Kudula kumatha kukungula, ndipo mbande zomwe zimamera kuchokera mmenemo zimakhala zofanana ndi zosiyana siyana monga mchenga wa mayi.
Pa chifukwa chimenechi, kumtumikizanitsa ndi njira yofala kwambiri yobzala mphesa.
Kodi mungasankhe bwanji kudula?
Nthawi yokolola
Ndi bwino kukolola cuttings mu autumn, pa misa kudulira wa tchire. N'chifukwa chiyani kugwa? Chowonadi ndi chakuti m'nyengo yozizira mbali yaikulu ya maso ndi mipesa imamwalira chifukwa cha kuzizira. Pa chifukwa ichi, kuchuluka kwa maso opindulitsa pamene mukukolola cuttings mu kugwa kaŵirikaŵiri kumaposa zotsatira za kukolola kasupe.
Chifukwa chake, m'pofunika kukhala ndi nthawi yosankha cuttings musanayambike chisanu, pamene nthawi imadalira malo okhala. Ndipotu, m'madera ena kale kumapeto kwa September, choyamba kutaya kutentha kwa chizindikiro pansipa zero chikupezeka.
Kusankhidwa kwa mipesa ya cuttings
Kukambitsirana mwachidwi, zimakhala zomveka bwino cuttings (kapena chubuki) ayenera kudula kuchokera ku tchire ndi zokolola zambiri ndipo, ndithudi, wathanzi. Ngati muli ndi minda yamphesa yayikulu, ndikofunika kukonzekera chitsamba chomwe chimakukondani, kuti musasokoneze mitundu.
Mpesa, zomwe tidzakolola cuttings, sayenera kuonongeka ndi matenda ndi chisanu. Tili ndi chidwi ndi mpesa wabwino. Kodi mukudziwa kuti sangathe kudziwika ndi mtundu wawo wa tsaya la mdima?
Atagwira mbali yothamanga ya nevzaryvshuyu, ndi mtundu wobiriwira, ndipo pambuyo pake, kukhudza, kucha, mumamva kusiyana kwa zovuta. Yoyamba idzawoneka yozizira poyerekeza ndi yachiwiri.
Kugula
Kotero, tazindikira kale kuti tikufunikira mpesa wabwino, kapena kuti, gawo lake. Monga lamulo, pakati ndi m'munsi muli abwino. MitunduKumene kulibe mphukira yosatulutsidwa, sikoyenera kwa ife. Kuphatikiza pa kufufuza kunja, mlingo wa ukalamba wa mpesa ukhoza kutiwuza ife ndi momwe timayambira ndi ayodini.
Ngati mdulidwewo umatsikira ku 1% wa ayodini, ndiye kuti ukhoza kuona kuti pang'onopang'ono mtunduwo umakhala wakuda kwambiri, womwe umasonyeza kusasitsa kokwanira. Ndipo enawo adzawona mtundu wobiriwira. Mphukira izi sizakula mokwanira.
Komanso chizindikiro chofunika ndi kuwombera makulidwe. Koposa zonse, ngati kutalika kwake kudzakhala 7-10 mm, koma pamwambapo sikunachepera 6mm. Kupatulapo ndi mitundu ya mphesa ndi mpesa wabwino. Choyenera, phesi liyenera kukhala ndi internodes asanu, ngati zambiri, ndiye bwino.
Pambuyo pa overwintering, n'zotheka kudula gawo labwino kwambiri. Koma alimi ena amawona kuti ndi abwino komanso phesi ndi masamba atatu kapena anayi. Kudula kudula kumapangidwa ndi shears. Timapanga umodzi kudula pansi, ndipo chachiwiri (chapamwamba) - pakati pa internode.
Kudula kutalika ayenera kukhala masentimita makumi asanu ndi awiri, katundu uyu adzakulolani kuti musinthe magawo omwe adzauma panthawi yosungirako. Mitengoyi imamasulidwa kuchokera ku masamba, mapiritsi ndi masitepe, ndipo amangiridwa ndi matumba pogwiritsa ntchito waya. Onetsetsani kuti mutumizira chizindikiro chomwe chili ndi zofunikira zonse: nambala ya cuttings, nthawi yokolola, kalasi.
Kusungirako
Khalani cuttings amafunika pamalo ozizira. Kawiri kawiri amagwiritsa ntchito zipinda zapansi, cellars, komanso amawaponya pamitengo (osachepera 25 cm). Chofunika kwambiri ndi kutentha ndi chinyezi mu chipinda. Zizindikiro ziyenera kukhala kuyambira 0 mpaka +4 ºС, ndipo zosapitirira 60%.
Kukonzekera yosungirako kumaphatikizaponso disinfection cuttings mu 3% yothetsera sulfate yamkuwa. Izi ziyenera kuteteza nkhungu m'tsogolomu. Pambuyo pa njirayi, amachotsedwamo ndipo amasiyidwa kwa mphindi pang'ono mumlengalenga kuti aziuma, kenako nkuyikidwa kusungirako.
Ambiri a viticulturists amakhulupirira kuti musanayambe kusungunula zipatso, m'pofunika kudzaza ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi kuti mupewe kuyanika. Choncho, musanayambe kuchiza mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, musanalowetse timadzi timadzi m'madzi tsiku limodzi.
Ngati mumabzala zidutswa zosagulitsa, koma nokha, ndiye kuti simukusowa malo ambiri kuti muzisunge. Pachifukwachi, oyenera ndi bokosi la matabwa lomwe pansi pake limapangidwa ndi mchenga 10 masentimita wandiweyani, cuttings, kenako kachidutswa ka mchenga, ndi zina zotero Panthawi yosungirako, pitirizani kuyang'anitsitsa ndikuyang'ana kutentha ndi chinyezi mu chipinda. Kuthamanga ndi mchenga wothira, ngati n'koyenera.
