Kukula letesi (letesi) mumitundu yosiyanasiyana

Kulima kwa letesi ndi anthu kunayamba m'zaka za zana la XVIII. A French anali oyamba kugwiritsa ntchito kuphika. Udzuwu samangopatsa mbale zakudya zowonjezera, komanso umathandizira pazinthu zosiyanasiyana:

kulimbana magazi leukemia;
kumawonjezera kukana khansa ya m'mawere;
imaletsa kufa kwa maselo aubongo, chifukwa chake salola kukula kwa matenda a Alzheimer's;
amachepetsa cholesterol yoyipa;
Imakhala ndi bactericidal komanso antifungal.

Letesi imakhudza khungu pakhungu, imasintha khungu, imathandizira kusinthika kwa maselo. Kukhetsa zitsamba kumalimbitsa tsitsi. Amakula bwino, osagwa, amalakalaka. Udzu wofunikawu utha kubzala m'munda wanu kapena pawindo.

Mitundu yabwino kwambiri ya masamba letesi

Mitundu 4 yokha ya letesi yomwe imalimidwa, yomwe imakhala ndi mitundu yambiri:

Mutu	Kufotokozera	Mitundu yotchuka	Masamba / Kulemera (g)
Mapepala	Mapuletiwo ndiakulu, olimba, otayika kapena ofanana ndi thundu.	Kritset - amasunga msanga, amalolera kutentha bwino.	Mtundu wobiriwira ndi utoto wagolide. 250.
		Emerald - ndi wa mtundu wamkati mwatchire. Rhizome sakhala zaka yayitali.	Obovate, wowoneka bwino. 60.
		Ballet - m'nyengo yozizira iwo amabzala mu wowonjezera kutentha kapena kunyumba, chilimwe - poyera. Imasunga mivi, kuthana ndi kusowa kwa kuwala.	Chachikulu, chamdima chakuda, chowoneka-chokhala ndi makani amaso, crispy. 300-600.
		Kusangalatsa ndi mtundu wamkati wamwaka womwe sukutitsa matenda.	Ofiira, akulu, opaka mafuta. 200.
		Sangweji - zimacha mwachangu. Zabwino masangweji.	Khirisitu mkamwa, kuwala malachite. 180.
		Wobiriwira wa ku Moscow - wamtendere, wa kubzala kunyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Masamba mu miyezi 1-1.5. Masamba amasungidwa nthawi yayitali, osapsa mtima.	Utoto waukulu, wokoma, wamafuta, komanso wobiriwira. 100-200.
Atakulungidwa	Ndizofanana ndi zam'mbuyomu, koma masamba ake amapangika bwino, masamba ang'onoang'ono a kabichi.	Odessa kucheryavets - salola owombera.	Pulogalamu yotulutsa ikapangidwa. Zabwino, zonyoza, zomata zamtchire zokhala ndi mabwalo omata, okhala ndi mafani. 200.
		Eurydice ndi nyengo yapakatikati, chokoma.	Chachikulu, chamdima chakuda, chopanda pake, chazungulira mzere wozungulira. 300.
		Chikondwerero - kukula mkati mwa miyezi 2,5.	Waphikidwe, wobiriwira wopepuka. 150.
		Berlin chikasu ndi mtundu wa nyengo yapakatikati.	Chikasu, pangani kolona yozungulira. 200.
		Kucheryavets Gribovsky - kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda.	Malachite okwera, otenthedwa ndi mafunde ang'onoang'ono m'mphepete. 250-470.
Mutu	Masamba amatengedwa mu rosettes, ofanana ndi mutu wakuda wa kabichi. Masamba ndi owuma kwambiri. Onani zodziwika ku California zaka 20. XX century.	Iceberg ndi mtundu wololera wabwino kwambiri womwe mulibe vuto kwa owombera.	Khalani atsopano kwa nthawi yayitali. Bubble, wavy kuzungulira kuzungulira. 300-600.
		Mapiri Akuluakulu - samatha dzuwa. Zikupezeka m'masiku 85.	Wobiriwira wakuda, wofanana ndi thundu. 500.
		Chokopa ndichapakatikati, ndikutulutsa kokwanira.	Chachikulu, chobiriwira chobiriwira, cham'mphepete m'mphepete, makulidwe atatu, mafuta. 230-260.
		Nyengo zinayi - wamkulu m'munda kapena kunyumba.	Thonje lakunja, ndimu.
		Kapangidwe - pakati mochedwa, sikupereka mivi yamaluwa.	Malachite hue. Bubble, wavy, wokhala ndi zazing'ono zazing'ono pamwamba. 500-650.
Chiroma (romaine)	Mutu wokhazikika wa kabichi wofanana ndi kabichi waku China. Rhizome ndi ndodo yomwe imakhala ndi njira zambiri. Masamba akunja ndi obiriwira, amkati ndi achikasu.	Kubiriwira kwa Parisi ndi nyengo yapakati, kumalekerera kutentha ndi kuzizira.	Malachite amdima akhungu loyera, okoma. 200-300.
		Nthano - kugonjetsedwa ndi peronosporosis, kutentha kwapachigawo, mivi.	Kupusa pang'ono. 400.
		Remus ndi mitundu yakucha-yakucha.	Mphepete, zamtundu wakuda, zonyezimira, zonyozeka. 430.
		Balloon - mpaka 25 cm.	Mtundu wobiriwira. 300-350.
		Roman - nyengo yapakatikati, sagonjera bacteriosis ndi septoria.	Wokongola obovate. Kuzungulira mzere pang'ono wopindika, wopindika. 290-350.

