Sizinsinsi kuti mbatata yomwe idabzala ndikukula ndi manja awo nthawi zonse imakhala yathanzi komanso yochuluka kuposa yogula. Izi zimangobzala mbewu yabwino, muyenera kudziwa nthawi komanso momwe mungayamire mbatata. Kenaka, ganizirani zazing'ono zomwe zimabzalidwa pokolola zochuluka.
Chimene mukufunikira kuti mukolole bwino
Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza ubwino wa mbatata zam'tsogolo ndizo zikhalidwe zomwe zimakula komanso zokolola zokha.
Phunzirani za zovuta za kukula kwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata: "Adretta", "Blue", "Queen Queen", "Good Luck", "Gala", "Kiwi", "Irbitsky", "Rosara".
Mavuto akukula
Amaseŵera mbali yofunikira pakupeza zokolola zabwino Kusankha malo omwe akukonzekera kubzala mbatata. Mbatata yokonzedweratu iyenera kuyesedwa pamalo owala kuchokera kumpoto mpaka kumwera.
Mafuta a hydrogen okhutira m'nthaka ndi ma unit 5-5.5, ngakhale kukula kwa muzu kumatheka m'nthaka ya acidic. Nthaka ikhale yopuma komanso yotayirira. Mbatata ndi yabwino kwambiri pakati pa miyendo ndi nthaka yochepa - mchenga, loamy, mchenga ndi dothi lakuda.
Ndikofunikira! Kuthamanga kwakukulu ndi kusowa kwa mpweya mu nthaka yolemerera dongo kungayambitse chitukuko chosauka chomera. Ndi zowonongeka kwambiri za nthaka, tubers zimakhudzidwa ndi zowola.Musanadzalemo nthaka muyenera kuchizidwa kawiri:
1. M'nthawi yophukira kukumba munda, atabweretsa manyowa panthaka. 2. M'chaka, ikani chisakanizo cha peat ndi mchenga pansi pamtunda wa makilogalamu 10 pa 1 mita imodzi. m
Kusankhidwa kwa kubzala zakuthupi
Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mudziwe bwino mbatata yabwino yoyenera kubzala kudera linalake. Ngati chaka chatha m'nyengo yachisanu yosungirako mbatata yawonongeka, ndiye kuti muzisintha zosiyana ndi zovuta zowonjezera. Ndibwino kuti mubzala mitengo itatu mosiyana., chifukwa n'zosatheka kufotokoza kuti ndi mitundu iti yomwe idzapereka zokolola zabwino.
Ndikofunika kusankha tubers kubzala mosamala kwambiri, chifukwa akhoza kutenga kachilomboka kapena nkhanambo.
Mbatata yobzala ayenera Konzani kuyambira nyengo yapitayikuyambira pa nthawi yomaliza yokolola. Sankhani yosungirako bwino komanso yokongola kwambiri ya sing'anga ya tubers kudzala chaka chamawa.
Pofuna kupeŵa matenda ndi bowa kuchokera kumasamba omwe amasankhidwa, ayenera kusungidwa mosiyana ndi mbatata yaikulu. Malo abwino oti asungire zinthu zakutchire adzakhala chotengera chokhala ndi mpweya wabwino kapena chipinda chapansi panthaka. Masabata angapo musanadzalemo mbatata, amachotsa m'chipinda chozizizira ndikupita nacho kumalo otentha kuti amere.
Mukudziwa? Kumera kwa tubers silovomerezeka, koma kunamera mbatata kukolola kufunika zokolola zambiri mofulumira.
Tsiku lofika
Kuti mudziwe tsiku limene kuli kofunika kudzala mbatata pansi, m'njira ziwiri: malingana ndi mtundu wa kubzala kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kalendala ya mwezi.
Malingana ndi zosiyanasiyana
Akatswiri amadziwa mitundu 5 ya mitundu ya mbatata mwa kukula:
- mitundu yoyambirira;
- choyimira molawirira;
- pakatikati;
- mochedwa mochedwa;
- mochedwa
Kumayambiriro kwa mwezi uno, tubers imayamba kumera. Pa zaka khumi zachiwiri za mwezi wa April, dzikoli likutentha kale, ndipo kutsika kungayambe. Pakati pa oyambirira mitundu yakucha mu 50-65 masiku, Odziwika kwambiri ndi awa: Impala, Red Scarlett, Dnipryanka ndi Rosalind.
Mapakati-oyambirira mbatata mitundu, monga "Sineglazka", "Zabava", "Mriya", "Nevsky", zipse masiku 65-80. Kufika kwawo kuli bwino kuyamba kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May. Komabe, m'pofunika kukumbukira kuti oyambirira ndi m'ma oyambirira mitundu ya mbatata amakhala ndi moyo wautali, starchiness ndi kulawa kwakukulu.
Mukudziwa? Zambiri zosiyana "Maso a buluu" Lili ndi dzina loyambirira lakuti "Hannibal", lomwe lapatsidwa kwa iye pofuna kulemekeza agogo a agogo a Alexander Pushkin Abram Hannibal. Iye anali woyamba ku Russia amene anayamba kuyesa kufufuza ndi kusunga mbatata.Mitengo ya pakatikati ya nyengo yabwino imabzalidwa kumapeto kwa May, pamene imapsa masiku 80-85. Ndi mitundu iyi yomwe imapindulitsa kwambiri ndipo imakhala yochulukirapo, pambali pake, safuna madzi okwanira mobwerezabwereza.
