Anthu onse, makamaka theka lachikazi, amakonda maluwa. Pambuyo pake, ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito zabwino kwambiri za chirengedwe, zomwe sizikudabwitsa ndi mawonekedwe atsopano ndi kuzimitsa nthawi iliyonse. Ndipo, ndithudi, izi ndi zoona makamaka mfumukazi ya maluwa - maluwa. Za iye ndipo tidzafotokozedwa m'nkhani yathu.
Anakhala mbiri yakale
Chomera chakale ngati duwa ndithudi chiri ndi mbiri yakale, chodzaza ndi zinsinsi zambiri ndi nthano zambiri.
Chiyambi cha mawu
Poyamba, dzina la duwa ku Old Persian linkamveka ngati "wrodon". Komanso, m'Chigiriki chakale adasandulika kukhala "rbodon", ndipo m'Chilatini adapeza dzina lodziwika ndi lodziwika bwino la "rosa".
Phunzirani momwe mungasamalire maluwa mu mphika, momwe mungamere maluwa kuchokera ku maluwa, ndi momwe mungasankhire malo ogona m'nyengo yozizira.
Mbiri ya kulima
Mbiri yakale imati India wakale ndi malo obadwira maluwa. Kumeneko, munthu amene anabweretsa mfumuyi ankamufunsa chilichonse. Chomeracho chinkagwiritsidwa ntchito pa miyambo yonse yachipembedzo komanso yachipembedzo ndipo inali yodabwitsa kwambiri. Kuyambira Kummawa, duwa linkafika ku Roma wakale. Kumeneko, maluwa anayamba kukula, ngakhale kuti cholinga chachikulu cha minda nthawi imeneyo chinali kupanga zomera zothandiza (kudya, mawonekedwe a mankhwala, ndi zina zotero). 
Ndi kugwa kwa ufumuwo, munda waukulu unadutsa ku nyumba za ambuye. Ngakhale kuti maluwawo anali osangalatsa kwambiri, sizinali zachilendo, maluwa ankanyadira malo ndipo anaphatikizidwa mndandanda wa zomera zoyenera kubzala. Kunali kuphulika ku Greece, komwe kunalinso kolemekezeka kwambiri. Apo iye anabwera kuchokera ku Roma kapena molunjika kuchokera Kummawa. Atagonjetsedwa ndi Konstantinopo ndi Zipembedzo za ku Yudeya, mitundu yoyamba yosadziwika inawonekera. Panthawi imeneyo, maluwawo anali kukula mwakuya, ndipo chithunzi chake chinalipo mu heraldry ndi zomangamanga.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi kuti mudziwe za magulu ndi magulu omwe maluwa angagawidwe. Ndizolakwika ziti omwe wamaluwa amapeza nthawi zambiri, momwe angagwiritsire ntchito manyowa maluwa kumapeto kwa nyengo, chilimwe ndi autumn, komanso momwe mungasiyanitse duwa kuchokera ku rosehip.Maluwawo ankawoneka ngati chizindikiro cha ungwiro. M'zaka za zana la 18th-19th, mayesero ambiri anapangidwa kuti apange mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa yomwe inali yosagwirizana ndi nyengo ya ku Ulaya. Izi zinatheka kokha kumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 1900. Kuchokera apo, kusankha ndi kulima kwa chomera ichi kumachitika m'mayiko ambiri, ndipo duwa lokha limatengedwa ngati lachikale ndipo silikutaya kutchuka kwake.
Mukudziwa? Chiwerengero chachikulu cha maluwa ogulitsidwa pa Tsiku la Valentine. Chiwerengero cha maluwa ogulitsidwa padziko lonse lapansi chifikira 3 miliyoni.
Kulongosola kwa zomera
Mitundu yosiyana imasiyanasiyana ndi mtundu, mawonekedwe, kukoma, koma zonse zimakhala ndi makhalidwe omwe mungathe kuzindikira mosavuta duwa pakati pa maluwa ena. 
