Okondedwa owerenga, kuchokera munkhaniyi muphunzira za malamulo a kukula kwa zinnia kuchokera ku mbewu, tikukuuzani nthawi yomwe mudzabzala komanso momwe mungasamalire mbande. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane ndikupereka malangizo. Ndipo kumayambiriro mawu awiri za mbewu.
Garden zinnia kapena chachikulu ndi chomera pachaka kuchokera kwa banja la aster. Duwa lathyathyathya limawoneka ngati gerbera, koma lili ndi mizere ingapo ya miyala ikuluikulu, yomwe ndi pakati. Otsala adapanga penti yowala ya zinnias, kuyambira chikasu mpaka utoto wofiirira, wokhala ndi mithunzi yambiri yofiira ndi lalanje. Tsinde la chomera ndi wandiweyani, khola, lili ndi masamba angapo pamwamba pake. Amamasuka pang'onopang'ono. Pambuyo maluwa, mabokosi otayirira amapangidwa, amakhala ndi njere za singano.
Kukula kwakukulu pakati pa chilimwe, kumasangalatsa ndi mitundu mpaka kumapeto kwa Seputembala. Duwa lokonda kutentha amawopa chisanu, amwalira nthawi yomweyo. Chapakati, Russia, Siberia, Urals, zinnia zimabzalidwa m'nthaka kokha ndi mbande, nthawi yamasamba mpaka gawo la maluwa ndi miyezi 2,5. Madera otentha okha amabzala mbewu m'maluwa. Kudzilimitsa mbande za mbewu si ntchito yovuta, koma yabwino. Kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino, muyenera kudziwa malamulo oyambira osamalira mbande za maluwa.
Kukula Zinnia kuchokera ku Mbewu
Zabwino zazikuluzikulu za kubzala zakuthupi zimaperekedwa ndi masitolo apadera. Ambiri wamaluwa amalima iwo okha. Mbewu za zinnia zobzalidwa mu February kwathunthu ziphukire m'dzinja. Amasonkhanitsidwa, amauma, atanyamula m'matumba, ayenera kusayinidwa, kuwonetsa chaka chosonkhanitsa. Kubzala mbewu zichitike mu Marichi, Epulo, kutengera ndi nyengo ya m'derali, tsiku lomaliza zobweranso.
Kungoyambira pang'ono kufesa mbewu za zinnia sikukutanthauza. Chomera chidzatambasulidwa, madyererowo adzasinthika bwino pozika malo ena. Mera ukakulirakulira, mbvuto yake ikasunthira, ndikuzindikira.
Pali njira ziwiri zoyambira: chosankha popanda chopanda. Koma poyamba, mawu ochepa onena za kukonzekera mbewu. Asanafesere, amasanjidwa, okanidwa owonongeka, owonda, osweka. Kenako mbewuyo imayang'aniridwa kuti imere, makamaka ngati yakhala ikusungidwa kwanthawi yayitali. Mbewu zimayikidwa kwa masiku awiri mu minofu yonyowa kuti ikutupa. Kuyanika kwa zinthu zobzala sikuyenera kuloledwa; kumawonongeka.
Kuchokera pamadzi ochulukirapo, khungu la mbewu limatha kudwala. Ndikokwanira kupopera minofu yaying'ono kawiri pa tsiku kuchokera pa mfuti yokula. Mbeu zamano ziyenera kutupa bwino, zilowerere chinyezi ndi kuwaswa. Mbeu zouma bwino zimamera mpaka sabata limodzi. Nthawi zina njere imanyowa m'madzi kwa mphindi 30, pambuyo poti imayala pa nsalu yonyowa. Ndikwabwino kumera nthanga mumsauzi, zimayikidwa padzuwa kapena batire kuti mbewuzi ziwotenthe. Nthochi zitakhala kuti sizinachitike, mbewu yoyesayo inatayidwa, batani yatsopano imayikidwa pambewu. Mbewu zimasungidwa bwino mpaka zaka ziwiri. Nthawi imeneyi, kumera kumatsika.