Kukula letesi kudzera mbande

Njirayi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kumpoto kwa Russia kupeza mbewu nthawi yozizira komanso kumapeto kwa mvula. Kubzala kuyenera kuchitidwa masiku 30-35 musanabzalire m'mundawo.

Pobzala, ndibwino kugula mbewu m'njira yama granes. Ndi abwino kubzala, ali ndi zochulukitsa zochuluka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mbewu zodzala mwachizolowezi, ziyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi mchenga kuti zitheke.

Kubzala pang'onopang'ono:

Konzani mabokosi, zotengera, kapena mapiritsi a peat.
Thirani mchenga, peat, humus (1: 1: 2) kapena wogula gawo lapansi mumchombo.
Ikani mbewuzo m'thumba la gauze ndikuviika mu potaziyamu permanganate kwa maola angapo.
Fesani mbewu panthaka popanda kumera.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mabokosi kapena zidebe, kufesa kuyenera kuchitidwa m'nkhokwe ndi kuya kwa 1 cm, mtunda wa masentimita 5 (ngati kusankha kudzapangidwa pambuyo pake) kapena 10 cm (popanda kumuyika).
Thirani ndi kuphimba ndi zojambulazo.
Ikani pamalo owala pamoto wa + 18 ... +21 ºC.
Mukakuluma mphukira (kwa masiku 3-4), tsitsani kutentha kukhala + 15 ... +18 ºC kuti tchire lisatambasuke.
Ngati ndi kotheka, kuyenda pansi pamadzi pambuyo popanga masamba awiri owona.
Dera lotseguka pambuyo pa kuwonekera kwa 3-4 cotyledon primordia. Izi zisanachitike, mbewuzo zimayenera kulimbitsidwa: masabata awiri zisanachitike kumuika, zimatenga tsiku ndi tsiku kupita mumsewu, kuyambira mphindi 10, pang'onopang'ono kuwonjezera nthawi.

Kukula letesi kunyumba

Lettuce wamkati wakula chaka chonse:

Thirani gawo lapansi lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mbande mumiphika ndi 1-2 l. Mukhozanso kusakaniza vermicompost ndi coconut fiber (1: 2).
Gawani mbeu yothira potaziyamu permanganate pamtunda wonyowa, ndikukula ndi 5-10 mm.
Madzi bwino, kuphimba ndi polyethylene ndikuyika chipinda chamdima.
Mutatha kuluma mbande (atatha masiku 3-5), chotsani pogona, ikani poto pamalo owala. Ngati kulima kumachitika nthawi yachisanu, kuunikira kowonjezera ndi phytolamp ndikofunikira.
Saladiyo ndi wokonzeka kudya pomwe masamba 5-20 atakhazikitsidwa.

Zosamalidwa:

Choyimira	Kufotokozera
Njira yotentha	Mulingo woyenera - + 16 ... +20 ° С. Pa loggia, letesi imakula pa + 6 ... +7 ° С.
Kuthirira / kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa	Kamodzi tsiku lililonse 2-3. Onetsetsani kuti dothi lakumtunda silikhala ndi nthawi youma, makamaka nyengo yotentha. Izi ndizovunda ndikuwoneka ngati mivi yamaluwa, yomwe imapatsa masamba masamba. Patulani tsiku ndi tsiku kuchokera kumfuti yothira ndi madzi ofunda, okhala pansi.
Mavalidwe apamwamba	Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wamafuta sabata iliyonse. Komabe, letesi imatha kudziunjikira nitrate, chifukwa chake muyenera kuyang'anira kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni yomwe imayambitsidwa. Mutha kudyetsa ndi organic.

Kukula letesi poyera

Letesi silikula bwino mumthunzi, muyenera kuwabzala m'malo otentha. Komabe, ma ray a mwachindunji a ultraviolet amatha kuyimitsa chitukuko cha tchire, chifukwa chake amayenera kuyatsidwa ndi mbewu zina.
Mbewu zimere pamtunda wa +5 ºC. Ndi mpweya wotentha (kuchokera +20 ºC) umamera bwino.