Mafomu a tchire ndi mphukira
Mbali imodzi ya maluwa ikuphatikizapo zigawo zotsatirazi:
- zimayambira;
- mphukira za dongosolo losiyana;
- maluwa
Kudziwa nokha ndi zikuluzikulu matenda a maluwa, kuphatikizapo powdery mildew.
Masamba
Masamba ochepa amamatiridwa ndi petiole (kawirikawiri 5-7, koma nthawi zina chiwerengero chawo chifika 15). Mtundu uliwonse uli ndi mawonekedwe osiyana, kukula ndi mawonekedwe a mapepala. Nthaŵi zambiri, mtundu wawo umakhala wobiriwira, wosawoneka wofiirira kapena wamkuwa. Mphepete mwatha mukhoza kukhala olimba komanso kukhala ndi cloves. Pamwamba pa pepala ikhoza kukhala mwamtheradi kuti ikhale yodetsedwa. 
Spikes
Mitengoyi imakhala ndi mphukira zomwe zimateteza. Iwo ndi aakulu kwambiri ndipo ndi ochepa kwambiri. Nthawi zina pali maluwa ophimba tsitsi.
Spikes pawokha akhoza kukhala ndi mawonekedwe osiyana:
- molunjika;
- chitsime;
- wagwetsedwa pansi;
- oblate
Mukudziwa? Ku Japan, anabweretsa maluwa osiyanasiyana "Chameleon": Masana, duwalo ndi lowala kwambiri, ndipo usiku limakhala loyera.
Mitengo
Maluwa a maluwa amenewa ali ndi mafuta ochuluka kwambiri, choncho amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzekera tiyi wapamwamba. Zowonjezera izi zimapangitsa fungo losangalatsa, komanso zimapatsa zakumwa zakumwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopindulitsa, zomwe zimapangidwa kwambiri. 
Maluwa
Maluwa ali pamwamba pa mphukira kapena kutalika kwake ndipo akhoza kukhala:
- osakwatiwa;
- ambiri-flowered;
- ochepa-akuyenda.
Werengani za mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maluwa: "Machimo Tomasi", "Pierre De Ronsard", "Sophia Loren", "Falstaff", "Pink Intuition", "Blue Perfume" ndi "William Shakespeare".Mtundu wa mtundu ungasinthenso:
- mtundu umodzi;
- awiri;
- zosakaniza
- zojambula;
- mitundu yambiri;
- zojambula
- phokoso;
- choyimira;
- choyimira chikho;
- chodutswa;
- pompon;
- mokhala;
- lalikulu;
- wosaphimbidwa;
- chombo;
- ndi zomasuka.
Imodzi mwa njira zazikulu pakusankhira maluwa awa ndikulitsa kukoma. Mafuta okhwima ndi osangalatsa ndi okongola kwa iwo omwe akufuna kudzala chomera m'nyumba kapena kuchipeza ngati mphatso. Kulikonse, rosi imagwiritsiridwa ntchito mu makampani opanga mafuta onunkhira ndi aromatherapy, chifukwa fungo lake limakhulupirira kuti limakhala ndi moyo wotonthoza komanso wotsekemera. Maluwa amakhala maluwa kapena magulu a ang'onoang'ono.Mukudziwa? Odzola mafuta ndi gawo limodzi la 98% la amayi ndi 48% ya mankhwala a mafuta onunkhira.
Zipatso
Mitundu yakutchire ndi munda wina mutatha maluwa uli ndi zipatso zazing'ono. Nthawi zina izi zimachitika pamene chitsamba sichinayambe. Izi zimapanga zokongoletsera zokongola kwambiri. Zipatso zokha zimabwera m'njira zosiyanasiyana:
- kuzungulira;
- chowulungika;
- mawonekedwe a botolo.
Rose classification: ndi maluwa otani
Kwa nthawi yayitali ya kukhalapo kwake, duwa lasintha kwambiri, ndipo panthawiyi mitundu yake yakhazikitsidwa. Zonsezi ndi zosiyana ndipo zimachokera kuzinthu zosiyanasiyana.