"Desiree", "Kuroda" ndi "Zdybak" amatanthauza zapakati-mochedwa mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbatata, yomwe imapsa masiku 95 mpaka 110. Kufika kwawo kukukonzekera bwino kumapeto kwa May.
Tsiku laposachedwa lodzala chomera ichi ndi pakati pa June., ngati mukufuna kuti anthu azidya moyenera. Mitundu ngati "Orbit", "Zarnitsa" ndi "Kadinali", yomwe ili yatsopano, ikusowa 110 ndi masiku ena okhwima. Amakhala osagwirizana ndi majeremusi osiyanasiyana ndi matenda. Kwenikweni, mbatata izi zimakula panthawi yachisanu kapena ngati chakudya cha ziweto.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kalendala ya mwezi
Pali chinthu chonga masiku abwino oti mubzala mbewu zosiyanasiyana m'munda, nyumba ya chilimwe, ndi zina. Mwezi umakhudza kwambiri mbatata.
Malingana ndi malo ake, kubzala, kukonza, kuthirira ndi kuthirira nthaka kumakhala nthawi zina. Kuti mupeze zokolola zabwino, muyenera kutsatira ndondomeko za kalendala ya mwezi, zomwe mungathe kudziwa ngati mukubzala mbatata tsiku linalake.
Mankhwala a mbatata tubers asanadzalemo ndi kutchuka adzateteza zomera ku Colorado mbatata kachilomboka.
Kwa 2018, akatswiri apeza bwino Masiku omwe ali oyenera kwambiri kubzala mbatata:
- May: 4-6; 14; 30-31;
- June: 1-2; 10-12; 29.
- May: 15; 20-23; 27-29;
- June: 13, 16-20; 23-24; 28
Kuwerengera kolondola - chinsinsi cha kukolola kolemera.
Kusankha kwa masiku omwe kuli koyenera kapena kosayenera kubzala mbatata kumakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wake ndi chisangalalo cha chilengedwe, komanso zokolola zonse. Ngakhale kuti ndi njira yosavuta, imafuna kusamala komanso kutsatira malamulo.
Mukudziwa? Mbatata ndi mbewu yofunika kwambiri ya nongrain padziko lapansi. Ndilofunika kwambiri pakati pa mbeu zonse zaulimi, tirigu, mpunga ndi chimanga.Choyamba ndikofunika kudziwa zolinga za kubzala mbatata. Ngati mukufuna mbatata yatsopano kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, sankhani mitundu yoyambirira yomwe imabuka mwamsanga. Koma pa nthawi yomweyo, kumbukirani kuti kumayambiriro sikukutanthauza khalidwe. Pakatikati pa nyengo ndi pakati pa mitundu yochedwa muzomweyi ndizo zabwino koposa kuti mupeze zokolola zochuluka za mbatata zokoma ndi zathanzi.
Kawirikawiri anthu amalima mbatata kuti azidyetsa ziweto. Pazochitikazi, sankhani mitundu yochedwa. Amasungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali ndikuphuka bwino, osagonjetsedwa ndi tizirombo ndi matenda.
Popeza kusankha tsiku la kubzala mbatata kumakhudza zokolola zake, musachedwe kubzala mbatata. Kumayambiriro koyambirira, maonekedwe a aphid asanakhalepo, zomera zimakula kudziko lakumana ndipo zimavutika ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Pozindikira nthawi yobzala mbatata sayenera kuiwala za nyengo, nthaka ya nthaka ndi tubers.
Masiku okulima amakhudzanso kusintha kwa zomera m'chilimwe. Ndikofunika kudzala mbewu iliyonse mosiyana pa nthawi yochepa kwambiri, mwinamwake mankhwala ena opatsirana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda adzataya mphamvu, monga momwe amachitira pazigawo zina za kukula kwa mbatata. Taganizirani za kuti ndi kubzala koyambirira kumene kuli chiopsezo chachikulu cha chisanu cha masika, chomwe chingawononge zokololazo.
Ndikofunikira! Pofuna kuchepetsa chiopsezo cha imfa ya mazira a mbatata kuchokera ku chitsimikizo cha masika frosts, kuwaza poyamba adzalima mizu ndi nthaka yochepa.Anthu ambiri amatsatira zizindikiro za dziko ndikuyamba kubzala mbatata panthawi yokolola nthawi ya birch ndi mapeto a maluwa a mtengo wa chitumbuwa.
Zomwe zimabzala mbatata kumatsekuka zimawoneka zophweka, koma panthawi imodzimodziyo zomera zambiri zimatha kuvutika ndi kusamvera malamulo oyambirira. Pankhaniyi Zomwe zimapangidwira zokolola zabwino ndi izi:
- kusunga chikhalidwe cha kutentha kwakukulu;
- kusunga chinyontho chofunikira cha nthaka ndi feteleza;
- Kusankha mitundu yabwino ya mbatata malingana ndi momwe nthaka ikuyendera ndi nthawi yakucha.
Chofunika kwambiri pa zokolola zochuluka ndi nthawi yoyenera yobzala tubers. Chilengedwe chonse ndi makalendala amwezi, omwe amapangidwa mwachindunji kuti asankhe masiku abwino kwambiri pa ulimi, akhoza kuthandizira izi.
