Aliyense ali ndi mantha ndi chisangalalo akudikirira nthawi yomwe mundawo udzabwerere. Kuweta ng'ombe ndi nthawi yofunika komanso yofunika, yomwe iyenera kukhala yokonzedweratu. Kuzindikira za chisamaliro, kudyetsa komanso zovuta zomwe zingatheke kumathandiza kupeŵa zolakwa zingapo pochiza nyama ndi mwana watsopano.
Nkhumba zimayenda bwanji masiku angapo?
Ndikofunika kudziwa nthawi yomwe mimba yamayi imatenga nthawi yayitali. Izi zidzakuthandizani kuwerengera nthawi yoyamba ya nthawi youma ndikukonzekera nyama kuti ikhale ndi mwana wang'ombe.
Chabwino
Kutenga nthawi ya kunyamula mwana wang'ombe kumadalira maonekedwe a zinyama, komanso maonekedwe a chibadwa. Ng'ombe, monga anthu, pafupifupi, zimabereka chipatso cha miyezi 9. Ambiri oweta ziweto amatenga masiku 283-285.
Mukudziwa? Kuti apange 1 lita imodzi ya mkaka kupyolera mu udder ayenera kudutsa pafupifupi 400 malita a magazi. Izi zikutanthauza kuti, kupeza malita 20 a mkaka wa tsiku ndi tsiku kudzera mu udzu wa mwanayo ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 8000 malita a magazi!
Zingatheke bwanji
Mawu apamwambawa ndi ofanana kwambiri, ndipo kubala kwa mwana kumatha kuchitika kale komanso mochedwa kuposa tsiku lokhazikitsidwa. Mwachitsanzo, ndi chisamaliro chosayenera, mwana wang'ombe wosayenera akhoza kubadwa kale masiku angapo komanso masabata (mpaka mwezi). Mofananamo, ng'ombe imatha kubereka zipatso. Chifukwa cha izi, mimba ya mimba imatha kukhala masiku 240-311. 
Kalendala ya kuchepa kwa ng'ombe pa tsiku la insemination: tebulo
Ngati kusinthanitsa kumachitika mwaluso, ndiye kuti zidzakhala zosavuta kuwerengera tsiku lenileni lokhalitsa, podziwa tsiku lenileni la kusamalidwa. Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito njirayi: D = H + 10 / №-3.
Pezani masiku angati kuti mimba imatenga.
Kufotokozera kwa fomu iyi:
- D - kuyembekezera tsiku la calving;
- H - tsiku la insemination;
- № - chiwerengero cha mwezi wa insemination.
Mwachitsanzo, insemination ndi July 8 (July 8). Zotsatira zake ndi izi: 8 + 10 / 7-3 = 18/4, ndiko kuti, calving chidzachitika pa April 18. Ngati, powonjezera masiku, chiwerengerochi chili ndi zoposa 30, m'pofunika kuchotsa 30 kuchokera pamenepo, ndi kuwonjezera +1 mpaka mweziwo. Mwachitsanzo, insemination zinachitika pa January 29th.
Zotsatira zake ndi izi: 29 + 10-30 / 1-3 + 1 = 9/11, ndiko kuti, calving zidzachitika kuzungulira November 9th. Pofuna kusokonezeka ndi chiwerengero cha masamu ndi kalendala, oweta ziweto amakonda kugwiritsa ntchito tebulo lokhala ndi mimba: 
Momwe mungayendetsere ng'ombe musanayambe kugula
Kuthamanga ng'ombe kumatanthauzira nthawi yowuma - ndiko kuti, kuyimitsa milking kuti kulimbikitse ndi kukonzekera thupi la nyama kuti likhale ndi calving ndi lactation. Ndibwino kuti tiyambe kukhazikitsa masiku 40 mpaka 60, koma kwa anthu opindulitsa kwambiri komanso nyama zomwe zimabereka nthawi yoyamba, kukhazikitsidwa kungayambe masiku 70.
