Wodwala katsitsumzukwa - chisamaliro chakunyumba

Chomera chokongoletsera cha katsitsumzukwa (katsitsumzukwa kwa masamba) imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozungulira nyumba m'nyumba, maofesi, nyumba zaboma ndi nyumba. Amapanga zobiriwira zonyezimira zobiriwira. Kutsika pokula, osati kuphuka. Mapangidwewo akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chinthu chokhacho kapena maziko a maluwa. Ndikofunika kuganizira momwe mungakulitsire katsabola wakunyumba kuti mukwaniritse mawonekedwe ake okongola.

Kodi katsitsumzukwa kamaoneka kuti, ndi wa banja liti?

Sarkle asparagus ndi a banja la Asparagus, lomwe lili ndi mitundu yopitilira 200 ya mitengo ya herbaceous ndi shrubby, kuphatikizapo kukwera ndi mitundu yophimba pansi. Ochokera ku East ndi South Africa.

Asparagus mu nyengo ya chilimwe

Nthambi zowongoka kapena zopindika pang'ono, zina zopota zopindika. Amapanga mphukira yaying'ono. Zimayambira ndizobiriwira, m'munsi zimatha kukhala ndi anthocyanin (violet) hue. Kutalika kwa mbewu panyumba kumafika masentimita 70-90. Masamba ndi otambalala, amwano, ambiri molunjika kumapeto kwa mphukira. Masamba ofupikira pafupi ndi pakati pa chitsamba atha kupindika pang'ono ngati chikwakwa. Kutalika kuchokera 4 mpaka 12 cm, m'lifupi 5-10 mm.

Crescent Akuwombera

Mitundu wamba

Kuphatikiza pa mitundu ya sparagus ya falcatus, mitundu imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri:

• cirrus katsitsumzukwa;
• katsitsumzukwa Sprenger;
• Asparagus Meyer.

Potseguka pamalo otentha, ma sparagus osiyanasiyana amakula - mankhwala a katsitsumzukwa.

Kuchiritsa katundu

Mitundu imakhala ndi amino acid asparagine. Pazomera zamasamba, pali mavitamini ambiri ndi mchere wamchere. Asparagus officinalis Tingafinye timagwiritsidwa ntchito matenda a impso, mtima ndi mitsempha yamagazi, matenda a shuga, kuchepetsa magazi. Infusions mizu ndi zitsamba ntchito matenda a impso ndi chikhodzodzo, chifuwa, kamwazi, khunyu.

Mbiri yakuhuka kwachikhalidwe

Mitundu yakhala ikudziwika kwa mtundu wa anthu kwa zaka zosachepera 2,000. Chifukwa cha kukongola komanso mawonekedwe a masamba, mbewuzo zimawonedwa ndikufalikira. Mu Girisi wakale, mphukira za katsitsumzukwa zinkakulowetsedwa m'makina a mkwatibwi ndi mkwatibwi. Ku Egypt, mphukira za katsitsumzukwa poyambapo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati masamba. Adabwera ku Russia m'zaka za zana la 17.

Mawonekedwe a chisamaliro chakunyumba

Asparagus falcatus anachokera ku madera otentha ndi akuda ku Africa. Osadzikuza, nthawi zambiri amasintha malo okukula sayenera kukhala. Ndikofunika kupenda mwatsatanetsatane kuti ndi zinthu ziti mnyumba zomwe ndizoyenera mbewu.

Kutentha

Kutentha kwabwino kwa kakulidwe ndi kakulidwe kazovala kakang'ono ndi 20-25 ℃ pamwamba pa ziro. M'nyengo yotentha, kutentha kwambiri, chidebe chomwe chimamera ndi chomera chimatengeredwa pa khonde kapena loggia. M'nyengo yozizira, ndizololedwa kutsitsa kutentha kwa chipinda mpaka 17-18 ℃.

Kuwala

Mukayatsidwa ndi dzuwa mwachindunji, kuwotcha kumawoneka pamasamba monga malo amduwa ndi amtundu wakuda ndi kufa kwa minofu. Ndikwabwino kuyimitsa mbewuyi kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo kwa mawayilesi, kutalikirana ndi galasi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Ndizovomerezeka kuyisunga mu miphika pansi m'chipinda chowala, kutalika kwa makabati kapena masamba.