Kubzala masiku molingana ndi kalendala ya Lunar 2019
Zinnia imabzalidwa kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi mpaka woyamba wa Epulo. Ndi madeti obzala, maluwa amasangalatsa masamba nthawi yayitali, mbewuzo zimakhala ndi nthawi yakucha.
Yotsegulidwa pansi mu Meyi-June. Kuyang'ana kwambiri kuzungulira kwa mwezi, mu 2019 ndi bwino kuchita kufesa:
- Marichi - 19-20;
- Epulo - 16-17, 22-23.
Nthawi yabwino yodziwitsa mbande zamaluwa poyera:
- Meyi - 9-10, 15-16;
- Juni - 9-12.
Masiku okhala mwezi wokhala mwezi ndi mwezi wathunthu amaonedwa kuti ndi osayenera kubzala, kutola mbewu:
- Marichi - 5-7, 21-22;
- Epulo - 4-6, 18-21.
- Meyi - 4-6, 19-20
- Juni - 2-4, 16-17.
Ndikofunikira kusankha tsiku lenileni lobzala mbewu kapena mbande panthaka malinga ndi momwe dothi lilili, liyenera kutentha mpaka +8 ° C. Kutentha kukakhala kotsika, mbewuyo ikadwala, itha kufa. Zinnia ikuwopa kusiyana kwakukulu kwa kutentha, izi zimafunikiranso kukumbukiridwa. Kuuma kulikonse kudzakhala tsoka kwa iye.
Nthawi yofesa mbewu imadziwika ndi kuwerengera kosavuta. Nthawi yamasamba - gawo lonse la kukula kwa mbewu kuchokera ku kutulutsa mphukira kumatenga pafupifupi milungu 10, iyi ndi miyezi iwiri ndi theka. Mbeu zobzalidwa m'nthaka zokhala ndi milungu inayi kapena isanu ndi umodzi. Pofika nthawi iyi, nthawi chisanu iyenera kutha, kutentha kwausiku sikuyenera kutsikira pansi pa ziro.
Kufesa mbewu za zinnia kunyumba
Duwa limakonda dothi lotayirira, lopatsa thanzi. Pobzala, amapeza dothi losakanikirana ndi dothi labwino, nthaka ya tomato. Ambiri amapanga okha osakaniza kuchokera magawo awiri a humus, gawo limodzi la sod, mutha kuwonjezera ½ gawo la mchenga wamtsinje. Ndikofunika kuti nthaka nthaka isambe mumadzi osamba kapena calcin mu uvuni pamtunda mpaka +100 ° C. Zomwe zimachitika pakuwononga kachilomboka zimatheka pamene dziko lapansi latsanulidwa ndi madzi otentha. Mutha kukonzekera yankho la pinki la potaziyamu permanganate. Sikoyenera kuwonjezera kuphatikiza manyowa achonde. Zinnia sakonda nayitrogeni wambiri m'nthaka, imayambitsa kuvunda kwa mizu.
Kubzala mbewu osatola kumachitika m'makapu ang'onoang'ono a peat ophatikizidwa mu chipika. Amadzazidwa ndi banja la dothi, kusiya 1 cm mpaka m'mphepete, nthaka yophwanyika pang'ono, ndikupanga bowo laling'ono la mbewu pakati. Kuti muwonetsetse kuti kumera kulibe vuto, ambiri amaika mbewu ziwiri za singano m'mikapu iliyonse.
Ndikwabwino kubzala mbewu m'mapiritsi a peat. Kwa zinnia, mulifupi mwake ndi 4 mm. Zinyalala mwachindunji muukonde wotetezedwa zimamizidwa m'madzi ofunda kwa ola limodzi. Pambuyo pake, amayikidwa pambali ndi mbali. Mbewu 2-3 zimabzalidwa piritsi lililonse. Pambuyo kumera, mphukira yamphamvu kwambiri imasiyidwa. Mu chidebe choterocho, ndikofunikira kusunthira mbande panthaka.
Kubzala munjira yamtunduwu kumachitika m'njira yayikulu yobzala. Kuti muchite izi, pangani ma grooves omwe akuya 5 mm. Amayika nthanga mtunda wa 2 cm, ndikutsanulira bwino dothi, ndikuwaza ndi nthaka youma. Amalimbitsa mphamvu yofikira ndi filimu - amapanga nyengo yotentha, ayeretse m'malo otentha kwa masiku 4-7. Zomera sizifunikira kuunika pakadali pano, ndizithirira.