Poyambitsa ng'ombe panthawi youma, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
- pang'onopang'ono muime milking: choyamba kuchotsa milking milking, musapereke mkaka mpaka mapeto, musati misala ndi udder kuti kulimbitsa mkaka mapangidwe. Pambuyo pa masiku 5 mutasiya kuyamwa, udder ayenera "kufooka" - kuchepa kwa voliyumu;
- kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya chopatsa thanzi mu zakudya, komanso udzu, madzi ndi zakumwa;
- pamene muthamanga m'chilimwe, nkofunika kuchepetsa kudyetsa ng'ombe kuti zidyetsedwe maola 4, ndipo nthawi zina zimasiya.
Ndikofunikira! Zinyama zopatsa thanzi zingathe kutenga masabata 2-3 kuti asiye kupanga mkaka. Koma ngati chinyama sichiyambika ngakhale pambuyo panthawiyi, kuyambanso kukakamizidwa kumagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera.Ngati zokolola za chiweto zisanakhale mkati mwa malita 3-5, n'zotheka kusiya kuyendetsa molingana ndi dongosololi masiku asanu ndi awiri:
- Tsiku limodzi - kuyamwa 2 pa tsiku;
- 2 - m'mawa milking;
- 3 - m'mawa milking;
- 4 tsiku - madzulo akugwedeza;
- 5 masana - madzulo akugwedeza;
- 6 - m'mawa milking;
- 7 tsiku - madzulo akugwedeza.
Zizindikiro (zotsatila) za kubadwa kwa ng'ombe
Kusintha koyamba pa maonekedwe ndi khalidwe la ng'ombe amatha kuwona masabata awiri asanabadwe:
- kupondaponda ndi kugwedeza mimba;
- chotsitsa sacrum;
- minofu ndi mitsempha yosasunthika pansi pa mchira;
- kutupa ndi kufiira kwa ziwalo zoberekera zakunja;
- usana wa shrunken usanafike ndipo umadzaza ndi colostrum;
- Zisokonezo zoberekera zimakhala zosasinthasintha;
- chiwerewere chimawululidwa.
Nthawi yomweyo asanabadwe, khalidwe la nkhumba lingasinthe: limakhala lopanda phokoso, limatha kuwuka ndi kugona pansi, kuchoka ku phazi lina kupita ku lina, likhoza komweko, kuyang'ana pozungulira kapena kupewa anthu poyandikira.
Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino mfundo khumi zokha zokhudzana ndi ng'ombe.Ngati chinyama chikudyetserako ziweto, zingayese kupuma, kumenyana ndi ng'ombe zina zonse, kupita kumalo osungira. Patsiku la calving, mukhoza kuona kuti mafupa a nyama amayamba kusokoneza, kumasula malo oti mwanayo achoke. Ngati mtunda wa pakati pa mafupawo ndi waukulu kuposa chikhatho cha dzanja lako, ndikofunika kukonzekera kulandila kugwira ntchito kwa ng'ombe.
Video: Zotsutsa za kubadwa kwa ng'ombe
Momwe mungabwerere pa ng'ombe
Kwa kubadwa kwa mwana wang'ombe, muyenera kukonzekera chipinda chimodzi ndi ng'ombe yokha:
- Netel iyenera kuikidwa pambali pa ng'ombe zina, m'nyumba yoyera, yowonongeka kale, yowuma ndi yotentha.
- Pamabedi atsopano, ovekedwa, muyenera kuika udzu watsopano kapena nsalu yowirira.
- Zilonda, miyendo yamphongo ya nyamayo iyenera kutsukidwa ndi yankho la potassium permanganate kapena creolin 2%.
Kukonzekera kosavuta kumatha. Komanso, ng'ombe zikuyesera zovuta, mu kubadwa kwabwino, mwana wang'ombe amabadwa mu theka la ora - ola limodzi. Pankhaniyi, ng'ombe imatha kuyima kapena kukhala pambali pake.
