakuda umasiya kukula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti kuchuluka kwa chakudya kungachepetse.
Pafupifupi magalamu 120 a chakudya pa nyama imadya tsiku lililonse. Mu chaka chiri pafupifupi 44 kilograms.
Ngati chakudya chobiriwira chikuphatikizidwa mu nkhuku za tsiku ndi tsiku, chakudya chonse chiyenera kuwonjezeka mpaka 170 magalamu patsiku. Chifukwa chaichi, kuchepa kwa chakudya chochepa kumachepetsedwa, komanso, kukolola ndi nkhuku zowonjezeka kumawonjezeka chifukwa cha zinthu zowonongeka bwino mu chakudya chobiriwira.
Mukamakankha mbalame dzungu mungathe kupewa matenda ambiri.
Kodi ndi zizindikiro zotani za mtundu waku Russia wa nkhuku?
Dzira lalikulu pa nkhuku pa chaka ndi 200 mpaka miyezi khumi ndi iwiri yoyamba. Kuchuluka kwa dzira ndi pafupifupi magalamu 56. Koma pali eni olemba nkhuku amene amapereka komanso 244 mazira pachaka.
Zimakhala kuti amanyamula mazira pafupifupi 300 pachaka, koma izi ndizosowa kwambiri. Nkhuku zoyera ku Russia zimayamba kuthamanga miyezi isanu, kotero mungathe kuyembekezera kulandira ndalama mwamsanga.
Popeza mtundu uwu unadulidwa okha mazira, ndiye Kulima kwa nyama kwa mbalame za mtundu uwu kwavutika kwambiri. Kulemera kwake kwa nkhuku imodzi ndi pafupifupi 1.8 kilogalamu, ndipo tambala amasiyanasiyana ndi 2 mpaka 2.5 kilograms.
Nkhuku zoyera zaku Russia zimakhala ndi mazira abwino kwambiri. Mtundu uwu udakali wotchuka m'madera ena a dziko monga kale.
Mtundu uwu ndi woyenera kwa alimi oyamba kumene, sizowoneka bwino m'magulu ake komanso kudya. Makamaka mbalame zazikulu zimatha kupewa matenda. Mitunduyi imatha kusungidwa pa nyumba ya chilimwe, yomwe ndi yabwino kwambiri kwa alimi amodzi.
