Nematodes ndi amodzi mwa tizirombo tambiri komanso owopsa. Sikuti amatsogolera ku matenda, imfa ya zomera, komanso amatha kuvulaza thanzi la anthu, nyama. M'nkhaniyi tiona mitundu ya nematodes ndi zomwe ziri, komanso kupereka malangizo ofunika momwe mungamenyane ndi nematode m'munda.
Kodi nematode imawoneka bwanji?
Choyamba, ganizirani za ma nematodes ndi zomwe nematode zikuwoneka. Pafupifupi, pali mitundu makumi atatu ya tizirombozi. Zina mwa izo ndi parasitic pa zomera, zina zimakhudza zamoyo za nyama, pali ena omwe ali oopsa kwa anthu. M'nkhani ino tidzakambirana za mbewu zathamanga nematodes. Amadyetsa zomera zowonongeka, potsirizira pake zimatsogolera ku kuchepa kwa ntchito zawo zofunika ndi imfa.
Izi ndi nyongolotsi zazing'ono zomwe zimakhala kukula kuchokera 1 mpaka 2 mm. Anthu amphongo amakhala aang'ono kuposa akazi. Maonekedwewo angakhale ozungulira, oval, filiform. Pamapeto a torso pang'ono yopapatiza. Tizilombo toyambitsa matendawa amatchedwanso nsomba zam'madzi, chifukwa m'magawo a thupi mawonekedwe a thupi lawo amafanana ndi bwalo. 
Nematodes ndi oyera kapena beige. Chidutswa cha kapangidwe ka nematodes ndi kakulidwe kamene kamene kali ndi thumba. Thupi limadzazidwa ndi khungu lolimba, lomwe limatha kumveka kapena losalala, lokhala ndi epithelium kuchokera pamwamba. Pansi pa khungu ndi mitsempha ya kotenga nthawi. Mafinya ali ndi mutu waung'ono ndi milomo yosuntha. Pali phokoso, lomwe limagwira ntchito ngati ziwalo zogwira, ndi maso ochepa.
Mazira a Nematode ndi ozungulira kapena ovalo. Mtundu ndi woyera. Mphutsi imakhala mkati mwao, zoyera ndi mbali yowonekera ya thupi.
Mukudziwa? Nematodes ali ndi ziwalo zomveka bwino, makamaka mphamvu ya fungo. Kuonjezera apo, iwo amazindikira dzuwa ndipo nthawi zonse amayesa kusunga mitu yawo motsatira kuwala kwake. Mvula yambiri ndi yabwino koposa kubwezeretsanso kwa nematodes.
Mitundu ya Nematode yofotokozera
Pali mitundu itatu ya zomera nematodes:
- masamba;
- tsinde;
- mizu.
Mapepala (sitiroberi) nematode
Leaf nematode ili ndi mawonekedwe a thupi. M'kupita kwa nthawi, nyongolotsi zimatha kufika 1 mm. Khalani ndi mtundu wa beige. Zili pamapazi momwe zimadutsa kupweteka kwa tsamba la masamba kapena pores m'magulu awo.
Zizindikilo za zowonongeka ndi zomera ndi:
- maonekedwe a bulauni pa masamba a mawonekedwe osasintha;
- masamba otupitsa, amafooka, ataya mtundu wawo;
- makapu akuphulika;
- kukula kwa zomera kumachepetsa;
- Mphukira imakhudzidwa ndi mawanga ofiira;
- mbale yofiira;
- zokolola zachepa kwambiri:
- Mawanga oundana amapangidwa m'munsi mwa masamba, omwe pamapeto pake amakhala ndi mdima wofiira.
Ndikofunikira! Nkhono za ma Leaf zimaphedwa. Komabe, ngati ali pamasamba akugwa, pitirizani kuwononga, kubzala, ndi kukwera ku zomera zina. Choncho, pofuna kupewa ndi kuteteza, m'pofunikira kuchotsa masamba osagwa pa tsamba.Ambiri omwe amayamba kutengeka ndi majeremusi ndi zomera monga:
- strawberries;
- chrysanthemum;
- nephrolepis;
- chithunzithunzi;
- aster;
- dahlia;
- orchid;
- chisawawa.