Ng'ombeyo imabwera patsogolo, yokhala pamphuno, kapena kumbuyo kwa miyendo - malo onsewa ali olondola. Poyamba, kuchokera ku ziwalo zoberekera, chikhodzodzo cha fetal ndi imvi kapena chikasu. Ng'ombe ikhoza kuigwetsa, mwinamwake ikhoza kuchitidwa pokhapokha maonekedwe a miyendo.
Mukudziwa? Zikuyembekezeratu kuti nkhumba zimabadwa pamaso pa ng'ombe kwa masiku 1-2.
Ng'ombe ikangokhala kunja kwa ng'ombe, m'pofunika kuzimitsa mphuno, maso, mitsempha ndi mitsempha pamlomo ndi nsalu zoyera. Pambuyo pa kutha kwa magazi m'mbambo ya umbilical, imadulidwa pamtunda wa 10-12 masentimita mpaka pamimba, chilondacho chimachiritsidwa ndi nthendayi. 
Ng'ombe iyenso imayenera kuchotsa ziwalo za thupi, udder, mimba ndi miyendo ndi nsalu yoyera. Magazi amagazi ndi odulidwa ayenera kusinthidwa.
Kusamalira ng'ombe itatha calving
Ngati mukubereka ng'ombe kwa nthawi yoyamba, pali mafunso angapo okhudzana ndi chisamaliro cha amayi pa nthawi yobereka. Chakudya, kuyambira koyamba ndi kayendedwe kake, kugwiritsa ntchito mkaka - muzithu zonsezi tidzakhala tikuyang'ana.
Momwe mungadyetse ndi zomwe mumamwa
Ola limodzi atatha kubadwa, freenka imayenera kumwa 10-15 malita a madzi amchere (100 g pa 10 malita). Madzi ayenera kutenthedwa mpaka 36 ° C. Mukhozanso kupereka udzu pang'ono.
Kudyetsa chakudya kumayenera kukhazikitsidwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yotsatirayi:
- Tsiku la 1 Nyerereyi ili ndi makilogalamu 5 a udzu kapena 8 makilogalamu a masamba, komanso nthambi yaledzera (500 g pa 10 malita a madzi);
- Tsiku lachiwiri Zakudya ndi zofanana, koma kukula kwa gawo kumakula pang'ono;
- Masiku 3-4. Kwa zakudya zapamwambazi zikuwonjezeredwa 2-4 makilogalamu a muzu masamba ndi makilogalamu angapo a zakudya zosakaniza;
- Tsiku lachisanu. Zakudya ndi zofanana, koma zigawo zikuwonjezeka;
- Tsiku la 10. Kutumikira kukula ndi zakudya monga zonse zimabweretsedwa.
Ndi nthawi zingati kuti mukamwe mkaka
Pakangotha kubadwa, kudyetsa nyamayo kuyenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala a potaziyamu permanganate, kenaka ola limodzi ndi theka liyenera kutsukidwa ndi mankhwala a soda (200 g pa 10 l), kupukuta zouma ndi nsalu yofewa ndikupita kumalo oyamba. Ma jets oyambirira amafunika kuponyedwa komanso osagwiritsidwa ntchito popatsa mwana wang'ombe.
M'masiku oyambirira mutatha kudya, ng'ombe zamkaka ziyenera kuyamwa maulendo 4-5, kapena katatu, koma ndi poddozy 1-2 maola pambuyo pa main milking. Ngati chinyamachi chimachitika pambuyo pa postpartum paresis, sikuletsedwa kuthetsa - ndikofunikira kusiya mbali ya mkaka mu udzu.
Tikukulimbikitsani kuti muwerenge zambiri zokhudza momwe mungathere ndikamwa mkaka kangati.