Asparagus crescent pakati pa chipindacho

Kuthirira

M'chilimwe, kuthirira kumachitika katatu pa sabata. M'nyengo yozizira, ndizovomerezeka kuthirira maluwa 1 nthawi yotalikirana masiku 7-10. Wosanjikiza pamwamba pamphika azikhala wonyowa pang'ono. Ngati madzi ayimilira mu chipumpu, amayenera kuchotsedwa kuteteza kuti mizu isawonongeke.

Kuwaza

Kumwaza masamba ndi madzi oyera kuchokera ku mfuti yothira kumachitika muzipinda zouma nthawi yozizira, komanso kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe (kumasula fumbi). Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga tikachitika, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi fungicides ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo kungakhale kofunikira.

Chinyezi

Chinyezi chokwanira chimakhala chokhazikika. Kuthirira kwamadzi ndi kuthirira kosowa kwambiri ndizovulaza mmera. Chinyezi mchipindacho chikuyenera kukhala chochepera 25%. Chinyontho chambiri cha mpweya chimathandizira kukula kwa matenda. Pakakhala chinyezi chochepa, masamba amatha kutembenukira chikaso ndi kutha.

Dothi

Asparagus amakula bwino pama dothi osalowerera kapena pang'ono acid. Kwa falcatus, dothi lokha palokha ndi yoyenera:

• munda wamaluwa - magawo awiri;
• humus - magawo awiri;
• peat - 1 gawo;
• mchenga - 1 gawo.

Pamene mbali zakumwambazi komanso zapansi panthaka zikukula, chidebecho chimasinthidwa ndikuchikulitsa ndikuchotsa dothi lonse.

Mavalidwe apamwamba

Asparagus imafunika kuvala kwapamwamba ndi michere ndi michere. Mavalidwe apamwamba azitsulo ayenera kuperekedwa mu April ndi zinthu zovuta kuzimitsa. Nutrisol kapena minerals Reatil yokhala ndi kufufuza zinthu ndi yoyenera.

Kuphatikiza ndi organic zinthu zimachitika katatu pachilimwe komanso nthawi 1-2 nthawi yozizira. Gwiritsani ntchito Humate potaziyamu kapena sodium m'njira yankho. Humus ikugulitsidwa, yomwe imasakanizidwa pang'ono ndi kangapo pachaka.

Zomwe zimasamalidwa nthawi yachisanu panthawi yopuma

Falcate sifunikira chisamaliro chapadera nthawi yozizira. Ndikokwanira kutsitsa kutentha kwa chipinda pang'ono ndikuchepetsa kuthirira nthawi 1 pa sabata.

Kodi limamasuka liti komanso motani

Mitundu ya Asparagus ikhoza kukhala yopanga (chomera chachimuna kapena chachikazi). Maluwa ndi osowa, amawoneka zaka 7-12 mutabzala chitsamba kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Maluwa masabata 3-4. Mithunzi, katsitsumzukwa sikukula. Maluwa ali ochepa ang'ono, oyera, omwe amapezeka mu axils yamasamba, omwe amasonkhanitsidwa mu inflorescence ngati burashi lotayirira. Stamens 6 kapena kupitirira apo, pamakhala komanso 6 kapena kupitilira. Anther ndi chikasu chakuda. Chipatsochi ndi mabulosi ang'ono, osakhazikika. Mbewu ndizokulungidwa, zokutidwa ndi peel wakuda wakuda.

Maluwa a crescent katsitsumzukwa

Zosintha pakusamalira maluwa

Pa maluwa, katsitsumzukwa amayenera kuthiriridwa madzi kawirikawiri kuposa masiku onse. Ndikofunika kuti musasinthe malowa. Ngati pali chiopsezo chowonekera padzuwa mwachindunji, ndibwino kuti mupange shading pang'ono ndi pepala lowala.

Kudulira

Pali kuwumba ndikudulira kudulira kwa katsitsumzukwa. Duwa limalekerera mitundu yonse iwiri bwino. Ndi kudulira kofowola, njira yodulira kwathunthu ofooka, odwala kapena osweka mwangozi amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Wopangidwa nthawi iliyonse pachaka.

Mukapanga kudulira, kudula ndi kufupikitsa kwa mphukira kumagwiritsidwa ntchito. Amachita izi kumapeto kwa chilimwe kapena kumayambiriro kwa chilimwe. Kufupikitsidwa kwa zitsamba zazitali kwambiri kumachitika ndi 0,5-0.6 masentimita pamwamba pa tsamba.

