Andromeda imadziwika kwa ambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa. Chomera chobiriwira chobiriwiracho chikhoza kukongoletsa malo alionse. Ichi ndi chifukwa chake zitsamba zamakono chaka chilichonse zimagonjetsa chiwerengero chochulukira cha malo osakhalapo ndipo zimakhala zochitika zenizeni za zojambulajambula. Komabe, sikuti aliyense akudziwa momwe angasamalire bwino chomera ichi ndi zomwe zimafunikira kuti apange zinthu zabwino kwambiri. M'nkhani ino tidziwa zomwe zili ndi andromeda, komanso kupeza zinsinsi zazikulu za kulima kwake m'munda.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Andromeda masamba ambiri ndi achilendo obiriwira shrub a banja la heather. Chomeracho chili ndi mawonekedwe komanso mawonekedwe. Mapesi a omwe amaimira mtundu wa zamoyo ndi zokwawa, nthambi zazing'ono, zowomba, ndi zosalala. Mphukira ya chomera chowombera, kukwera, wandiweyani ndi wolimba, wofiira-wofiirira kapena wofiira-bulauni. Kutalika kwa zomera kumakhala 15-40 cm.
Masamba pa tsinde ali ndi chikopa ndipo ali ndi mawonekedwe a lanceolate, ndi m'mphepete mwake atakulungidwa pansi. M'litali amatha kuchokera 1 mpaka 5 cm, ndipo m'lifupi - osapitirira 8 mm. Masambawa ndi owala komanso obiriwira. Gawo lomaliza la pepalali ndi chidziwitso cha sheen, pansi pa masamba matte, ndi phula losakanikirana.
Mphuno ya andromeda imakhala yochepa kwambiri, yoonda, mu mawonekedwe ake akufanana ndi chingwe chomwe chili mumtsitsi wa mossy. Ndi kukula kwachangu, imatha kubzala pang'onopang'ono pamtunda, pomwe zomera zimakula.
Mukudziwa? Mbali yeniyeni ya mizu ya andromeda ndi yomwe imatchedwa mycorrhiza - kukhala phindu lenileni la rhizome ya shrub ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya tizilombo.
Andromeda imamasula kuchokera August mpaka September. Pa nthawiyi pa shrub zikuwoneka ngati zowonongeka, zofiira (kuchokera ku pinki yofiira kupita ku mdima wofiira) maluwa pa zofiira zofiira. Iwo akusonkhanitsidwa mu khalidwe inflorescences zingapo zidutswa. Mphuno ya maluwa nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwanira, mphutsi imakhala yotsekemera kapena yozungulira. Zimayambira pa duwa zimapangidwa pafupifupi 10 zidutswa. Pambuyo maluwa pa chomera, pyatignezdny chipatso-bokosi, mwadongosolo flattened ndi mbewu zambiri, zipse.
Kufalitsa ndi malo
Chilengedwe cha andromeda ndi nkhalango ndi madera ambiri a North America ndi Eurasia, mpaka kumtunda wa m'munsi wa alpine. Nthaŵi zambiri m'chilengedwe, shrub imapezeka pamadambo a nkhalango, komanso pafupi ndi peatlands kapena madambo. Mu CIS, zomera zimakula m'dera la Carpathian, komanso ku Siberia ndi ku Far East. M'dera lino, shrub ndizoyimira zowomba za sphagnum kapena bogs.
Panthawi yonseyi, zomera zoterezi zidzakondwera ndi zokongoletsera mosalekeza: host, Badan, astilba, geykher, hellebore, stonecrop, viola, tradescantia.
Gwiritsani ntchito kupanga mapangidwe
Andromeda imagwiritsidwa ntchito mwakhama m'mapangidwe a malo pafupifupi pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya pachaka ndi yosatha. Koma kawirikawiri shrub imakhala yothandizana bwino ndi otchedwa Alpine slides. Chigawo ichi cha malo ndi malo osungira miyala omwe amadziwika bwino kwambiri. Amapangidwanso kuti apange phazi, mapiri, mapiri, komanso malo owala omwe ali ndi zomera zomwe zimakhala m'madera osiyanasiyana. Andromeda pa nkhaniyi ndipamene zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri pa zokonzedweratu, komanso chimodzi mwa mitundu yambiri.
Kuphatikiza apo, shrub imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri monga pulacover, yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito polimbana ndi zomera zosayenera m'munda. Chophimba cholimba chomwe chimapangitsa kuti zinyama zisamangidwe, izi zimapangitsa kuti zitheke kuthetsa namsongole ndikupatsa munda wokhawokha, komanso kuthetsa vutoli. Choncho, chipewa cholimba kuchokera ku chitsamba ndi chabwino kuti malo azikhala ochepa komanso ochepa.