Kutaya minofu kumafunika nthawi zonse musanayambe kuyamwa. Kwa ichi muyenera kutsuka bwino ndikupukuta manja anu, ndi zofunika kuti mitengoyi ikhale yotentha. Kenaka mukusowa stroking, yogwira ntchito, koma yowongoka (!) Mafupa opangira gawo lililonse la udder kwa masekondi 20-30. Ndibwino kuyambitsa minofu yosavuta imeneyi miyezi ingapo musanayambe kugula.
Ndikhoza liti kumwa mkaka
Posakhalitsa asanabadwe, pakapita nthawi kapena patapita nthawi, chimatchi chimapezeka mumtambo wamkazi - wachikasu, wamadzi ozizira kwambiri, ndi fungo lapadera.
Kawirikawiri sichigwiritsidwa ntchito pa chakudya ndipo sichigwiritsidwa ntchito kuphika chifukwa cha fungo losasangalatsa, koma kuti mwana wa ng'ombe azikhala bwino kwambiri komanso kuti azigwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachititsa kuti chitukuko chikhale cholimba, kupanga mapangidwe abwino a m'mimba m'mimba komanso chizoloŵezi chokhala ndi chakudya choyenera, ora pambuyo pa kubadwa. 
Mkaka wa khola umakhala woyenera kuti munthu adyeke patatha masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka 7 kuchokera pa kuyamba kwa milking.
Ndikofunikira! Zina zazimayi sizimapanga tizilombo tomwe timapanga tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, ndiye kuti mwana wang'ombe ayenera kukonzekera zosakaniza zowonjezera mkaka, mafuta a nsomba, mazira a nkhuku ndi mchere.
Zingatheke zovuta mutatha kupanga calving
Zomwe zafotokozedwa pamwambapa zimakhala zabwino komanso zamaganizo, koma nthawi zina, chifukwa cha kuchepa kwachangu, kusayera, kudyetsa ndi kusamalira zolakwika, komanso zifukwa zambiri, calving sangapite malinga ndi zochitikazo. Kufooka, edema, kusowa kwa ubereki, kutopa - zochitika zoterezi ndizovuta komanso zimafuna kusamalidwa mwamsanga.
Ng'ombe siimadzuka
Kulephera kwa nyama kuti ikhale pamapazi atatha kubereka kumatanthauzidwa ndi kuwonongeka kwa mitsempha ya m'mphepete mwa nsomba ndi lumbosacral. Izi zikhoza kuchitika chifukwa cha mafupa ochepa kwambiri, pa kubadwa koyamba, ndi kubadwa kwakukulu komanso kovuta. Zilonda ziwiri zonsezi zingakhudzidwe.
Kuphatikiza pa zifukwa izi, pali ziwerengero zambiri zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nyamayo ikani kudzuka ndikugona nthawi zonse: metritis, mastitis, postpartum paresis, kutentha mkaka, kusowa kwa phosphorous. Ng'ombe simungakhoze kuimirira chifukwa cha kuvulaza kapena kusweka kwa mafupa. 
Mulimonsemo, muyenera kusonyeza nyamayo kwa veterinarian kuti imvetsetse. Ngati nyamayo idzakhala yotalika kwambiri, ndizosavomerezeka kwambiri kuti pitirizani kubwezeretsanso, choncho nkofunika kukakamiza nyama kuti ipite mwa njira iliyonse.
Kuti muchite izi, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito phokoso lakuthwa ndi phokoso, kumalira, kumenyedwa (njirayi imagwira ntchito ndi anthu amantha okha), kupotoza pang'ono kwa mchira pakati, mabotolo apadera okwezera nyama. Ng'ombe yayitali ikatha kuimirira, kusunthira ndi kutembenuka, bwino.
Werengani zambiri za zomwe mungachite ngati ng ombe siimadzuka mutatha.Pambuyo pa zonsezo, ascents amafunika kubwereza kachiwiri. Ngati mitsempha yawonongeka, chinyamacho chiyenera kupatsidwa mankhwala ndi anti-inflammatory effect, pamene paresis, caffeine benzoate amagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kusowa kwa phosphorous kumachotsedwa ndi jekeseni.