Momwe masamba ovala kachilomboka

Zomera zimafesedwa mobala kapena ndi mbewu. M'njira yoyambirira, mphamvu za chitsamba chosungirako zimasamutsidwa kwathunthu kwa ana. Kufalitsa mawu kopatsa chidwi kumakupatsani mwayi wokhala ndi mitundu kapena mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Zomera zazikulu pakhomo zimatha kubereka pogawa chitsamba.

Kumera kwa mbeu

Mbewu zimakhala ndi chipolopolo cholimba. Asanabzale, amathira m'madzi firiji kwa maola 12-20. Kubzala kumachitika mu dothi limodzi ndi gawo lalikulu la mchenga momwe zimapangidwira, zimaphatikizidwa munthaka ndi masentimita 0.6-0.7. Chotetezacho chimakutidwa ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikuchichotsa pamalo otentha.

Kumera kumatenga milungu 3-4. Mphukira zoyambirira zikaonekera, chitsaliricho chimasunthidwa kumalo abwino owala, pitilizani kuthilira ndi kumasula dothi. Masamba oyamba akawoneka, amawasinthira mumphika wokhala ndi dothi lathunthu.

Mizu yodula

Njira iyi ndiyosavuta kufalitsa katsitsumzukwa. Kuti muchite izi, pangani mabala angapo okhala ndi kutalika kwa 12-15 cm 1 masentimita pansi pa Internode. Masamba am'munsi pazodulidwa amachotsedwa, pambuyo pake zodulidwa zimayikidwa mu kapu yamadzi kutentha kwa firiji. Madzi mu tank osinthidwa tsiku ndi tsiku. Mizu mu masiku 10-14. Akuwombera ndi mizu obzalidwa mumiphika ndi gawo lapansi.

Mpweya wagona

Ngati mphukira ndi wautali, ena a iwo atha kupendekeka pang'ono ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza zigawo. Kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana za chomera cha amayi, miphika yokhala ndi dothi lamchenga limayikidwa. Mphukira wokanidwa umapanikizidwa ndi bulaketi kuchokera pa waya wolimba kumiphika kuti ma infode aphimbidwe ndi gawo lapansi. Imakhala yothira nthawi zonse. Pambuyo masiku 10-15, mizu imawoneka pazoyala. Amadulidwa kuchitsamba cha mayi ndikuwobzala mumiphika.

Thirani

Pakujambulitsa, muli muli mulifupi wa 1.5-2 masentimita kuposa omwe mumagwiritsidwa ntchito kale. Pafupifupi, chitsamba chowoneka ngati chikwakwa cha zaka 3-4 zimafunikira kumuyika miyezi isanu ndi iwiri iliyonse. Kuti zitheke bwino, dongo lokwakulitsidwa 3 cm limathiridwa pansi pa mphika watsopano, kenako gawo lapansi. Chomera chokhala ndi dothi ladziko lapansi chimayikiridwa mu chidebe chatsopano, chokutidwa ndi gawo lapansi, cholowetsedwa bwino, kuthiriridwa kawiri m'mawa ndi madzulo.

Chitsamba chachikulire pakukula ndikutha kugawidwa m'makola awiri kapena atatu kuti ziberekane. Pankhaniyi, mapoto akulu sayenera kumwedwa. Tchire la mayi limagawika mu ma rhizomes - aliyense watsopano ayenera kulandira gawo loyambira ndi mphukira zingapo zazing'ono.

Mavuto omwe angakhalepo pakukula komanso matenda

Pamtunda wotsika kwambiri, chinyezi chambiri cha gawo lapansi ndi mpweya, katsitsumzukwa amathanso kufooka. Chikwangwani choyera chimapezeka pamasamba. Ngati palibe chochitika, mbewuyo imafa. M'pofunika utsi ndi mankhwala Alirin B. Dothi mumphika limathiridwa ndi yankho la Fitosporin.

Powdery mildew ndi amodzi mwa mavuto a katsitsumzukwa

Malangizowo akauma pamasamba - uwu ndi umboni wa chinyezi chochepa. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito kupopera madzi kuchokera mu botolo la utsi. Masamba otsika a katsitsumzukwa akagwa, mbewuyo ilibe potaziyamu.

Sikovuta kusamalira odwala matenda ovulala kwambiri. Malinga ndi zizindikilo, zikaona maluwa okumbukira, zimafunitsitsa kuti zidzachitike.