Mukudziwa? Andromeda imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zamankhwala. Zotsamba zosiyanasiyana za shrub zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mankhwala olimbana ndi chifuwa, mutu, ndi matenda a chiberekero cha amayi.
Kukula pakhomo
Mitengo yokongoletsera yokongola imapangitsa ambiri a anthu athu kukhala osangalatsa zokondweretsa, komanso mavuto ambiri. Nthaka zambiri sizikhala ndi zofunikira zonse kuti zikhale zosavuta kumera kwathu. 
Kuti mupange chiwembu chokongola, mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira za kukongola kwa malo, zojambulajambula ndi ziboliboli zamasamba, zomwe ndi: munda wamaluwa wa matayala kapena magalasi, wattle, gabions, miyala ya ku rock, ladybugs, linga la mabedi, koyeretsa dzuwa.
Zomwe amangidwa
Kubzala ndi andromeda m'nyumba yawo yokha ikugwirana dzuwa kapena mthunzi madera. Koma zomera zimamva bwino penumbra, pafupi ndi mitundu yambiri yokongola.
Shrub yabzalidwa m'mabowo ang'onoang'ono pafupifupi 30 masentimita akuya, kuchokera pamene dera lakwawo lachotsedwa. Izi ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri kuti kulima mbewu, chifukwa silingalekerere ndale kapena zamchere, kotero kuti andromeda iyenera kukhala yaikulu pamagulu opangira.
Ndikofunikira! M'madera otseguka ndi owala, mcherewu umakula ngati mawonekedwe okwera kwambiri a mawonekedwe ozolowereka, mu penumbra chitsamba chimakhala chochepa komanso chochepa.
Nthaka ndi feteleza
Andromeda ali ndi masamba ambiri, monga onse a m'banja la Vereskov, amakonda kwambiri acidic dothi lachonde ndi pH mu 3.5-5, Choncho, zitsamba ziyenera kuyesedwa pa substrate zokoma za acidic. Komabe, nthaka sizikukwaniritsa zofunikira zonse panyumba iliyonse. Choncho, mmalo mwa dothi lachibadwidwe, mwapadera wokonzedwanso nthaka osakaniza yopangidwa ndi peat, mchenga, utuchi, zisowa zakugwa (muzitsulo zilizonse) zimatsanulidwa pa chiwembu.
Nthaka iyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti ayambe kugwira ntchito pogwiritsa ntchito chizindikiro chapadera, mwinamwake chomera chikhoza kufa. Ngati simungakwanitse acidity, gawoli liyenera kukhala lovomerezeka pogwiritsa ntchito peat.
Nthaka yoteroyo safuna feteleza yowonjezerapo, komabe, musanadzalemo, m'pofunika kuthira madzi ndi acidified mlingo wa: 10 malita a madzi pa 1 sq. M. mabedi a maluwa. Njira yothetsera vutoli imayikidwa pamaziko a citric (1 tsp. / 3 l madzi), oxalic (1 tsp. / 3 l madzi), acetic (10 g / 1 l madzi) kapena 9% malic acid (10 g / 1 l madzi). Koma asidi sulfuric acid (dilita 5-10 ml / 1 l madzi) ndi abwino kwa izi, koma kupeza izo si kophweka.
Zingakuthandizeni kuti muphunzire zambiri za mitundu yosiyana siyana ndi katundu wa nthaka, machitidwe a fetereza kwa iwo, momwe angadziwire okha kukhala acidity pa nthaka pamtengowu, momwe mungachichepetsere, komanso kuti mudziwe zomwe zimadalira momwe mungapangire chonde.
Andromeda ayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi pachaka., kumayambiriro kwa masika, isanayambe nyengo ya kukula. Mankhwala osakaniza amchere omwe ali ovuta ("Kemira Universal" kapena feteleza a hydrangeas) ndi abwino kwambiri chifukwa chaichi.
Manyowa amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito mawonekedwe owuma, ndi mawerengedwe a 1 tbsp. kanyumba ka 1/1, ndi yunifolomu kukonkha kwa feteleza kuzungulira chitsamba. Zakudya zina zowonjezera sizikufunika, koma kuti zitheke kukula ndi maluwa zimayenera kudyetsedwa 1-2 nthawi ya nthawi yogwira ntchito komanso maluwa.