Ng'ombeyo sinayambe
Pansi pazinthu zachibadwa, kubereka kumeneku kumayenera kutuluka pambuyo pa maola atatu mpaka 6 pambuyo pake. Ambiri oweta ziweto akuyamba kunjenjemera, kuti atabereka sanabwere, popanda kuzindikira mmene mkazi wa ng'ombeyo amamezera. Poonetsetsa kuti zinyamazo ndi zoyera, muyenera kulowetsa dzanja labwino komanso losakanizidwa m'mimba - chibelekero chotsekedwa chimanena kuti zonse ziri mu dongosolo.
Koma ngati feteleza siinatulukemo kapena chiberekero sichinayeretsedwe kwathunthu, zotsatira zake zingakhale zomvetsa chisoni kwambiri. Ndi otsala otsiriza, nyamayo ikupitirizabe kuwongolera, kumbuyo kuli kupweteka, mucous nembanemba ndi zamagazi zamagazi zimawoneka kuchokera kumimba. 
Kutsekemera kwa ng'ombe Kutsekemera kwa Placenta kumayamba kuwonongeka mofulumira kwambiri mkati mwa thupi, kuchititsa kuledzera kwakukulu. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, nyamayo imakana kudya, mkaka wamtundu umachepa, ndipo nsana imachokera ku ululu.
Ndikofunikira! Kusiyanitsa kosakwanira kapena kosayembekezereka kwa placenta kumadzaza ndi ubongo wa mkazi.
Zomwe zimayambitsa vutoli zingakhale zambiri:
- kukula kwakukulu kwa fetal;
- kusowa mavitamini ndi mchere;
- kunenepa kwambiri kapena kutaya kwa akazi;
- ntchito yosakwanira, brucellosis, ndi zina zotero.
Pofuna kuthandiza chinyama kuchotsa kubereka, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala omwe amachepetsa mimba: "Oxytocin", "Oxylate", "Pituitrin". Vetu akhoza kupereka mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Amniotic madzimadzi ali ndi zotsatira zofanana pa minofu ya chiberekero. 
Kuti tichite zimenezi, pakutha kwa chikhodzodzo, ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa mu chidebe choyera ndikusungidwa kutentha kwa +3 ° C. Ngati maola asanu ndi limodzi asanatuluke, amniotic madzi ayenera kumwa mowa 3 malita 6-7 aliwonse. Mwa njira, nthawi iliyonse yomwe ikhoza, amniotic madzi nthawi zonse ayenera kusonkhanitsidwa ndi kumasulidwa kwa atsikana, chifukwa amakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino kwambiri thupi likatha.
Udema wokhala ndi ng'ombe
Kunja, udzu wotupa umawoneka ukuluka, zikopa zimatha kuphulika (pofupikitsa kutalika), khungu limakhala lozizira ndipo limakhala losauka, ndipo kenako kutupa kumatha kupita m'mimba. M'kati mwa udder panthawi ya edema, madzi amadzimadzi amathamangira m'matumbo, kuika magazi ndi zitsulo zamagetsi. Chifukwa chaichi, kupanga mkaka kuchepetsedwa. Nthawi zambiri, edema imadutsa palokha popanda kuthandizira.
Koma nthawi zina udzu umakula nthawi yaitali musanapeze zifukwa izi:
- kusowa kayendedwe;
- chakudya chokwanira pa nthawi ya mimba;
- kuvulazidwa, kuphulika ndi zilonda zakupha;
- matenda a impso, mtima, toxicosis.
Pofuna kulandira chithandizo cha postpartum edema, kuyankhulana kwa veterinarian kudzafunika. Kudula minofu nthawi zambiri kumatchulidwa ndi mafuta (30 g wa sera, supuni imodzi ya mafuta a mpendadzuwa, kusungunuka mu madzi osamba ndi utakhazikika). Kuwonjezera kwa mchere kudyetsa kumakhalanso kochepa, kuchuluka kwa chakudya chopatsa thanzi, madzi ndi zakumwa zimachepa. Ngati kutupa sikupita, n'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala (Disalunin, Urodiacin). 