Analimbikitsa Onetsetsani kuchepetsa zipatso nthawi imodzi m'nyengo yozizira. Izi zimachitidwa molingana ndi mfundo iyi: ma cuttings omwe anali ochokera pansipa - anakwera pamwamba ndipo, mosiyana, apamwambawo adatenga malo awo pansi.
Zonse kuyendera kwa cuttings Ayenera kuchitidwa kamodzi pamwezi ndikusiya zovunda ndipo sangathe kubwezeretsedwa. Ngati nkhungu zangoyamba kumene, ziyenera kusambitsidwa ndi kupatsiridwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda pogwiritsa ntchito yankho la potaziyamu permanganate, kenako zouma ndi kusungidwa.
Ndi yosungiramo ngalande dzenje linakumbidwa pafupifupi masentimita makumi asanu kuyalala, filimuyo yaikidwa pansi kuti mipando yaulere ikhalebe. Kenaka zidutswazo zimayikidwa, zophimbidwa ndi filimu yotsalira ndi chishango chaikidwa pamwamba pa dzenje, lomwe liri ndi nthaka 25 cm. Ndi njira yosungiramo, cuttings sichimasinthidwa.
Kwa kusungirako pang'ono cuttings anthu amagwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana, pokhala ndi zinsinsi zawo ndi zidule zawo. Ena amagwiritsa ntchito chidebe chokhazikika, ena amagwiritsa ntchito mabotolo a pulasitiki, ndipo ena amagwiritsa ntchito miphika yamba ya maluwa. Tapenda njira zowonongeka zowonongeka.
Nthawi yachisanu ikafika kumapeto, tikhoza kuyang'ana kukonzekera kwa tizirombo timene timabzala. Pachifukwa ichi, zidutswa zimatengedwa kuchokera kumbali zosiyanasiyana ndikuyikidwa m'madzi. Kutupa kwa impso patapita masiku ochepa kumasonyeza kuti maso ali mukumutsidwa, ndipo posachedwa kudzakhala kotheka kuyamba kubzala.
Ndikondweretsanso kuŵerenga za kubzala mphesa mu kugwa ndi mitengo.
Chotsani
Pakatikati pa mwezi wa March, timadula timene timapeza kuchokera ku malo osungirako zinthu ndikuyendera bwino. Muyenera kutsimikiza kuti mphukira ndi yamoyo. Sinthani magawo. Ayenera kukhala wobiriwira. Ngati mumapanga impso yopotoka, ndiye kuti iyenso imawoneka yathanzi, ndipo ilibe mtundu wakuda ndi wofiirira.
Choncho, tinasankha mphukira zabwino kwambiri. Tsopano ndikofunikira kudula iwo pa cuttings ali ndi maso awiri. Pachifukwa ichi, timayesetsa kupanga chigawo chapansi m'munsi mwa impso, komanso chapamwamba kuti masentimita awiri akhale pamwamba pake. Kuti tipewe chisokonezo pamunsi pa kudula ndi pamwamba, timapanga chochepetsedwa chochepa. Tsopano mukufunika kupanga zokopa zazing'ono monga zokopa pakati pa pakati mpaka pansi.
Kenako, akuchitidwa kutseka cuttings mu madzi wamba tsiku limodzi, ndikuchepetseni kagawo mu mtsuko ndi njira yapadera yomwe imalimbikitsa mizu yozembera miyendo, pa nthawi yomweyi. Pambuyo pochita izi, timayika kachidutswa kachidutswa mu mtsuko wa madzi oyera, mlingo umene uyenera kufika mamita atatu mpaka anayi.
Pamene madzi akutha, amayenera kubwereranso. Ndibwino kuyika banki pamalo a dzuwa. Pakadutsa masiku khumi, impso zapamwamba ziyamba kuphulika, ndipo masiku makumi awiri mizu yoyamba idzayamba kuonekera. Akangoyamba kubwerera, kudula kungaganizidwe kuti ndi kotheka kubzala.
Mphamvu ndi gawo lapansi zakonzedwa pasadakhale. Amatengedwa mofanana: mchenga, nthaka kuchokera kumunda, humus ndi wakale utuchi. Zonsezi ziyenera kukhala zosasunthika ndipo zisakhale zowonongeka. Monga chidebe, mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mabotolo popanda pamwamba. Pansi timapanga mabowo kuti madzi azimitsa madzi ndi kuyala ngalande.
Kenaka timagona 8 masentimita makumi asanu ndi atatu (8 cm) omwe adakonzedwa kale, amachepetsanso kudula ndiyeno akugona ndi nthaka kuti mphukira yachinyama ikhale pamwamba pa gawo lapansi. Timamwa madzi ndipo timavala zenera zowonjezera dzuwa.
Monga kuvala pamwamba Mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa ndi potaziyamu, koma palibe, feteleza okhala ndi nayitrogeni, omwe angapangitse kukula kwa mphukira mofulumira. Ngati mukuwona njira yotereyi, ndiye kuti mukhoza kutseka kuthawa. Tikadziŵa kuti sipadzakhala chisanu, tidzatha kubzala kudula malo osatha.
Poyambirira, timayesetsa kuti anawo asatuluke kuwala kwa dzuwa mothandizidwa ndi zomangamanga. Ngati chirichonse chikuchitidwa molondola, mosamala ndi chikondi, ndipo chidzapitirizabe kusamalidwa mofanana, ndiye mu zaka ziwiri kapena zitatu mudzatha kudzikondweretsa nokha ndi zokolola zoyamba.
Ndipo tikukhumba kuti mupambane muzochita zanu zonse!
