Pakati pa chitukuko cholimbika cha matekinoloje azaulimi, n'zosavuta kupeza peyala zosiyanasiyana zoyenera kuti zikhalepo. Pali mitundu yambiri ya mapeyala, kuchokera kusonkhanitsa kupita ku otchedwa "antchito". "Ntchito" mitundu ndi mapeyala omwe amayesa nthawi. Izi zimaphatikizapo peyala "tchalitchi", adapambana chikondi cha wamaluwa chifukwa cha kusamalidwa kwake komanso zotsatira zake zodziwika. Koma, nthawi zambiri zimachitika, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala, kuphatikizapo dipatimenti ya pepala, imakhala ndi matenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo.
Mame, momwe mungatetezere peyala ku white scurf
Imodzi mwa matenda owopsa kwambiri a mapeyala a paka ndi powdery mildew ya fungal. Matendawa sagwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mapeyala okha, komanso kwa zomera zina m'munda. Zikuwoneka ngati maluwa oyera kwambiri pa masamba ndi zipatso. Zizindikiro zoyambirira zimawonekera pamagulu aang'ono, makamaka pamwamba, ndiye mwamsanga kufalikira pamtengo. Fungus ili limakhudza kukula kwa masamba ndi mphukira zazing'ono. Ngati mutayambitsa matendawa, masambawo amakhala akuuma ndi kugwa.
Ndikofunikira! Mame a mvula amanyamulidwa ndi mphepo ndipo amatha kusamukira ku zomera zina mumunda wanu.
Nyengo yozizira imakhudza kuchuluka kwa chitukuko cha matendawa, chifukwa imachepetsa kukana kwa mbewu kumatenda osiyanasiyana ndi tizirombo. Bowawu amamatira masamba omwe akusowa chinyezi, mwamsanga kuwathetsa.
Pamene powdery mildew ikuwonekera, wamaluwa nthawi yomweyo amawombera mphukira zazing'ono ndi kuwotcha kuti bowa asafalikire ku zomera zina. Komanso, zomera zonse zimapangidwira kawiri pa nyengo kuti ziwoneke. Yoyamba kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ikuchitika kumayambiriro kasupe, pamene masamba akuyamba kuphulika.
Mukudziwa? Ziri zosavuta kuti azindikire matendawa m'mwezi wa April ndipo mwamsanga zimathetsa izo, mwinamwake chomera chidzafa mwa August.
Kupopera mbewu kachiwiri kumachitika patapita maluwa. Dzani mankhwala osakaniza Terramycin 100 ml, Streptomycin 250 ml, penicillin 100 ml - 1: 1. Komanso kumayambiriro kwa mapangidwe a bowa, kupopera soda phulusa ndi sopo zimathandiza (12 malita a madzi ndi 40 g sopo, 48 g soda).
Chifukwa chiyani mapeyala akuvunda, kapena momwe angagwirire ndi moniliasis
Ngati mlimiyo akuwona kuti ali ndi mapeyala mu sadupochka wake, ndiye kuti nthawi zambiri amatsutsa pa nyengo. Koma, mwinamwake, peyala anadwala moniliozom.
Moniliosis ndi matenda osasangalatsa komanso ochuluka. Nyengo iliyonse imakhudza zipatso zamasamba, ndipo peyala ya dipatimenti imakhala yosiyana. Chidule cha ntchito ya moniliosis imagwera pa nthawi ya kucha.
Matendawa amadziwika mwa mitundu iwiri: monilial kutentha ndi zipatso zowola. Zipatso zowola zipatso zimakhala zofulumira ndipo zimafalikira mwamsanga. Poyamba, amawoneka ngati kamtengo kakang'ono ka bulauni kamene kamangobisa mwanayo msanga masiku asanu ndi atatu. Pa malo ofutukuka, zida zofewa za mtundu wofiira zimapangidwa - izi spores wa bowa Monilia fructigena.
Mukudziwa? Bowa amafalikira pamtambo wambiri, ngati nyengo yowuma, sungachuluke.
Mtundu wachiwiri wa matendawa ndi monilial kutentha, umene uli kufalikira kumadera akummwera kwa Russia. Mmawonekedwe awa, maluwa okhudzidwa, zipatso za nthambi ndi peyala nthambi zimatembenuka kwambiri bulauni ndi youma. Nkhumba zimayamba kukula panthawi ya maluwa, pamene chinyezi chikukwera.