Ng'ombe zikuphulika
Chifukwa cha kupwetekedwa kwa m'mimba pambuyo pa calving kawirikawiri ndi zolakwika za zakudya. Chakudya chosafunikira, zakudya zosakwanira zokwanira ndi zakudya zowonjezera zimakhudza kwambiri kuyamwa kwa amayi, makamaka pa nthawi yovuta komanso yovuta.
Pofuna kuthetsa vutoli, ng ombe ikhoza kuledzera ma ola asanu ndi awiri ndi atatu ndi asanu ndi limodzi ndi osakaniza osakaniza ndi uchi kapena shuga (supuni imodzi pa lita imodzi ya madzi ofunda). Ngati kutsekula m'mimba sikusiya pambuyo pa masiku awiri, ndikofunikira kuyitana veterinarian, kuti ayese zinyama za tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuti muwerenge za ng'ombe zomwe zimakhalapo kale komanso zitatha.
Palibe mkaka
Kutaya kapena mkaka wochepa chabe kawirikawiri kumapezeka m'kamwa choyamba. Pofuna kupewa vutoli, nkofunika kuyamba nyamayi nthawi, kusamalila bwino zinyama panthawi youma, mutatha kulumikiza molondola. Ndikofunika kwambiri kutsatira njira yogwiritsira ntchito, mwinamwake ndi kayendedwe kosautsa ndi kosautsa, ng'ombe sizingapereke mkaka.
Kuyamwa 4-5 (ngakhale ngati palibe mkaka wokwanira), lactation idzabwereranso mwachibadwa. Zingatenge pafupifupi mwezi mpaka nyamayi ikupitirira kawirikawiri ndi miyeso yeniyeni. Anthu ena oweta ziweto amalola kuti ng'ombe ikhale ya ng'ombe kuti ikhale yowonjezera kudya. 
Ng'ombe ndi yoonda kwambiri
Zomwe zimayambitsa kupweteka kwa postpartum zikhoza kukhala zovuta kwambiri, chifukwa pafupifupi nyama iliyonse imakana kudya ndipo imayamba kulemera. Pofuna kukhazikitsa chifukwa chake, nkofunikira kutchula veterinarian ndikuyesa ngati pali zizindikiro zina zoopsa (kutuluka kumaliseche, kutsegula m'mimba, kupsa mtima, etc.).
Ngati chilakolako cha nyama sichinasinthe, palibe kutsegula m'mimba, nyama ikupitirizabe kuyaka, mukhoza kuganiza kuti mulibe vitamini ndi mchere. Pofuna kuthetsa beriberi, m'pofunika kugwiritsa ntchito mavitamini opangidwa ndi jekeseni (Sedamin, Tetravit, Trivit, Eleovit, etc.).
Ndiyitali bwanji pamene calving ikuyenda ndi ng'ombe
Nkhoswe zam'nyama ndi nyama za polycyclic zokhala ndi masiku 21-24.
Ndikofunikira! Mchere wotsatira uyenera kuchitika pasanathe masiku 90 mutatha.Pambuyo pa kuchepa, ng'ombe zimasaka pafupifupi masiku 30, kusinthasintha kwa masiku khumi ndi awiri kumakhala kotheka. Choncho, kubereka ng'ombe ndi sitepe yofunikira kwambiri kwa nyama ndi eni ake.
Muyenera kukonzekera ng'ombe kuti ikhale ndi nthawi yeniyeni, molondola komanso pakapita nthawi, kuyambitsa kuwunikira. Адекватное кормление, правильный уход, знание физиологии беременности и отёла позволят животноводам организовать максимально безопасные и естественные роды.
