Ndithudi pa dacha iliyonse muli mitengo ya chitumbuwa ndi zipatso zokongola komanso zamadzimadzi.
Mavitaminiwa samangokhala mavitamini m'nyengo ya chilimwe, komanso amadya kwambiri ana ndi akulu m'nyengo yozizira.
Zili bwino kwambiri, zimasungidwa ndi zouma m'nyengo yozizira.
Mmene mungakulitsire chipatso cha mtengo ndikuwatchinjiriza kuti asagwidwe ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ndipotu, chirichonse chiri chophweka kwambiri, muyenera kudziwa nthawi, bwanji ndi chifukwa chiyani mukuchitira.
Tsatanetsatane wa feteleza wamtengo
Manyowa chitumbuwa chimatsatira pakatikati pa autumnchifukwa Mtengo uwu umayamba kukondweretsa ife ndi maluwa ake chimodzi choyamba. Zovala zapamwamba ndi feteleza osiyanasiyana (peat manyowa, zitosi za mbalame, humus, etc.) ndizofunikira kuti apereke kukula ndi mphamvu.
Ambiri wamaluwa wamaluwa amachotsa chochitika ichi kumapeto, chomwe chiri cholakwika kwambiri. Mtengo utatha fruiting uli wofooka ndipo umayenera kubwezeretsanso nkhokwe za zinthu zonse zosowa ndi zazikulu zosowa. Ndi feteleza wotsatira wa nthaka, mtengo sungakhoze kulekerera chisanu chifukwa cha kutaya kofulumira kumatuluka mmenemo.
Kupaka pamwamba yogwiritsidwa ntchito kokha wodetsedwa, chifukwa mtengo umapatsa masamba ake, ndipo njira yopangira foliar imakhala yopanda phindu.
Mukamakumba nthaka pamtengo pafupi ndi tsinde, yikani feteleza yomwe imalimbikitsa nthaka ndi zinthu zothandiza ndipo imakula bwino.
Ubwino ndi maonekedwe a feteleza zimadalira mtundu wa nthaka ndi microclimate m'deralo. Ngati pa malo anu ambiri nthaka yamchengandiye yamatcheri amafunikira chakudya cholimbachifukwa Kuchokera ku nthaka yochepa kwambiri zinthu zothandiza zimatsuka kwambiri kuposa nthaka yolemera kwambiri.
M'dzinja, m'pofunika kuthetsa mankhwala a nayitrogeni, ndi kukhazikitsa calcium, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu m'nthaka.
Zakudya zochepa zotsatira Yambani pambuyo poti mbeu yonse ikololedwa, zipatso zovunda zachotsedwa ndipo mtengo wachotsedwa ndi nthambi zopanda thanzi komanso zouma. Mitengo 30 ya humus kwa mitengo yaying'ono ndi 50 kg ya mitengo ya zaka zoposa 9 imayikidwa bwino (osapitirira 15 masentimita), nthaka imachotsedwa kumsongole.
Mukhozanso kugwirizanitsa chovala chokongoletsera cha mtengo ndi kumwetsa pambuyo pokumba nthaka. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani yankho lotero: 3 tbsp. superphosphate + 2 tbsp. potaziyamu sulfate pa 10 malita a madzi. Kuthirira kumakhala kokwanira mokwanira., pafupifupi 15 malita a madzi pansi pa mitengo yokhwima komanso 8 malita - pansi pa mitengo yaing'ono.
Mmodzi mwa mitundu yotchuka komanso yotchipa ya feteleza ya chitumbuwa mu kugwa ndi manyowa a nkhuku. Koma ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti kupitirira kwake kungayambitse kutentha kwa mizu.
Ndikofunika kutsatira ndondomekoyi kuphika fetereza nkhuku zinyalala. Kuti muchite izi, tengani 1-1.5 makilogalamu a manyowa a nkhuku ndi malo mu chidebe cha 10-lita. Onjezerani pafupifupi 4 malita a madzi pamenepo ndipo mupite kwa masiku awiri kuti mupange. Pambuyo pa kuwonjezera madzi kumapeto kwa chidebe ndikusakaniza bwino. Feteleza ndi okonzeka. Momwemonso sizingasokoneze munda wanu.
Chomera chotchuka chotere chimakhala manyowa kapena kompositi. Pachifukwa ichi, ndi manyowa okhaokha omwe ali ndi zaka 2-3 omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito, omwe sangathe kuchepetsedwa, mwinamwake iwo adzasandulika chisakanizo cha ammonia.