Tsinde Nematode
Matimati wa timatengo timakhala ndi mawonekedwe a thupi, kufika kutalika kwa 1 mm. Parasitic pa zimayambira, masamba, maluwa a zomera. Wopweteka amadutsa mumtunda wa zomera. Kuwonongeka kwa chikhalidwe ndi stemworms kumawonetsedwa ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi:
- Mphukira imasiya kukula;
- zimayambira, zimataya mtundu;
- masamba amatembenuka, akuwuma;
- M'kupita kwa nthawi, chomeracho chimauma ndi kufa.
Ngakhale kuti tizilombo timakonda chinyezi, mphutsi zingathe kukhalabe zofunika, ngakhale kukhala nthawi yayitali pa masamba owuma ndi mamba a zomera. Kufalikira ndi kachilombo mavuvu, mababu, tubers, cuttings, mochulukira kawirikawiri kudzera m'mbewu kapena nthaka yoipitsidwa.Zomera monga parsley, anyezi, adyo, tomato, radishes, ndi nkhaka zimayambitsa matendawa.
Mukudziwa? Nthawi yayitali ya mphutsi imatha kufika zaka ziwiri.
Muzu (gallic) nematode
Muzu nematode ndi waukulu kwambiri ndipo umatha kutalika kwa 2 mm. Kuchokera ku mitundu yapitayi imasiyananso chifukwa imakhudza dongosolo lamanjenje la zomera. Amatulutsa zomera pang'onopang'ono, kupanga zizindikiro pa iwo - galls.
Mbewu zakhudzidwa ndi nthaka nematode pang'onopang'ono kuuma, kufooketsa, ndi kusiya kukula. Mabala a masamba. Mizu ili pansi pa Gauls, sichikulirakulira ndi kufa. Pa nthawi yomweyo, muzu wa ndevu (mizu yoonda ngati ulusi) imayamba kukula mochuluka. Mizu imeneyi sichikuthandizira kukula kwa chikhalidwe, koma kuchotsa zakudyazo kuchokera kwa iwo.
Ndikofunikira! Nkofunika kusiyanitsa pakati pa nematode galls ndi thickenings pamtunda wa zomera zina, zomwe zimakhala ndi madzi. Zotsirizirazo zimakhala zoyera, pamene galls ndi achikasu kapena bulauni.Gall nematodes imafalikira ndi nthaka yowonongeka, zatsalira za mizu, mbewu, mababu, zipangizo, kuchokera ku zomera zapafupi. Chrysanthemums, zomera za mphira, dracaena, begonias, maluwa, aloe amapezeka kwambiri ndi tizirombozi.
Chowopsya ndi momwe angapezere ndi nematode m'munda
Nematodes ndi owopsa kwambiri tizirombo, amachulukira mofulumira pa zomera ndikuwapangitsa kufa. Mafinya, kulowa m'matumbo a zomera, kudyetsa madzi awo ndi kutenga zakudya zonse. Kuonjezerapo, pakuchita ntchito yofunikira, nematodes imatulutsa toxic zinthu zomwe zimayambitsa mbewu ndi kutsogolera kwambiri thickening awo zimayambira ndi petioles. Mitengo yosautsidwa ndi maatodes imataya mtundu wawo, amawoneka ouma ndi otopa, opunduka, ndipo zokolola zawo zachepa kwambiri.
Zimakhala zovuta kuzindikira maatodes chifukwa ndizochepa. Mankhwalawa amatha kuoneka pofufuza masamba, masamba ndi zimayambira pogwiritsa ntchito galasi lokulitsa. Mavitamini a mizu angapezeke mwa kukumba chomera. Amatsanzira kupangidwa kwa zisindikizo zakuda pa mizu. Kuonjezerapo, pamene chomeracho chichotsedwa panthaka, zidutswa zazing'ono zadothi zidzagwa kuchokera ku mizu. Ngati mutenga mtanda wotere ndikuwatsanulira ndi madzi otentha, mphutsi zidzathamanga.
