Mu zakudya zaumunthu muli zakudya zamasamba ndi zinyama. Palinso zamoyo zomwe sizikugwera muzigawo zilizonse. Izi ndi bowa. Iwo ali okhaokha mu ufumu wosiyana ndi ogawidwa mu zakudya ndi poizoni. Pali gulu losiyana la bowa - chakudya choyenera. Anthu osadziwa bowa amaletsedwa kusonkhanitsa ndi kuzidya, chifukwa pali chiopsezo chachikulu cha poizoni ndi woimira. Chimodzi mwazimenezi ndi bowa kwambiri. M'nkhaniyi, mitundu yowonjezera, kugawa kwawo, njira zokula ndi kuphika za bowa izi zidzakambidwa.
Zimakhala zofanana kwambiri
Zimakhulupirira kuti malingana ndi makhalidwe ake a kukoma mtima kumeneku sikunsika kwa olemekezeka a truffles. Ku Ulaya, wakhala akukololedwa ngati chikhalidwe chabwino kwambiri kwa zaka zopitirira mazana awiri; mayiko a Aslavic sanazindikirebe ubwino wa bowa uwu. 
Ikhoza kudyidwanso, koma pokhapokha mutapangidwanso. Ngakhale kuti malonda akukonzekera kuphika kapena yokazinga, amafunika kuphika m'madzi ambiri.
Ndikofunikira! Kukula bowa izi kunyumba n'kovuta kwambiri. Musaganize kuti iwo adzakula mwambo wa mycelium. Chaka chilichonse, ziwonetsero zimapezeka pamalo atsopano, choncho nthawi zambiri zimakula ngati zothandizira m'minda ya zipatso.
Msuziwu umayenera kuthira, chifukwa zonse zida zoopsa za mwanayo zimasamutsidwa. Chogulitsacho sichiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa marinating ndi salting, koma chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu mawonekedwe owuma.
Komabe, atayanika, iyenera kusungidwa kwa miyezi itatu (nthawi ya poizoni yogawanika). 
Makhalidwe achilengedwe ndi mitundu ya morels
Morel ndichiwawa chamakono. Pali mitundu itatu yaikulu ya morels.
Dziwani kuti bowa ndi zotani monga: flakefish, tchizi, bowa shiitake, bowa reishi, matchire aakulu, nkhumba, mapepala, bokosi, bowa, ma bowa, boti, boti ndi bowa.
Zakudya zowonjezera
Chomera chachikulu (mpaka 20 cm mu msinkhu) chipatso chomwe chiri ndi ovate, kapangidwe kakang'ono kamene kali ndi mapeto omveka. Hat Amagwirizana kwambiri ndi thupi la mwendo, amafika masentimita 7 m'litali ndipo ndi theka la kukula kwa bowa.
Kwambiri mkati mwake, mkati mwake, amafanana ndi maselo a sera. Mtunduwo sutchulidwa, imakhala yowuma, m'dzinja imakhala mdima, ndipo bowa amabisala bwino m'mamasamba. Thupi la chipatso liri minofu, yotanuka, komanso yopanda pake, zomwe zimapangitsa bowa kukhala lowala kwambiri.
Mwendo mawonekedwe ozungulira, pafupi ndi nthaka akulemera ndi opitirira ndi mamba. Pakapita nthawi, imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni; mu bowa wawang'ono ndi woyera kwambiri. Mnofu ulibe fungo lodziwika bwino, ulibe kukoma. Kapangidwe kawo ndi koonda, kosaoneka bwino, koonongeka mosavuta. 
Bowa amafalitsidwa ndi spores ya microns angapo kukula. Amapanga ufa wonyezimira wamtengo wapatali umene umawonekera m'mapanga apadera pamwamba pa kapu. Nthawi zina kapu yonse imadzazidwa ndi spores.
Mukudziwa? M'mayiko a Asilavo, chikhalidwe ichi sichilemekezedwa kwambiri, koma anthu a ku Ulaya ndi United States amaona kuti ndizokondweretsa. M'zaka za m'ma 1980, boma la Minnesota linapanga bowa, ndipo zaka makumi angapo izi zisanachitike, mu 1910, United Kingdom inazindikira kuti chikhalidwe chimenechi ndi chuma chamdziko.
Kulingalira kopambana
Imayimilidwa ndi thupi la chipatso, apothecium, lomwe lili pamwamba pa tsinde lakuda. Ili ndi kapu yowonjezera kwambiri yomwe ili ndi maselo ofooka. Maselo amatsitsimutsidwa kwambiri, amafanana ndi zotayirira siponji. Ali ndi mtundu wofiirira wofiirira, kotero iwo ali pafupi wosawonekera m'ma masamba. Kudala kumapeto kwa nyengo ya bowa.
Chophimbacho ndi chopanda kanthu, mofanana ndi mwendo wandiweyani wambiri. Msola uli ndi zowonongeka, zowonongeka. 
Zakale chipatsocho, chimakhala chakuda. Achinyamata ena amakhala ndi kirimu kapena kuwala kofiira. Mnofu ndi wofooka kwambiri, phula pang'ono, umauma mwamsanga mutatha kudula, sunawononge kukoma ndi kununkhiza. Mafuta a spore ndi amphongo, omwe amaimira michere yosalala yofiira ya mtundu woyera kapena kirimu.
Pamwamba kwambiri
Msewu wamasitolo ndi waukulu, mpaka masentimita 20 mu msinkhu ndi masentimita 8 m'mimba mwake. Kapu ya chipatso cha thupi ndi yopapatiza komanso yochepa kwambiri, osati yaikulu ngati ya zakudya zina zambiri. Ali ndi azitona wakuda kapena mtundu wofiirira. Msola uli wofanana ndi mwendo wa oimira conical - granular, kuwala, mkati mkati.