Paki ndi munda
Malo owonetsetsa ku Park amayesedwa kuti ndi imodzi mwa zinthu zomwe zimapindulitsa kwambiri m'munda, chifukwa ndi amene amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira kwambiri ndipo sangathe kufa m'nyengo yozizira ndi chisanu. Lili ndi zizindikiro zake:
- Nthaka nthawi zina zimafanana ndi maphwando a kuthengo ananyamuka okwera kufika mamita 2;
- Mitundu yambiri imasiyanitsa ndi zokoma za maluwa;
- ali ndi fungo lamtengo wapatali ndipo limakhala pachimake kwambiri mu nyengo yonse (kuyambira May);
- Zipatso si zokongoletsera zokha, komanso zimapindulitsa kwa anthu;
- khalani ndi zida zambiri zovuta.
Maluwa, omwe panopa amaganiziridwa kukhala paki, alidi mitundu yamaluwa akale.Zosavuta, zofiira, zochepa
Zosavuta (osati maluwa a terry) amamasula mwachidule ndipo kamodzi ndi nyengo. Koma pachimake palokha chimakhala chochuluka. Ali ndi zipatso zambiri zomwe zimapanga maonekedwe okongoletsera a chitsamba m'dzinja. Maluwa amenewa samalangizidwa kuti ayime pafupi ndi nyumba, malo otsetsereka kapena maulendo, popeza nthawi yonseyi muyenera kuyang'ana chitsamba chobiriwira. Maluwa a Terry ndi olemekezeka kwambiri. Oimirira a mtundu uwu amapezeka mu tiyi ya hybrid ndi mitundu yambiri ya maluwa. Kusiyanitsa kwa nthawi yaitali maluwa, pamene wochuluka kwambiri. Mizere iwiri ndi yosakaniza ndi ya terry. 
Makonda Amapanga
Pazaka za kubzala mbewu, zomera zasintha kwambiri, m'msika wamakono munthu sangapeze maluwa okhazikika, komanso amitundu yambiri. Nkhumba zimatha kukhala zofiira, zimakhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kumbali zonse, mitundu imatha kugwirizana bwino, kapena kuphatikizapo oposa awiri muphuphu limodzi. 
Munda, kudula, mphika
Maluwa a maluwa ndiwo mitundu yonse yomwe inamangidwa panthawi yosankha chomera ichi. Ili ndi gawo lalikulu kwambiri lomwe liri ndi zochitika zambiri. Iwo ali osiyanasiyana mu mtundu, kukula ndi kukoma. Mitundu ya mchenga imalengedwa makamaka ngati zomera zopangira bouquets. Zili zosiyana, zimakhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu ndi fungo labwino. 
Ambiri amakonda kukula maluwa oterewa, kuwagwiritsa ntchito pokongoletsa nyumba kapena mphatso. Maluwa mu miphika ndi njira yabwino kwa iwo omwe amayamikira kukongola kwa zomera. Ali ndi mitundu yambiri yosankha mtundu ndi mawonekedwe, ndipo kuthekera kwa nyengo yabwino kumapangitsa maluwa awo ataliatali (amayamba kufalikira kale, ndikumaliza patapita nthawi kuposa mapepala a zomera).
Malamulo oyambirira ndi mbali za chisamaliro cha rosa
N'zoona kuti kusamalira mbewu ngati imeneyi kuli ndi malamulo komanso zinsinsi zomwe zingathandize kuti pakhale maonekedwe abwino komanso moyo wautali maluwa osiyanasiyana.
Zonse zokhudza kukwera
Chinthu chofunika kwambiri kuti ukhale ndi moyo wabwino wa chomera ndicho chodzala choyenera.
Ndikofunikira! Gulani mbande zokhala ogulitsa odalirika okha. Chomeracho chiyenera kukhala chowoneka bwino, chopanda nkhungu, mawanga, zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka kapena kuyanika mphukira.