Pa nthaka yabwino, imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga feteleza. nitroammofoski. Ndizo feteleza bwino, lomwe limapanga 4 zigawo zake: sulfure, phosphorous, potaziyamu ndi nayitrogeni. Koma chifukwa cha dongo lalikulu dothi ndi kusowa kwa zakudya, fetereza iyi ndi yofunika kwambiri. Iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokhapokha ndi zowonjezera zina.
Ndizosangalatsa kuwerenga za chisamaliro ndi kubzala kwa kumva yamatcheri.
Kugwira magudumu mabwalo
Nchifukwa chiyani ndi kofunika kuwona kukula kwa gudumu? Mzere wa Pristvolny umadzaza mtengo ndi zifukwa zonse zofunika kuti ukhale wathanzi: mpweya, madzi, chakudya.
Kukula kwa bwalo la thunthu liyenera kukhala lalikulu kuposa mtengo wa korona wa mtengo, kotero kuti mtengo wake umasintha chaka chilichonse. Kuti muwerenge molondola miyeso ya gudumumuyenera kuyeza korona m'mimba ndi kuchulukitsa ndi 1.5. Izi zidzakhala zofunikira pa mtengo wina.
Pokumba m'dzinja, m'pofunika kuti ndegeyo ikhale pambali pa bwalo la thunthu. Ngati simunatsatidwe lamuloli, pali chiwopsezo cha mizu yayikulu yowonongeka, yomwe idzapeza mphamvu kwa nthawi yaitali. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mafoloko apadera, koma pang'onopang'ono, nthaka yosasuka. Pafupi ndi mtengo wa shtambu, kuyima kwakukulu kumakhala kochepa. Pa thunthu - 7-8cm, ndi mbali yonse ya bwalo 10-12cm.
Kudulira Cherry mu Kugwa
Ndikofunika kuti tipeze nthambi za mtengo wa chitumbuwa, ngakhale amaluwa ena amakhulupirira kuti mitengo yamwala siidasowa. Tanthauzo la kudulira ndikuti mtengo umatsogolera mphamvu ndi mphamvu zake osati mu chitukuko cha korona wandiweyani, koma pa kuchuluka kwa ubwino wa mbewu.
Kuti munda wanu uwoneke bwino komanso ukhale wabwino kwambiri, ndi bwino kudulira nthambi m'dzinja. Kumapeto kwa nyengo, nthambi zomwe silingathe kupirira chisanu zimachotsedwa. Kutha kudulira kwa yamatcheri kumayambira pakati pa mwezi wa September ndi kumaliza kumayambiriro kwa December.
Kudulira kungatchedwe ngati njira yothandizira mu moyo wa mtengo. Choncho, muyenera kuganizira zinthu zina. Ndikofunika kwambiri kuti mtengo wayamba kale korona ndipo wapuma.
Koma sitiyenera kuiwala kuti m'pofunika kukhala ndi nthawi isanakwane isanayambike chisanu, mwinamwake mtengo udzakhala wofooka ndipo chisanu kukana kudzachepa. Choncho, kumpoto, kudulira mitengo ndikofunika kuthetsa mu September, ndipo kumwera - n'zotheka kuchita zonsezi.
Malingana ndi msinkhu wa mtengo, kudulira yamatcheri wapangidwa ndi pruner kapena anaona. Mitengo yaing'ono imadulidwa ndi mpeni, chifukwa pruner angawononge iwo. Kudyetsa mbande kokha m'dzinja sikumasowa kudulira, chifukwa iwo akuyamba kupanga korona ndi kupeza mphamvu. Ngati atadulidwa, ndiye kuti chisanu chikhoza kufa.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mitengo ya anthu akuluakulu, nthambi zowuma ndi nthambi zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi matendawa zimangotengedwa kupita kumalo osasokonezeka. Nthambi zonse zodulidwa ndi masamba otsala ziyenera kutenthedwa kuti zisatetezedwe ku mtengo ndi kupewa kufalikira kwa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Kudulira izi kumatchedwa kuteteza.
Komanso pa mitengo akuluakulu ayenera kuchotsa nthambi zazikulu ndi nthambizomwe zimapanga korona wosasinthasintha, zopepuka kunja kwa malo okhwima ndi kuthandizira nthambi. Izi zidzakuthandizani kukwera kwa mlengalenga kwa mtengo ndikuwonjezera kuwala kwa dzuwa ku nthambi zopatsa zipatso.
Dulani nthambi zomwe zikukula mkati mwa korona, pang'onopang'ono ndi kumtunda. Kuti apange korona yoyenera ndi kufotokoza kwake pogwiritsira ntchito njira yofupikitsira - izi ndi pamene kudula kumadutsa pa msinkhu wa impso, ndipo mbali yokha ya mphukira imachotsedwa.
