Kuti kuthamanga nkhaka za fruiting, mbande obzalidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha: amphamvu, wamkulu, wokonzeka kuika maluwa.
M'kupita kwa nthawi, mbande zokalidwa zimakula mosalekeza ndipo sizikudwala. Ikhoza kukula kuchokera ku mbewu kapena kugula pamsika. Olima amalonda amayenera kuyesera njira ziwiri ndikusankha bwino.
Nkhaka mbande: kugula kapena kukula?
Ambiri amaluwa osangalatsa amakonda kugula mbande yokonzeka. Njira iyi ili ndi ubwino wambiri: kuthekera kusunga nthawi, sankhani zomera mmalo mwa kukula.
Kugulidwa kuyenera kuchitidwa ku malo osungirako ana kapena malo odyera. Pali nthawizonse kusankha mitundu yosiyana ndi hybrids yoyenera kudera linalake. Kwa ogulitsa ambiri amalandira kuchotsera kwakukulu.
Njira ina ndiyo kugula pazifukwa zapadera kwa wamaluwa ndi wamaluwa, zomwe kawirikawiri zimakonzedwa kumapeto kwa kasupe. Pa zokondwerero zoterozo nthawi zambiri amakhala osankhidwa kwambiri komanso mitengo yabwino.
Pogula izo ndikofunikira kufotokoza dzina la zosiyanasiyana, fufuzani ngati kuvala kunkagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zofunika ndi zaka za zomera. Kutsekera mwamsanga mu wowonjezera kutentha kumayenera mbande zitatu. Zomera zathanzi zili ndi mtundu wowala, masamba amphamvu ndi zimayambira popanda kuwonongeka.
Kukula nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha mbande kumakhalanso ndi ubwino wambiri. Nthawi yeniyeni yobzala, kuchuluka ndi ubwino wa feteleza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu distillation. Komanso, pofesa nkhaka za mbande za wowonjezera kutentha, wolima munda amasankha yekha. Kuwonjezera apo mbewu ngakhale mitundu yabwino kwambiri ndi yofunika mtengo wotsika kwambiri kuposa zomera zakula.
Kusankha ndi kukonzekera mbewu
Kodi mbewu za nkhaka ndi bwino kudzala mu wowonjezera kutentha? Kuti mbande zamphamvu zikhale zofunika mbewu zabwino. Kumera bwino kumapereka mbeu zaka 3-4 mutatha kukolola. Mitundu ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana imasungidwa kwa zaka 10 popanda kutaya khalidwe. Kuti agwiritse ntchito mbewu za kotuta chaka chatha sali ovomerezeka, ayenera kupuma kwa nyengo zina 2-3.
Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mbewu zomwe zimakula paokha. Komabe, mitundu yambiri yotchedwa F1 hybrids si yoyenera kubzala mbewu, zomera zazing'ono sizikhala ndi zofunikira.
Kusonkhanitsa okha kapena kupatsidwa m'manja mwa nkhaka - mbewu za greenhouses, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, mukulowa mumadzi otsekemera a potassium permanganate kapena mwatsopano wothira madzi a alogi. Mbewu za mafakitale zimakonzedwa zisanagulitsidwe ndipo sizikusowa njira zowonjezera.
Musanafese mbewu muyenera tulukani, kusankha wosayera ndi wopanda kanthu. Izi zikutsatiridwa ndi kukonzekera mbewu.
Mbeu zikulumikizidwa mu nsalu yonyowa ya thonje yotupa ndikufalikira pa mbale. M'malo mwa nsalu, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito ubweya wa thonje kapena zigawo zingapo za gauze. Nkofunika kuonetsetsa kuti mbeu siziuma.
Pamene kudzala nkhaka mbewu za mbande za wowonjezera kutentha? Ena wamaluwa amalimbikitsa poyamba kugwira kuumitsa mbewu. Mbewu yophimbidwa mu nsalu imayikidwa m'chipinda chapansi cha firiji kwa 48-56 maola. Mbewu ziyenera kukhala zouma komanso zisanamere. Pambuyo kuumitsa, nthawi yomweyo amafesedwa miphika. Mbeu yokonzeka imamera palimodzi, musadwale komanso mosalekerera kuika kotsatira.
Mizinga ndi nthaka
Nkhaka mbande akhoza kuikidwa mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena m'nyumba. Kubzala ndi kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito peat kapena mapepala apulasitiki, makapu amapepala ndi zina. Nkhaka sizimakonda kuika, kotero zimasunthidwa ndi kusamutsidwa, ndi kusungidwa kwa dothi.
Nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, mbande zimakonda kuwala zamchere kapena ndale. Nthaka kusakaniza ikuphatikiza pa maziko a munda nthaka kapena turf ndi Kuwonjezera wakale humus ndi osambitsidwa mchenga. Dothi liyenera kukhala lotayirira kwambiri. Kuti akhale ndi thanzi labwino, superphosphate ndi phulusa zimayambika. 