Kuthirira ndi chinyezi
Andromeda imafuna kuthirira nthawi zonse, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Chomeracho chiyenera kuthiriridwa tsiku ndi tsiku, osachepera kawiri pa tsiku, komanso nyengo yotentha kwambiri pafupi ndi usana, ndikofunikira kuwonjezeranso nthambi za shrub ku mfuti. Ngati nthawi ya mvula yayitali, kuthirira chitsamba kumachitika ngati n'kofunikira.
Kwa ulimi wothirira, gwiritsani ntchito madzi abwino pamtentha. Pakadutsa masiku khumi ndi awiri mphambu khumi ndi limodzi (15), dothi liyenera kuchitidwa nthawi imodzi. Kuchita izi, madzi okwanira akuchepetsedwa ndi pang'ono (1 tsp / 3 l madzi), oxalic (1 tsp / 3 l madzi), acetic (10 g / 1 l madzi) kapena 9% malic acid (10 g / 1 l madzi).
Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yotentha, tchire timeneti timayenera kudulidwa ndi zitsulo kapena zisola zakugwa, izi zimathandiza kuteteza zomera kuti ziwotchedwe.
Kugwirizana kwa kutentha
Chomera sichimalekerera kutentha kwa nthawi yaitali, kotero kuti musanadzale ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kuti bedi ndi zitsamba zikhale zowonongeka kwambiri ndi kutetezedwa ku malo otentha a dzuwa.
Kutentha kwapadera kwa shrub panthawi yotentha kwa chaka ndi mkati + 20-25 ° C, koma zomera zimatha kupirira kutentha kwakukulu. Choncho, mitundu yodabwitsa kwambiri ya andromeda ingapeze nyengo yozizira kwambiri. Kuti zomera mukutentha kuti mukhale omasuka, musaiwale za kuthirira kwina.
Zima nthawi zambiri zimachitika pamtundu wa andromeda. Izi shrub imatha kupirira frosts yaitali, mpaka -45 ° C. Koma kuti chisanu chisakhudze maonekedwe a chomeracho, chiyenera kuphimbidwa. Pochita izi, mungagwiritse ntchito chophimba chophimba cha zomera kapena kugwiritsa ntchito nthambi zazing'ono za coniferous.
Kuswana
Andromeda imabereka bwino, mosasamala kanthu za nyengo ya chigawo chokula. Ndicho chifukwa chake masamba obiriwira ndi ofiira a maluwa omwe amawoneka bwino amatha kufika mofulumira. Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira ziwiri: pogwiritsa ntchito mbewu kapena vegetatively.
Mbewu
Pambuyo maluwa pa shrub, ang'onoang'ono zipatso mabokosi amapangidwa, omwe ali ndi njere, ndiwo omwe amachititsa mbewu. Mbewu imafesedwa mochulukira, kutseguka, nthaka yokonzedwa kale (gawo la acidified la peat, mchenga, utuchi ndi zisolo zakugwa mu kuphatikiza kulikonse). Nthawi yabwino yofesa ndiyo kutha kwa autumn. Mbewu zafesedwa zitsime zing'onozing'ono zedi kuposa masentimita asanu, pambuyo pake zimathiriridwa mochuluka ndi madzi acidified okonzedwa molingana ndi ndondomeko yomwe yafotokozedwa pamwambapa.
Nthanga za Andromeda zimapezeka m'chaka, pambuyo poyamba kuoneka thaw. Panthawiyi, m'pofunika kuti manyowa ndi namsongole amere, timatha kuchepetsa mbeu ngati kuli kofunikira. Pofuna kukonzanso mbeu kumera, amatha kumera m'miphika pakati pa firiji. Pochita izi, amafesedwa m'minda yaing'ono 4-5 masabata asanayambe, kenako mbande zimabzalidwa pamtunda.
Zamasamba
Kubzala masamba a shrub ili kumachitika pogawaniza rhizome kapena kumtumikizanitsa. Pakubereka ndi rhizome pakatikati pa kasupe, muyenera kukumba tchire tating'ono tomwe timapanga pabedi, kenaka tiwalekanitse mosamalitsa kuchokera muzu wa kholo. Pambuyo pake, tchire tating'ono tingathe kuikidwa pamalo atsopano. Kuti mbeuyo ikhale yogwirizana mwamsanga, iyenera kudyetsedwa ndi zovuta fetereza, ndipo iyenera kuthiriridwa mochuluka kwa masiku 20-30.