Ndikofunikira! Bowa limadutsa mu mabala ndi kuwonongeka kwa makoma a mwanayo. Mwachitsanzo, pamene akukotayidwa mapeyala, phula la sera likuchotsedwa ndipo chipolopolo choteteza chikuwonongeka.Pali njira zosiyanasiyana zochitira ndi bowa lamtundu uwu. Njira yothandiza kwambiri: Pa nyengo yokula ndi kugwa, nkofunika kuwononga zipatso zakugwa - magwero a moniliosis, komanso musaiwale za mapeyala ovunda atapachikidwa pamitengo.
Pofuna kupewa, wamaluwa amachiza zomera ndi fungicides. Kupopera mbewu kumayenera kuchitika nthawi yomwe wormshawk ikuwonekera, ndi kubwereza chithandizochi milungu iwiri iliyonse.
M'madera omwe muli malo apamwamba a ntchito zamakono, ntchito zambiri zikuchitika kuti awononge bowa wambiri. Kuchita izi, mu kugwa kumawotcha zipatso zakugwa zowonongeka ndi masamba otsala. Mitengo imathandizidwa ndi fungicides panthawi yopanga inflorescences ndipo mwamsanga mutatha maluwa.
Mukudziwa? Kumapeto kwa nyengo yozizira, munthu amatha kuyang'anitsitsa kutentha kwa monilial.
Nkhumba zakuda, momwe angatetezere peyala ku zipatso zakuda
Matenda ena a fungus omwe amakhudza dipatimenti ya peyala ndi bowa wakuda, kapena mafoni. Matendawa amakhudza makamaka achinyamata kapena ofooka.
Fungasiyi imayambitsa mapeyala a zomera, chifukwa masamba amayamba kufa. Ndipo mu nthawi yoyamba, mbewu yonse imaphedwa. Poona peyala yamaluwa, kuphimba masamba kapena zipatso, choyamba muyenera kuchepetsa kuthirira ndi kutsuka korona wa mtengo.Pamwamba pa chinyezi, mofulumira bowa limayamba ndipo mbewu imamwalira.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati chomeracho chili ndi mvula yambiri, ndiye kuti imakhala yotengeka ndi mafoni ena.
Pa zizindikiro zoyambirira za bowa wakuda, muyenera kukonza mtengo ndi fungicides. Maluwa omwe amapanga bowa ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi siponji yonyowa kapena osamba.
Pukuta pa masamba: choti uchite chiyani?
Causative wothandizira matendawa ndi bowa Gymnosporangium sabinae. Wothandizira - mkungudza, zomwe bowa iyi imapitirira.
Peyala ya pepala imakhala ndi kachilombo kumayambiriro, pamene spores ya kuphuka zipsa. Mpweya umapha osati masamba okha, komanso petioles, zipatso ndi mphukira.
Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda zikuwonekera mu July. Pa kumtunda kwa masamba anapanga reddish mawanga a osasintha mawonekedwe. Ngati nthawi sichichitapo kanthu kuchotsa bowayi, masamba ndi zipatso za peyala zidzafota ndi kugwa.
Mukawona kuti dzimbiri liwonekera pa masamba a peyala yanu, ndiye choyamba muyenera kuyimitsa kufalikira kwa bowa. Ngati masamba ndi mphukira zikuwoneka mawanga, ndiye kuti nthawi yomweyo muyenera kuzidula ndi kuziwotcha. Ngati chiwonongeko chaching'ono ndi chochepa, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyeretsa dothi lopopera ndi kuyeretsa yankho la vitriol ya buluu.
Komanso pofuna kuchiza mapeyala ndi kofunika kuti muzitha kuchiza fungicides, zomwe ziri ndi mkuwa ndi sulufule. Chithandizo choyamba chimachitika panthawi yomwe mikangano idakali pamtengo, ndipo yachiwiri - pambuyo pa maluwa a mapeyala, pamene mikangano ikufalikira.
Mukudziwa? Ngati mwatenga kale peyala ya peyala, nthendayi imatha kuuluka.