Ngati mtengo sunadulidwe kwa zaka zambiri ndipo uli ndi korona wochuluka, wosasamalidwa, ndiye kuti uyenera kuchepetsedwa kwa zaka zingapo. Apo ayi, kudulira dziko lonse kudzataya kwambiri ndi kufooketsa mtengo.
Mitengo yokhwima iyenera kudulidwa kamodzi pakatha zaka 2-3, pamene mitengo yaying'ono iyenera kudulidwa chaka chilichonse mpaka korona yoyenera ipangidwe. Chidule cha kudulira mitengo yaying'ono ndiyo mphukira zonse zimachotsedwa, ndipo pa thunthu pali nthambi zingapo zomwe zimagawidwa mofanana.
Pogwiritsira ntchito njira yopfupikitsa, muzitali zapakati pazaka ziwiri, nthambi yapakati imadulidwa patali mtunda wa masentimita 25 kuchokera kutali kwambiri, ndi zonse zotsekedwa - patalika masentimita 35 kuchokera kumalo ovuta kwambiri.
Musamaphatikizepo kuchepetsa korona wa mitengo, mitengo ikuluikulu yomwe imakhudzidwa ndi galasi kapena khansa yakuda. Kuchokera ku mitengo iyi ikhoza kufa.
Pambuyo pa ntchito zowulira mitengo yamatcheri, mtengo umasowa chisamaliro choyenera, mwinamwake mfundo zodulidwa zidzakwera pang'onopang'ono ndipo padzakhalanso chithandizo.
Zonse magawo amafunikira mwamsanga kuthana ndi phula la munda, utoto wa mafuta, mafuta odzola kapena antiseptic. Mankhwala omwe ali ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo "Novosilom" omwe amawathira 3 ml pa 10 l madzi sangakhale oposera.
Alimi amaluwa pokonzekera kudulira munda wawo ayenera kulingalira za kalendala ya mwezi. Tikukufotokozerani zazikuluzikulu:
- Njira yabwino yopangira kudulira mwezi;
- si zabwino kwambiri ngati mwezi ukukula;
- masiku abwino kutsogolo kwa mwezi watsopano;
- ndipo izi siziyenera kuchitika masiku angapo mwezi usanafike.
Tetezani chitumbuwa ku chimfine
Ngakhale chitumbuwa chimatchedwa mtengo wosasunthika, chimafunikanso chitetezo ku chimfine pamodzi ndi zikhalidwe zina.
Kuvala bwino pamwamba pa kugwa kudzaza mtengo ndi zinthu zothandiza ndikuwonjezera chisanu kukana. Chinthu chachikulu sichiyenera kupitirira chifukwa feteleza mopitirira muyeso kulimbitsa kutaya kwapopowo kuchepetsa chisanu kukana.
Pofika kumapeto kwa dzuŵa, dongo lapafupi liyenera kukhala lopangidwa ndi kompositi kapena manyowa. Izi sizidzangowonjezera zakudya zokha za nkhuni, komanso zidzakulitsa chisanu chake.
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti makulidwe a mulch sayenera kupitirira 10cm. Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yofewa, ndiye kuti chisanu chokwera chimasonkhana pamtengo ndikukoka pamwamba pa mulch kuchokera ku utuchi kapena udzu kudzakhala chitetezo chabwino cha mizu.
Chonde dziwani kuti mulch sayenera kugwira thunthu la mtengomwinamwake, izo zidzathandiza kuti phindu ndi kuvunda kwa makungwa.
Kumapeto kwa autumn, wamaluwa amadziwa kuika thumba la chitumbuwa ndi zigawo zingapo za pepala loyera, zopanda nsalu zopanda kanthu kapena zoyera za polypropylene. Izi zidzateteza mtengo ku dzuwa, womwe umawonekera chifukwa chakuti masana dzuwa limatentha kwambiri makungwa, ndipo usiku umachepa kwambiri.
Zoterezi Ngwewe ikhoza kuteteza mitengo yaying'onoMpunga wa mandimu umatsutsana. Mukhozanso kugwiritsa ntchito mapesi osakaniza a rasipiberi, bango, firitsi, kapena mabulosi akuda.
Tsopano za kuthirira mtengo
Kuchuluka kwa kuthirira kumatengera momwe mtengo uliri zakale. Young mbande vuli ndilofunikira madzi mpaka maulendo 15, ndipo mitengo yokhwima siimasowa madzi okwanira nthawi zambiri. Amayenera kuthirira madzi mochepa, koma mochuluka kuti dothi likhale lolimba m'nthaka kwa theka la mita.
Madzi otsiriza ayenera kuthiridwa pambuyo kukumba ndi fetereza pafupi ndi tsinde. Ayenera kukhala ochuluka kwambiri, omwe alimi omwe amadziwa bwino ngakhale amatha kupopera mapaipi pansi. Pambuyo pake, mtengowo sungadziwe kuti uchepetse kuyamwa kutaya ndikukonzekera mtengo nthawi yachisanu.