Zofunikira zadothi

Koposa zonse, letesi imamera panthaka yopanda thanzi, yokhala ndi michere yambiri komanso yofunikira. Zofunikira za chinyezi: zosatenga mbali kapena pang'ono zamchere, ndi chizindikiro cha 6 mpaka 7.2 pH.
Letesi itha kubzalidwe pamchenga, loamy, carbonate nthaka. Komanso pamtunda wakuda. Udzu sudzakula kokha acidic, saline, dongo lolemera.

Dothi lodzala liyenera kukonzedwa pasadakhale (m'dzinja). Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mabedi momwe feteleza adathiramo. Ayenera kukumbidwa ndikuyambitsa manyowa kapena kompositi (7-10 kg pa 1 sq. M). Chokani momwe ziliri mpaka kumapeto.

Tekinolo yodzala letesi pansi

Mitundu yakucha yofesedwa kuyambira mwezi wa Epulo mpaka Meyi, yakucha ndi mochedwa - kuyambira pakati pa kasupe mpaka zaka khumi za Juni. Kuti mukolole mbewu yatsopano m'chilimwe chonse, letesi ingabzalidwe kangapo masiku asanu ndi awiri mpaka pa 20 Ogasiti.

Kufika pang'onopang'ono:

Kumasulira nthaka ndikuyambitsa 1 tbsp. l superphosphate, 1 tsp potaziyamu sulfate, 1-2 tbsp. l Matondo (pa 1 sq.m.).
Jambulani mizere ya 5-10 mm mu dothi lonyowa, ndikuwona mtunda wa 15-20 cm.
Sakanizani njere ndi mchenga (1: 1/2) ndikugona mtulo.
Pambuyo pa kuwombera kwakukulu kwa mbande zamabedi, kuonda kotero kuti pakati pa tchirepo pali masentimita 6-8 (tsamba), 10-15 cm (mutu). Kuchepetsa ndikofunikira mu magawo awiri.

Mukabzala mbande m'mundamo, muyenera kugwiritsa ntchito njira 25 * 25 yazomera zazipatso zoyambirira, 35 * 35 pamalonda akulu. Kubzala mu dothi lonyowa.

Ma boti amafunika kuti azinyowa masiku 7 aliwonse dzuwa litalowa kapena dzuwa litalowa. Kutentha kwambiri ndibwino kuzichita usiku. Mitundu yamasamba, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira yowaza, komanso mitundu ya kabichi, kuthilira m'mizere. Letesi ikayamba kupanga ma rosette, kuthirira pang'ono kumafunikira kuti muchepetse kuvunda.

Mukadzafesa mu gawo lamafuta m'kudyetsa sikofunikira. Dothi likakhala losauka, kugwiritsa ntchito michere imodzi kapena michere chofunikira ndikofunika mutabzala. Letesi imatha kucha nthawi yayitali, motero imafunikira kudyetsedwa kawiri ndi masabata awiri.

Kukula letesi mu wowonjezera kutentha

Letesi imagwirizana ndi kuzizira kofatsa (mpaka 2 ºC), mwanjira zobiriwira ikhoza kubzalidwe kumayambiriro kwamasika. Ngati pali Kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha, ndiye kuti saladiyo imakhwima nthawi yozizira.

Dziko lapansi liyenera kukonzedwa mu kugwa:

Onjezani zinthu zakuthambo (izi zipanga acidity yofunikira m'nthaka).
Ngati gawo lapansi lili acidic kuwonjezera mandimu.
Dyetsani nthaka ndi sodium chloride (15 g pa mita imodzi).
Kumbani malowo, mulingo ndi kusiya musanabzale.

Bzalani letesi pamene kutentha mu wowonjezera kutentha kumasiya kugwa pansi pa zero ngakhale usiku:

Masula pansi, kukumba maenje, ndikubweza mtunda wa 10 cm.
Sakanizani njere ndi mchenga ndikutseka m'mphepete.
Ngati chisanu chibwerera mosayembekezereka, mulch tchire ndi humus yaying'ono.

Zofunikira pakukonzanso:

Chikhazikitso	Malangizo
Kuthirira	Kuchulukitsa, 1-2 kawiri pa sabata. Gwiritsani ntchito madzi ozizira. Pewani izi pa masamba.
Mavalidwe apamwamba	Yambitsani chisakanizo cha ammonium nitrate ndi potaziyamu chloride kawiri pa nthawi ya kukula.
Kumasuka	Pangani pafupipafupi pakati pa mizere kuti mupewe kusunga chinyezi, zomwe zimatsogolera pakupanga matenda a fungus.
Kupalira	Phatikizani ndi kumasula.