Kuwombera kumawululidwa pamalo owala, filimuyo imachotsedwa. Kutentha kolimbikitsidwa kumera + 22 ... +24 ° ะก. Kutchera munkhokwe zowerengeka kumachitika pambuyo pa kuwonekera masamba atatu athunthu. Ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zikho zamapepala, zimapindika kuchokera m'manyuzipepala akale, zimayikidwa m'mabokosi apulasitiki, odzazidwa ndi dothi.
Kubzala mbewu mu wowonjezera kutentha
Momwe nyengo komanso kutentha kwanyengo zimalolera, sizikupanga nzeru kuchita mbande zakunyumba. Kufesa mbewu za zinnia ikuchitika mu wowonjezera kutentha. Ubwino waukulu wobzala mbande kubzala bwino ndi kuwunikira. Panthawi yachisanu, mphukira zimatetezedwa ndi zovala zoyera zomwe sizowuka. Ultraviolet yofunikira ndi zomera imadutsamo.
Cynium imabzala m'mbale kapena mabokosi osiyanasiyana. Mbewu sizikulimbikitsidwa kuti zibzalidwe mu nthaka. Choyamba, pakhoza kukhala tizirombo mu nthaka, amayenera kuchitiridwa. Kachiwiri, nthaka pambuyo pa tomato ndi biringanya sioyenera zinnia, mbewu zimakhala ndi matenda ofananawo. Chachitatu, mbande zamaluwa sizingasokoneze kukonzekera kwa masika kubzala mbewu mwachikondi.
Kusamalira Mbewu
Zomera nthawi zambiri zimayikidwa pazenera zenera. Amafunikira malo owala, abwino. Amamva bwino mbali iliyonse ya dziko, kupatula kumpoto. Palibe kuwala kokwanira kwa iye. Ndikusowa kwa ultraviolet, mbande zimayamba kutambalala, tsinde limapangika loonda, losakhazikika. Ndikofunikira kuwonjezera maola masana. Kutsina kumathandiza kupulumutsa kuthawa: chotsani mbali yakumwambayo ndi lumo wamafuta kapena ndi dzanja lanu. Kudulira kumachitika mu mbewu zathunthu, ngati akufuna kukwaniritsa mapangidwe ofananira nawo mphukira. Pambuyo kukanikiza, tsinde limayamba kupaka nthambi: kufota komweko kumachokera ku tsamba limalakwika.
Mbande imayankha bwino pakuvala kwapamwamba (onani tsatanetsatane pansipa), kupopera madzi. Amakonza bafa madzulo kuti masamba asatenthedwe ndi dzuwa - m'malovu a madzi amakhala ngati mandala. Kamodzi pa sabata, ndikofunikira kuchita kumasula. Kuti muchite izi, gwiritsani ntchito skewing yamatabwa kapena zala mano. Dothi lapamwamba limasulidwa ndikuzama osaposa 1 cm kuti lisawononge mizu.
Masabata atatu asanabzalidwe panthaka, mbande zimapsa. Imanyamulidwira khonde kapena mtunda pomwe mpweya umatentha mpaka +12 ° C. Yambirani ndi mphindi 20, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi. Mu mbande youma, tsinde limakhala lokwanira, limasiyira kutalika, mwachangu limazika mizu pambuyo pakuzika.
Zomwe zimathirira mbande komanso kuyatsa
Tsiniya sakonda madzi osayenda, amafunika kuthirira moyenera, osaposa nthawi ziwiri pa sabata. Pa masiku ozizira, kuthirira kuyenera m'malo mwake ndikumwaza nthaka. Pofuna kupewa mizu kuvunda masabata atatu aliwonse, njira zochizira matenda padziko lapansi ndi njira yapinki ya manganese imachitika. Pakathirira gwiritsani pompopompo kapena kusungunula madzi. Amayikidwa mu chidebe chothirira ndi nsonga yopyapyala, kuthira kumizu.