Magalasi amadzaza, nthaka imaphwanya mopepuka. Mbewu 1-2 zimabzalidwa mu thanki iliyonse. Nkhaka sizilekerera kukolola bwino, kotero n'zosavuta kuchotsa ofooka sapling, popanda kugwira amene amakula ndi amphamvu.
Mbewu imakula kwambiri kuposa 1 masentimita. Makapu amamangiriridwa mwamphamvu pansi poto. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zitsulozo sizitha kutembenuka, mbande zimakhala zofooka komanso zimatha mosavuta.
Kusamalira mmera
Mbeu zabzala zimayikidwa m'malo otentha. Kutentha kwabwino kwa kumera mofulumira ndi madigiri 26-28. Pakati pa kutentha kwapansi, njira yopsekera ikuchedwa, mphukira ndi yofooka. Zomera zimakhoza kuphimbidwa ndi galasi kapena nsalu yonyowa pokonza kuti pakhale wowonjezera kutentha ndi kufulumira kumera.
Pamene mphukira imawoneka pamwamba pa dziko lapansi, kutentha mu chipinda chiyenera kuchepetsedwa kufika madigiri 20-22. Pamene ikukula, nthaka imathiridwa miphika.
Mabokosi okhala ndi mbande ayenera kukhala pamdima, mumthunzi umabala bwino kutambasuka ndi kutuluka. Mu wowonjezera kutentha, mabokosi omwe ali ndi mbande amakhala okwera pamwamba, pansi pa nyali zamagetsi. Pamene zomera zikukula, nyali zimatuluka.
Ngati mbande ikukula m'nyumba, ndi bwino kuyika pawindo lomwe likuyang'ana chakummwera. Kutentha kwambiri dzuwa likambula ndikutseka filimuyo. Amabalalitsa kutentha kwa miyendo ndipo amatetezera mphukira zakuda kuchokera pazithunzi.
Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira ndondomeko ya kuthirira. Pambuyo pofesa nthaka ndi wothira botolo lazitsulo, kuteteza kuti lisayambe. Pakubwera kwa majeremusi, nthaka imathiriridwa kuchokera kumadzi okwanira ndi madzi ofunda, okhazikika kawiri pa sabata.
Pambuyo pa mawonekedwe a masamba awiri awiriwa, mbande zikhoza kudyetsedwa ndi amadzimadzi njira yowonjezera ya mchere feteleza kapena kutsanulira ndi madzi a phulusa. Chovala chimodzi chokwanira ndi chokwanira, pambuyo pake umuna udzakwaniritsidwa pambuyo pa kukonzanso kwa nkhaka pa mabedi obiriwira.
Masabata awiri mutabzala, mbande zakulamafunika mkwiyo. M'nyengo yotentha, nyengo yopanda mphepo, imatengedwa kupita kunja ndikusanduka dzuwa. Tsiku loyamba kusamukira ku malo atsopano, zomera mu miphika ziyenera kuthiriridwa bwino.
Zomwe tizirombo ndi matenda zingayambitse nkhaka zanu mbande mu wowonjezera kutentha, werengani nkhani pa webusaiti yathu.
Chithunzi
Onetsetsani kuona mbande za nkhaka za greenhouses zingakhale mu chithunzi pansipa:
Pamene kudzala nkhaka mbande kwa wowonjezera kutentha?
Ambiri amaluwa akudandaula za funso, kodi nthawi yadzala kuti kubzala nkhaka kwa mbande za wowonjezera kutentha?
Mbeu zokonzedwa kuziika zimakhala zobiriwira, osati zitalizitali zowonjezera. Kutalika kwabwino - pafupifupi masentimita 30. Miphika iyenera kukhala yaying'ono, ndi masamba okonzedwa bwino.
Nkhaka sayenera kukhala ndi zizindikiro za matenda, mwachitsanzo, wakuda mwendo. Zovuta ndi zomera zouluka bwino kukana. Tizilombo taonongeka tawonongeka tisanatengere ku wowonjezera kutentha.
Musanadzalemo nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, nthaka imamasulidwa bwino ndipo imasakanizidwa ndi kuvunda kwa humus.
Zomera zimabzalidwa m'zitsime zotayidwa ndi madzi ofunda, pamodzi ndi nsalu zadothi kapena peti. Pa phando lililonse mukhoza kuika gawo la hydrogel, lomwe limapulumutsa chinyezi m'nthaka. Dziwani zambiri za kuthirira nkhaka mu wowonjezera kutentha, mukhoza kuwerenga pa webusaiti yathu.
Mbeu zowonjezera bwino - chinsinsi cha kukolola mtsogolo. Mukapambana, mungayesetse kulima zomera zogulitsa.
Zomera zolimba ndi zathanzi ndizofunika kwambiri, ndipo m'tsogolomu zingasanduke katundu wambiri.