Andromeda cuttings ali kukolola mu theka lachiwiri la June, mwamsanga pambuyo maluwa. Kuchita izi, nthambi zing'onozing'ono zokhudzana ndi 5-7 masentimita zimadulidwa ku mphukira pachaka, pambuyo pake zimabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena pamalo otseguka pa gawo lachitsulo (acidified kusakaniza kwa peat, mchenga, utuchi ndi zidutswa zakugwa). Pamene mukukula mumadothi a pulasitiki ayenera kutsekedwa ndi pulasitiki kuti apange wowonjezera kutentha. Kwa masiku 20-30, zomera zimathira madzi ambiri, atatha kudulidwa, amawonetsedwa kuti amasamalidwa. Kwa nyengo yozizira, zomera zoterozo ziyenera kuikidwa nthawi zonse ndi katatu wa masentimita atatu, komanso spunbond. Patsiku lotsatira, zidutswazo zimakonzedwa ku malo osatha.
Ndikofunikira! Kuonjezera bwino kwa rooting, cuttings ayenera kupatsidwa ndi apadera kukula stimulants kwa zitsamba zing'onozing'ono.
Zingakhale zovuta kukula
Mavuto aakulu omwe wamaluwa akukumana nawo mukukula ndi andromeda ndi awa:
- Kusakwanira kwa acidity m'nthaka. Ngakhale pokhala malo okwanira kuchokera ku bedi kupita kumtambo wodalirika, mu miyezi ingapo, chifukwa cha masoka, nthaka imabwezeretsedwa ku ndale ya pH yosavomerezeka. Choncho, nyengo yonse yokula, m'pofunika kuyang'anira chizindikiro ichi mothandizidwa ndi zizindikiro zapadera.
- Chigumula cha zomera ndi kusungunula madzi. Izi zimapangitsa kuti shrub iwonongeke komanso kufa, choncho bedi liyenera kukhala lokhazikika bwino, ndipo madzi otsekemera ayenera kuthetsedwa kunja kwa malowa.
- Kutentha kwazitsamba. Izi zimachitika chifukwa cha kutseguka kwa mbewu, kuti zithetse, chingwe chophimbacho chiyenera kuchotsedwa mwamsanga mutangotha thaw.
- Kuthirira madzi ovuta kwambiri. Chinyezi ichi chimayambitsa salinization ya nthaka, zomwe zimayambitsa kulepheretsa kukula ndi kufa kwa zomera. Pofuna kupewa salinization, andromeda iyenera kuthiriridwa ndi mvula kapena madzi osungunuka.
Tizilombo, matenda ndi kupewa
Matenda omwe amafala kwambiri ndi andromedic multifilament ndi awa:
- kuphatikizapo chlorosis - chifukwa cha kusowa kwachitsulo, potaziyamu, magnesium ndi nayitrogeni m'nthaka, matendawa amadziwika ngati mawanga a chikasu pamapepala;
- tsamba la necrosis - ndi chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya, dothi la acidity ndi zina zomwe zikukula, zikuwonetsedwa ngati madontho a mdima omwe amakula pakapita nthawi kuti awononge masamba;
- imvi yovunda - matenda opatsirana omwe amachitidwa ndi bowa zazikulu Botrytis cinerea, Matendawa amadziwoneka ngati mdima wofiira pamphukira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti masambawo asagwe ndi kufa kwa mbewu;
- entomozy - zovuta za matenda omwe amabwera ndi tizilombo, zomwe kawirikawiri zimakhala chifukwa cha kugonjetsedwa kwa tizilombo toopsya Curculionidae: tizilombo timadya masambawo, omwe amachititsa kuti asinthe ndi necrosis.
Mukudziwa? Copper sulfate (copper sulfate) inayamba kuchitika mu 1648, chifukwa cha katswiri wamasayansi wa ku Germany Rudolf Glauber. M'makampani ogulitsa, mankhwalawa amalembedwa monga zakudya zowonjezera E519 - zotetezera.
Njira zikuluzikulu zothandizira kuteteza matenda ndi toromeda multifaceted:
- Kutsekera kwa nthaka asanabzala;
- nthawi feteleza ndi mchere feteleza;
- kusunga pabedi la zinthu zabwino kwambiri za nthaka ndi madzi;
- nthaka ya acidity control;
- gwiritsani madzi ofewa kwa ulimi wothirira;
- kuyesa zowononga zomera;
- Kusamalira nthawi ya bedi pabedi ndi zipangizo zoteteza (copper sulfate solution, Topaz, Fundazol).
Andromeda ambiri-laaved ndi chokongola chomera chomera chomwe chingabweretse zokondweretsa chisangalalo mu nyengo yokula. Komabe, kulima shrub uku kumafuna mwapadera. Chomeracho chimafuna kulemera, koma nthaka yosavuta, madzuwa apadera ndi madzi, komanso chithandizo choteteza tizirombo. Pokhapokha pazifukwa zonsezi, kulima ndi andromeda kudzapambana.