Kuti chilichonse chikhale bwino, muyenera kulingalira mfundo zingapo zomwe zimakhudza khalidwe la mtsogolo la chitsamba:
- Malo - malowa ayenera kusankhidwa kumwera, ndi kuchuluka kwa dzuwa, kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Chomeracho chimakonda malo okwezeka ndipo sichimakonda kuyandikana kwa madzi apansi.
- Kukonzekera kwa nthaka - ndikofunikira kukumba nthaka, kuwonjezera manyowa owonongeka (osatentha mwatsopano!), Phulusa ndi mandimu, ngati dothi liri losavuta.
- Kukonzekera kwa mbande - kuchepetsa chitsamba, kusiya masamba 4-6. Mu hybrid tea masamba awiri okha, pamene malo odyetserako magawo atatu a mphukira achotsedwa, ndipo mizu ili pafupi kufanana ndi gawo lina la chitsamba. Musanabzala, ndibwino kusunga chomera m'madzi tsiku limodzi, chifukwa sichidziwika kuti adakumba nthawi yaitali bwanji.
- Kufika kumapeto kwa mweziwu. Ndikofunika kukonzekera dzenje lakukwera masabata angapo kuti nthaka itheke. Kuthira kwake kuyenera kukhala 60-70 masentimita, pamene tchire amafunika malo okwanira kuti akule. Ngati nyengo ili mvula, mmerawo umatsikira mu dzenje ndikuphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi, ndipo umathirira kuchokera pamwamba. Ngati nyengo yowuma, ndiye kuti mmerawo uli ndi dziko lapansi lophatikiza ndi madzi. Choncho mizu imayamba bwino.
- Kubzala mu kugwa - ziyenera kupangidwa kumapeto kwa September. Nyengo ya m'dzinja siidabwino kubzala, chifukwa zimakhala zovuta kupeza mbande zapamwamba ndikusankha kutentha kwabwino kuti mubzalidwe pansi. Amachitidwa chimodzimodzi monga mvula. Ndikofunika kuika mzuzi 2-3 masentimita pansi. Choncho chomeracho chidzapulumuka nthawi yozizira. Kumapeto kwa kubzala ndikofunika kuti mumvetsetse bwino mbeu zatsopano.
Mmene mungasamalire maluwa
Kusamalira bwino ndi kwa nthawi yake ndikoyenera kubzala. Ndipotu, kuthamanga zomera sikungapereke mtundu wokongola komanso wochuluka, kapena amafa.
Pangani vinyo onunkhira kuchokera ku duwa, wouma, ndipo onani momwe maluwa alili othandizira kuti akhale ndi thanzi laumunthu.
Choncho, ndikofunika kutsatira malamulo ophweka pa chisamaliro:
- Chotsani chivundikiro ku zomera dzuwa litangotentha.
- Onetsetsani kuti nthambi zonse zakutchire zinali zolunjika, osati zowonongeka.
- Dulani mphukira zakuda (zakuda) zakufa. Mphukira yathanzi iyenera kukhala yobiriwira ndipo ikhale yoyera yoyera.
- Sungani chomera ndi mchere feteleza, phulusa kapena manyowa ovunda.
- Sungani kuwala kwa dzuwa nthawi yotentha. Pangani mthunzi kuzungulira kuthengo ndi zomera zina kapena kuzungulira.
- Imwani nyemba 1-2 pa sabata pa maluwa, kamodzi pa sabata nthawi yamasika ndi yophukira.
- Pakati pa nyengo yachisanu, onetsetsani kuti mutenge ndi kutseka tchire.
Ndikofunikira! Musalole kusungunuka kwa madzi ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Zikatero, mizu ya maluwa imayamba kuvunda ndipo mbewu imamwalira mwamsanga.Ngati mukufuna kupanga munda wapadera ndi maluwa okongola kwambiri, ndiye kuti maluwa ndiwo amodzimodzi, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maonekedwe ndi mitundu. N'zosadabwitsa kuti duwa limatchedwa mfumukazi ya maluwa!