Chitetezo ku matenda ndi tizirombo, kuyera
Pofuna kuteteza munda wanu ku tizirombo tambirimbiri kumayambiriro kwa chisanu choyamba, bwalo la thunthu limatulutsidwa ndi 5% ya urea yankho.
Njira ya Urea ndipamwamba kwambiri ya nayitrogeni feteleza yomwe ingathe kuwononga ambiri a tizirombo, tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, komanso imalepheretsa kubereka
Adani omwe amadziwika kwambiri ndi mitengo yamwala ndi mbozi ya golidi, mchenga, ndowe, njenjete, ndi mphutsi za sawfly zamtengo wapatali wamtengo wapatali kwambiri.
Zimayambitsa impso, panthawi yomwe imakhala yotupa kwambiri, zimadyetsa masamba ndi masamba ang'onoting'ono, kuswa masamba, kuwononga maluwa ndi masamba a zipatso.
Ngati mukhalabe ndi tizilombo pa mtengo, muyenera nthawi yomweyo spray trunk ndi nthambi ndi njira yothetsera tizilombo. Osathandiza zoipa ndi Cypermethrin, yomwe ili ndi zochita zambiri. Cypermethrin ndi mbali ya mankhwala monga Cifox, Mustang, Arlimo, Inta-Vira, ndi zina.
Ngakhale mosamala, sikungatheke kuteteza munda wa chitumbuwa ku matenda. Wolima munda wodziwa bwino ayenera kudziwa bwino ena mwa iwo kuti adziwe nthawi yake:
- dzimbiri kapena coccomycosis. Mu matendawa, omwe ali pachiopsezo kwambiri ali mphukira zazing'ono ndi masamba, omwe ali ndi zida zamdima;
- monilioz.- masamba ndi maluwa, komanso zipatso ndi nthambi zowuma;
- mankhwala a gamma - nthambi zakufa zimafa;
- perforated spotting - chodziwika ndi zomwe zimatsogolera ku imfa ya masamba, maluwa ndi masamba;
- Zipatso ndi zovunda - imodzi mwa matenda owopsa kwambiri a mitengo. Poyamba kukangana kwa chipatso, zilonda izi zimafalikira mofulumira m'mundamo.
Ndicho chifukwa chake muyenera kukonzekera mitengo ndi kusamalira munda mu kugwa. Masamba onse okololedwa, masamba odulidwa ndi masamba otsala amasonkhanitsidwa pamalo amodzi ndikuwotchedwa kwathunthu. Izi zidzathetsa mavitamini onse ndi spores a matenda osiyanasiyana.
Mmodzi wa opambana kwambiri wotchuka chilengedwe chonse ndi zotsika mtengo Mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi iron sulphate. Chifukwa cha iye, nkotheka kuti zithetsere fruiting, komanso kubwezeretsa mitengo yakale, kuonjezera chisanu chawo. Komabe, m'pofunika kudziŵa zoyenera kuchitidwa kuti mupeze zoyenera.
Pofuna kuthana ndi misa ndi mabulu, 5-7% yothetsera sulphate ndi yokwanira. Olima wamaluwa osadziwa zambiri amawonjezera laimu ndi vitriol buluu. Izi ndizolakwika, ndipo zidzatsogolera zotsatira zolakwika. Limu yawonjezeredwa ku vitriol ya buluu. Pochiza mitengo ndi vitriol, ganizirani mtundu wa matenda a mtengo uliwonse pokonzekera njira yothetsera vutoli.
Pochotsa tizirombo, sulfate yokha sungakhale yokwanira. Yankho la fodya-shag limathandizanso kwambiri pa izi.
Zosiyana chidziwitso cha vitriol ndi kuti sizingathandize kuthetsa mitundu yonse ya zinyama ndi zamtundu, koma zimathandizanso kuonjezera maluwa a zipatso ndi kukula kwa nthambi zatsopano. Izi zidzakuthandizani kusintha zipatso ndi maonekedwe a munda wanu.
Sitiyenera kuiwala za tizirombo tambiri - mbewa ndi mbewa. Pofuna kuteteza mitengo kwa iwo, kugwedeza ndi denga kumamveka kapena kudumphira kumverera, komwe kumamangirizidwa ndi waya, kukhoza kubedwa. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti chitetezochi chiyenera kulowa pansi, ndipo makoswe sangathe kufika pamunsi pa mtengo.
Mungagwiritsenso ntchito silinda kuchokera mu botolo la pulasitiki lomwe limakumbidwa mosamala pansi kuti mbewa zisamawononge mizu.