Kuwala kulikonse kungayenere kuwunikira, ingochisiyani kwa nthawi yayitali. Pafupi ndi chomeracho, mutha kuyatsa magetsi kapena nyali za LED, sizowotcha. Mtunda wocheperako ndi 60 cm.Ndibwino kuti muwonjezere maola a masana mpaka maola 14. Kenako mbewuyo imakula bwino.
Kudyetsa mbande
Nthawi yakula, mbande ndizokwanira kudyetsa kawiri. Woyamba pambuyo pa masabata 2-2.5, wachiwiri - masabata awiri musanabzalidwe poyera. Kuchulukitsa kwambiri sikofunikira. Zomera za banja la aster sizimakonda kuchuluka kwa zomanga thupi, nayitrogeni, zimayamba kupweteka. Chomera chimafunika potaziyamu, chili mu manganese, phulusa. Phosphorous, superphosphate amawonjezerapo izi. Njira yabwino ndiyakuti mugwiritse ntchito mafuta osakanizidwa opangidwa kuchokera ku ficus, zipatso. Yankho limakonzedwa malinga ndi malangizo.
Pazovala zapamwamba zapamwamba, "Ovary" biostimulator ndiyabwino, ili ndi ma amino acid, imapangitsa maluwa kukhala opusa. Mutha kusintha zovala zomwe zakonzedwa pamwamba ndi foliar, kumwaza chomera ndi yankho la zovuta feteleza, koma kuchuluka kwa madzi kumachulukitsidwa. Mavalidwe apamwamba oterewa amachitika m'mawa kwambiri, mpaka dzuwa lotentha kwambiri, kapena mbewuyo ikakhala ndi mthunzi. Masamba amvula padzuwa samachoka.
Ngati mbewuyo ikukula piritsi la peat, onjezerani mlingo wa potaziyamu wovala pamwamba. Kuti muchite izi, sungunulani supuni ya phulusa la nkhuni mu lita imodzi yamadzi. Njira yothetsera vutoli imaloledwa kulowetsedwa kwa sabata limodzi, kenako ikuphatikizidwa ndi madzi 1: 1, ndipo njira yothiririra madziwo imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Phulusa ndilabwino poti limasokoneza kuchuluka kwa kusakanikirana kwa peat.
Kutola mbande
Pamaso kubzala komaliza, mbande zimaloledwa kuchulukana zatsopano. Ngati sizingatheke kuumitsa mbande kunyumba, zimapita nawo ku greenhouse kapena kuwotcha masabata awiri musanabzale, zibiseni usiku kuti zisazizire. M'masiku otentha amawatengera panja, kenako nkuwasiya kukacheza pa maluwa, poyamba pogona, kenako popanda. Kusintha kumeneku kumathandiza kuzika mizu.
Pulogalamu yamizu yamphamvu imapangidwa, yomwe singachite mantha ndi zatsopano. Asanabzala, nyemba zadothi zouma, zazikulu sizithirira madzi. Izi zimapangidwa kuti zigwirizane ndi dothi pozungulira mizu.
Njira yothanirana zimatengera chidebe chomwe mbewu idapangidwira. Njira yosavuta ndikudzala zinnia pamapiritsi a peat. Ndikokwanira kuchotsa mauna olimbitsa kuchokera kwa iwo, kusunthira dothi ku dothi kuti masentimita 1 akhale pamwamba pa tebulo. Ndikosatheka kubzala chomera papepala ndi kapu ya peat; ndizovuta kuti akavalo atulukemo. Njira yovuta kwambiri yobzala mbewu zikakula ndikukula chimodzi. Dothi limanyowa bwino, limasandutsidwa phala kuti mbewu zitheke popanda kuwonongeka.
Mbewu zikakonzeka kubzala, ndikwanira kuyiyika mu bowo kapena ngalawo, kutengera ndi kama wa maluwa.
Zineas amawoneka bwino woyimba komanso pagulu. Mukamatera sankhani chovala bwino, chokhazikika pamhepo. Dothi la Acidic lidasungidwa kale, lokhetsedwa ndi yankho la phulusa ndi choko. Kukula kwakukulu kumakula, mtunda wa pakati pa mbeu ndi 35 cm.