Aphid wobiriwira pa peyala, momwe mungachotsere tizilombo toopsya
Aphid wobiriwira ndi tizilombo towononga zomwe zimakhudza zomera zambiri. Nsabwe za m'masamba zimadula tsamba ndi timapepala, mphukira, kapena mphukira ya peyala ndikuyamwa kuyamwa kwa zomera. Chomeracho chimachepa ndipo chimakhala chophweka kwa mavairasi osiyanasiyana.
Mukudziwa? Pali mitundu ina ya nsabwe za m'masamba zomwe zimakhala pokha pa mizu ya zomera ndikuziwononga.
Palinso mitundu yophimba mapiko, amene amasuntha mphepo kufika pa 25 km, akuyika mazira kwa nyengo yotsatira.
Ndikofunikira!Mukawona kuti pali nyerere m'deralo, yang'anani munda wa nsabwe za m'masamba.
Kuwonongeka kwa nsabwe za aphid ndizokulu. Pafupifupi mbeu iliyonse m'munda wanu ikhoza kukhala chakudya cha tizilomboti.
Pofuna kupewa ndi kuthetsa nsabwe za m'masamba, poyamba Ndikofunika m'dzinja kudula ndikuwotcha nthambi zokhudzana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba ndi masamba a peyala.
Aphid imakonda zomera zazing'ono. Nyengo yozizira isanayambe, muyenera kufufuza bwinobwino zomera kuti zikhalepo mazira ndi kutsanulira madzi 70-80 madigiri. Izi zikhoza kuchitika masika, pereyala isanayambe kusamba masamba.
Chotsani nsabwe za m'masamba zidzakuthandizani kuwononga nyerere zomwe zimateteza nsabwe za m'masamba. Izi zikhoza kuchitidwa ndi madzi otentha, ndikutsanuliridwa muzitsamba. Kusamba madzi ndi feteleza sikungalole kuti kununkhiza kuyamwa madzi kuchokera ku chomera. Nthawi zonse amafunika kuyeretsa mtengo, kuyeretsa makungwa akale, exfoliated, momwe aphid imapezera chitetezo chachikulu.
Njira zothetsera peyala ya hawthorn
Gulugufe wokongola wa Hawthorn kamatuluka masana. Mapiko ake ali 70 mm, mapiko a mapiko ndi ofiira (akazi) ndi amdima (amuna).
Hawthorn ikuwonekera mu June ndipo ili ndi nthawi yayitali ya masabata awiri. Amadyetsa timadzi timadzi timene timamwa timadzi timene timapanga timadzi timene timapanga madzi. Mbozi imayamba mwa iwo masiku 15-16. Akuwombera, amayamba kudya zomera zonse.
Pafupifupi masabata atatu mbozi zimadya zipatso ndi zofewa achinyamata mphukira. Kenaka, pofika m'dzinja, pangani koka ndipo mumakhala masamba ouma. Pakati pa masika a Hawthorn ya mbozi, nthawi yoyamba yokonzekera imayamba. Amadya masamba otupa, kenaka masamba ndi masamba. Mbozi wamkulu amadya tsamba lonse, kusiya mafupa ake okha.
Amathera nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito zakudya pambuyo pa maluwa a mapeyala ndi maapulo. Kenaka amamangirira kumtunda, kutembenukira ku ziphuphu. Pambuyo pa masabata awiri, gulugufe limakhala likukonzekera kubereka.
Zigulugufefefe ndizosowa, ndipo kawirikawiri zimadalira nyengo zomwe zisanachitike. Pofuna kulimbana nawo, nkofunika kuwononga mazira, kusonkhanitsa ndi kuwotchera zisakiti, kukopa mbalame zomwe zimadyetsa tizilombo. Ngati muwona kuti pali zisa zoposa 4 pa mtengo umodzi, ndikofunikira kuyamba kuyamba ndi mankhwala ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tingatengere ndi tincture wa chowawa: 750 g ya chomera chouma imathire madzi ndikuumiriza masiku awiri, ndiye wiritsani mphindi 25 pamoto wowonjezereka ndikuonjezera mulingo kufika pa malita 10. Panthawiyi, kukonzekera kumeneku kungapangidwire zomera kasanu ndi kamodzi masiku asanu ndi awiri.