Ndikofunikira! Nematodes ikhoza kuyambitsa chisokonezo ndi kusokonezeka kwa khungu, kotero ntchito ndi chomeracho chiyenera kuchitidwa ndi magolovesi.
Mmene mungamenyere ndi nematode
Nematodes ndizovuta kwambiri kumenyana. Ngati chomeracho chikukhudzidwa kwambiri, ndi bwino kuchiponyera kuti tizirombo tisasunthe chikhalidwe china. Ziphuphu zingathe kulamulidwa ndi njira zotsatirazi:
- mankhwala;
- zamoyo;
- chithandizo cha kutentha.
- "Dimethoat";
- "Bi-58";
- Rogor;
- "Vidat";
- Nemafos.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi abwino chifukwa sali poizoni kwa zomera ndi anthu, musabweretse mavuto. Zomwe zimagwira ntchito ndizochilengedwe. Chinthu chimodzi chokonzekera bwino kwambiri cha chilengedwe ndi Nematophagin. Zokonzekera zonse ziyenera kuchepetsedwa, kutsatira malangizowo, kuti zisamawononge zomera komanso kuti zisamawotche.
Ngati mukufuna njira zambiri zothetsera mavitamini m'nthaka, muyenera kuyesa chithandizo cha kutentha kwa mizu. Kuti tichite zimenezi, chomera chiyenera kuchotsedwa panthaka. Mizu, yomwe inapanga ma Gauls, imatha kudula mosamala. Komabe, ngati pali mizu yambiri, yokhayo yowonongeka ndiyoyenera kuchotsedwa. Ngati mutachotsa mizu yambiri, chomeracho sichitha kukhala ndi moyo. Kenaka rhizome iyenera kuchepetsedwa kwa mphindi zisanu m'madzi ndi kutentha kwa madigiri 50 °. Ngati kutentha kumakhala kuchokera madigiri 45 mpaka 50 - nthawi yoti "kusamba" iyenera kupitilira kwa mphindi 10-15.
Pambuyo pa chithandizo cha madzi zomera zimayenera kubzalidwa m'dziko latsopano. Pa nthawi yomweyi, tikulimbikitsanso kuwonjezera mankhwala osakaniza masamu kunthaka. Nthaka iyenera kukhala yotayirira, kotero kuti imalowetsedwa bwino ndi mlengalenga osati madzi osasunthika. Pachifukwachi, nthaka ikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi mchenga kapena peat. Chithandizo cha kutentha ndi choyenera kulamulira tsamba ndikuyamba nematode. Masamba omwe ali ndi kachilomboka amachotsedwa, zomera zimatulutsidwa ndi madzi otentha ndikuziika mu gawo latsopano.
Mukudziwa? Nematodes musalole kutentha pamwamba madigiri 40. Mphutsizo zimagonjetsedwa ndipo zimafa pokhapokha kutentha kwa madigiri 50-55.
Mmene mungachotsedwe ndi nematodes: kupewa
Popeza kuchotsa ma-nematodes n'kovuta, ndibwino kusamalira njira zothandizira. Ntchito izi zikuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:
- kuchotseratu kwadongosolo malo kuchokera kumsongole;
- kuyeretsa masamba akugwa;
- Nthawi zina kuchotsa masamba a chikasu pa zomera;
- Kusintha kwa chikhalidwe nthawi zonse m'madera, ndikuwona malamulo ozungulirana a zikhalidwe;
- nthaka nthawi zonse imamasula;
- palibe madzi;
- kukumba nthaka mu kugwa;
- Gwiritsani ntchito zowonongeka zokhazokha.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati zomera zinakhudzidwa kwambiri ndipo munazichotsa, muyenera kutentha zonse. Apo ayi, tizilombo tomwe timapita kumalo ena.Tsopano mukudziwa zomwe zimatchedwa nematodes, ndipo izi zidzakuthandizani kusamalira munda, munda ndi zinyumba. Tizilombo timakula mofulumira, ndipo izi zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ife. Ngati nematodes sinazindikiridwe nthawi - zomera sizinapulumutse.