Ndi chisamaliro choyenera, mbewuyo imatha kukolola pambuyo pa masabata anayi.

Kukula letesi hydroponically

Njirayi imaphatikizapo kukulira m'malo opanga popanda dothi. Zomera zimalandira zinthu zonse zofunikira kuchokera ku njira yofunikira ya michere yozungulira chizungulire. Nthawi yomweyo, chikhalidwe sichimataya kukoma kwawo. Hydroponics nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito ku bizinesi pomwe letesi imakulitsidwa kuti igulitsidwe.

Tizirombo ndi matenda a letesi

Letesi imatha kutenga matenda ambiri ndi tizirombo. Zimakhala zovuta kulimbana nazo, chifukwa mmera samangolowa ma nitrate okha, komanso fungicides. Chifukwa chake, mankhwala oopsa sangathe kugwiritsidwa ntchito.

Matenda / tizilombo	Kufotokozera	Njira zodzitetezera
Gray zowola	Malo amdima a necrotic pamasamba ndi tsinde. Dzuka kuchokera pansi kupita pamwamba.	kutsatira kasinthasintha wa mbeu; kukonza ukhondo m'deralo: kuwononga kwakanthaŵi kwa mbali zakhudzidwa, kuyeretsa masamba okugwa; kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni yomwe idayambitsidwa.
Zola zowola	Kapangidwe ka mawanga oyera; zokutira zoyipa za mycelium yoyera chipale.
Kutentha kwachigawo	Tchire limawola ndi kufa.
Peronosporosis	chikasu, khungu, kapena malo owoneka omwe amatembenukira bulauni pakapita nthawi; cholembera cha ngale kuchokera kudera lamunsi la mbale; kuyanika amadyera.	kusinthana kwa mbewu m'munda; Kusankhidwa kwa mbewu yotsimikiziridwa; kuyimitsa koyamba kwa mbewu mu TMTD 80% (ngati akuganizira kuti siyabwino); kutsatira njira zofikira (musafukufukutse).
Powdery mildew	zolembera zoyera, zofanana ndi ufa pazinthu zam'mlengalenga; Kugawa madontho omata onga mame ochokera kumayendedwe a lesion; kutsika pang'onopang'ono mu kukula kapena kufalikira kwathunthu kwa kukula.	kasinthasintha wa mbeu; kuwonongeka kwakanthawi kwamankhwala okhudzidwa; kuyeretsa malowo kuyambira masamba akale.
Ntchentche zobiriwira zowala	Kukula 7-8 mm. Akazi ndi amachimaso amaso amaso otuwa. Amphongo okhala ndi velvety wakuda kumbuyo. Tizilombo timayikira mazira mu inflorescence, mphutsi zimadya mbewu. Malo ogulitsidwako amakhudzidwa ndi khungu musatseguke.	kudula ndi kuwononga malo odwala; ngati mukuganiza kuti ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya tizilombo, chitani tchire ndi Fosfamide malinga ndi malangizo.
Tsinde saladi aphid	Anthu opanda ndege amafika 1-2,5 mm. Mapiko - 2 mm. Awa ndimtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamtundu wamdima komanso wakuda, woyamwa madzi kuchokera ku zimayambira, masamba, inflorescence. Pali kuwonongeka kwa madera omwe akhudzidwa, kuphwanya kwa photosynthesis. Mtundu wa masamba otsika umakhala wokongola. Mabasi amasiya kukula bwino.	Njira: kulowetsedwa anyezi peel; decoction wa masamba a dandelion; yankho la mbatata zobiriwira.
Wamtundu kapena wowonda	Zokhudza banja la dzombe. Zimachitika zobiriwira, zachikaso, zofiirira. Kutalika kuyambira 1 mpaka 2 cm. Nsagwada zimayambira ndi masamba.	Chotsani namsongole pamabedi (mwachitsanzo, udzu wa tirigu); mutakolola, utsiwaze dothi ndi Karbofos; tsiku lotsatira, chotsani zinyalala m'mundamo.
Osamvetseka	Usiku ndi nthawi yamadzulo, tizilombo timatha kuwoneka pamakalata. Amapanga mabowo akuluakulu obiriwira. Masana amakonda kupuma m'malo abwino, achinyontho.	Pangani ndowa zamowa m'deralo. Khosi liyenera kugumuka ndi nthaka. Slugs zimakwawa mwa iwo kuti zimwe ndipo sizimatha kutuluka. Iyi ndi njira yosavuta yotetezera tizirombo.

A Chilimwe wokhala nawo amalangiza: momwe angasungire saladi

Zokolola ziyenera kusungidwa mufiriji, makamaka m'bokosi la masamba. Izi zisanachitike, masamba amafunika kuti aume pang'ono, chifukwa Mitundu yonyowa imazimiririka msanga.