Chifukwa chiyani mapeyala amawoneka pa peyala, ndi momwe angamenyane nawo
Kawirikawiri maonekedwe a sucker pa peyala ndi zotsatira za kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngati nyengo yozizira imakhala yotentha ndi yozizira, ndiye yang'anani pussycatcher pa mapeyala.
Medianitsa, yomwe imatuluka pa peyala, imasiyana ndi apulo imodzi yomwe imakhala yamdima ndipo imakhala ndi mikwingwirima yachikasu kumbuyo. Kawirikawiri nyengo ya chisanu pansi pa miyeso yakale ya makungwa a mtengo, pansi pa masamba ogwa.
M'chaka, patatha ntchafu, sucker ili pazitsamba zazing'ono. Iwo ali owala achikasu, amavutika kuona. Gologolo aliyense amatha kuika mazira 300. Kuchokera pa dzira lililonse, mphutsi za brownish zimatuluka, zomwe zimakhazikika pa masamba aang'ono, pedicels, akuwombera ndi kuyamwa madzi kuchokera ku peyala.M'nyengo ya chilimwe, munthu wokhomerera akhoza kukhala ndi mazira atatu. Chifukwa cha kuwononga kwabwino chipatsocho chimakula molakwika, masamba amauma ndi kugwa, mphukira imauma.
Medianitsa ali ndi dzina limeneli chifukwa mphutsi zake zimatulutsa mame, omwe nthawi zina amatha kuchoka pamtengo.
Pofuna kumenyana ndi wokondedwa, muyenera kuyeretsa makungwa a mitengo mu kugwa ndikuwotchera, kuwononga masamba omwe agwa, kuyeretsa gawo pafupi ndi mitengo yosiyana siyana. Pamaso pa mapeyala, mphutsi zomwe zimadzuka pambuyo pa hibernation ziyenera kutsukidwa ndi 0.2%. Karbofos kapena yankho la 0.3% Chlorofos.
"Kukolola mdani": momwe mungatetezere peyala ku weevil
Mlimi aliyense amadziwa bwino tizilombo ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ichi ndi kachilombo kakang'ono (mpaka 4.5 mm), pa mapiko omwe ali ndi mikwingwirima yopingasa. Chikumbuchi chimanyamula nyengo yozizira m'makungwa, pansi, pansi pa masamba omwe agwa, m'malo osungika kwambiri.
Pamene nsagwada imabwera pakasupe, weevil imakwera mtengo. Amadya impso ndikupanga mabowo ang'onoang'ono. Pamene masamba ayamba kuwonekera, tizilombo ta tikazi timayika mazira mwa iwo, mkazi mmodzi amapanga mazira 100.
Mphutsi yomwe imatulukira mazirawa, imadya mkati mwa duwa, imagumula masamba ake pamodzi ndi chimbudzi chake, kuchititsa kuti ziwalozo ziume.
Pambuyo pa maluwa a mapeyala, mbadwo watsopano wa zowombera ziwonekera. Amayamba kudya masamba a peyala, kukonzekera nyengo yozizira.
Kupopera mankhwala mobwerezabwereza kumalimbikitsidwa polimbana ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa. Metaphos, Karbofos, Vafatoksom ndi ena Nthawi yabwino yothandizira ndi njirazi ndi nthawi ya mapangidwe a mapeyala. Ngati mupeza izi mbozi muzu, ndiye mutatha kukolola mungathe kuchiritsidwa.
Mukhozanso kugwedeza mabakiteriya pa zinyalala ndikuwatsanulira ndi mafuta.
Ndikofunikira! Kugwidwa ndi mbozi kumakhala bwino kutentha kosapitirira madigiri khumi, chifukwa nyengo ya kutentha idzauluka padera.
Chotsani peyala kuchokera ku weevils, mukufunikira kukumba nthaka pansi pa mitengo, kuwononga zipatso ndi masamba. Mungathe Gwiritsani ntchito zikhomo pamtengo wa peyala.
Mndandanda wa zomwe zingawononge deta ya deta ndi zazikulu. Koma mwa chisamaliro ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mukhoza kuteteza munda wanu wa zipatso ku tizirombo ndi matenda osiyanasiyana. Chinthu chachikulu ndicho nthawi nthawi yowonjezera kuopseza mtundu umenewu.