Ndikofunikira! Ana aang'ono amaletsedwa kudyetsa bowa awa. Ngakhale kutentha koyambirira kumawononga mbali yokha ya poizoni mu zipatso izi. Toxeni otsala mu mbale akhoza kuvulaza thupi la ana aang'ono ndipo amachititsa mavuto aakulu ndi dongosolo la manjenje.
Wakale fungasi, mdima umakhala. Mapuloteni a Ellipsoidal amapanga spore ufa wa mthunzi wobiriwira wamthunzi. Zimasungidwa m'maselo ndipo zimaphimba kapu ya bowa. 
Kodi bowa amakula kuti: zachilengedwe ndi kufalitsa
Chikhalidwe chimenechi chikupezeka kudera la Northern Hemisphere m'madera omwe ali ndi nyengo yozizira. Anagwiranso ntchito m'madera ochepa a Australia. Kukula nokha, bowa awiri kapena atatu ndi ochepa.
Silikupezeka kawiri pamalo omwewo, kotero kulibe kulima kulima mafakitalewa. Amakula pa dothi la miyala yamchere, malo owala bwino, phulusa ndi mabowo.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba panyumba, zovuta zinayesedwa kulima m'ma 1890. Mfalansa wina wochokera ku Russia, dzina lake Repin, anaika mitsuko ya mycelium m'miphika n'kuiumbira m'thumba lamadzi. Mafuta amakula patapita zaka khumi ndipo atatha kukolola kangapo mu miphika sanawonekere konse.
M'mapiri a coniferous ndi osowa, kawirikawiri m'minda yamaluwa, minda ya zipatso. Nyengo ya bowa ili miyezi iwiri kapena iwiri ndi theka - kuyambira April mpaka May kapena kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa June.
Ndikofunika kusonkhanitsa mbewuyi kuyambira kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa Meyi, kuyambira mu April zipatso zimakhala zopanda pake komanso madzi. Magulu akulu angapezeke ku nkhalango zakalekale, pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu komanso pafupi ndi mabulosi a mabulosi. Dulani modzichepetsa mozungulira nthaka yokha kuti musamawononge mwendo wosalimba. 
Chitetezo cha mycelium sichiri chofunika kwambiri, kuyambira chaka chilichonse zipatsozi zikuwonekera pamalo atsopano. Pasanathe maola awiri mutatha kusonkhanitsa zofunikanso, amafunika kutsukidwa ndi kusinthidwa kuti asaume ndipo asakhale ovuta kwambiri.
Kodi zingasokonezedwe ndi mitundu ina ya bowa?
Zowonjezera sizili ngati bowa lina lililonse, kotero kuwasokoneza ndi bowa wonyenga ndizovuta. Pali mitundu imodzi yokha yofanana ndi chipatso ichi, mizere. Mzerewo ndi wofiira kapena bulauni-bulauni, koma kapu yawo ilibe maselo.
Tikukulangizani kuti muwerenge mwatsatanetsatane momwe morel amasiyana ndi mzere.
Zilibechabe, zimatseka mwendo wofiira pafupi. Mzerewo umatanthauzanso kuti zakudya zimadya, choncho ngakhale mutatenga mosakaniza bowa limodzi ndi ena, mutatha kuwira, sangakhale opanda vuto.
Kodi kukula bowa
Kwa nthawi yaitali ankakhulupilira kuti sizingatheke kuti akule kwambiri malonda. 
Anthu a ku Ulaya omwe ali ndi luso labwino akhala akuyang'ana chikhalidwe ichi ndipo adatulutsa njira zina zosamalira iwo.
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire kukula kunyumba: bowa, bowa, bowa oyster ndi truffle wakuda.
Njira ya Germany
Pofuna kubweretsa bowa wambiri ku nthaka, amasonkhanitsa m'nkhalango ndikusambitsidwa bwino, kusunga madzi. Zipatso zochepetsedwa zimadulidwa pang'onopang'ono ndipo zimabalalika mu udzu wounikira pamzu wa mitengo ya zipatso. Malo okafika amathiridwa madzi ndi kusamba, kumene nkhumba za bowa zimatsalira, ndi kutsanulira ndi phulusa mochuluka.
Kubzala kumasiyidwa mu mawonekedwewa mpaka mwezi wa Oktoba, ndipo kenaka amadzala ndi masamba omwe agwa ndi apulo. 
Kumapeto kwa March, masamba ochotsamo amachotsedwa, mycelium imamveka ndipo imayima, ndipo kumayambiriro kwa April, bowa woyamba amayamba kuwoneka. Kubzala kotere kudzapereka zokolola zambiri kwa zaka zitatu kapena zinayi.
Ndikofunikira! Pamene mukukula minda yambiri paminda yam'munda, chotsani chitetezo cha masamba ndi manja. Zakudya ndi mabampu apadera a kusonkhanitsa masamba amamasula pamwamba pa nthaka, motero kuvulaza ulusi woonda wa mycelium.
Njira ya ku France
Zimachokera pa umoyo wa mabedi a bowa ndi mkate wa apulo. Kufika kumayendetsedwa mofanana ndi njira ya ku Germany, koma musanaphimbe nthaka ndi masamba, mabedi amaphimbidwa ndi maapulo ovunda ndi zinyalala zina.
Udzu wouma ndi woyenera kukhala pogona, umateteza chitetezo cha mycelium nthawi yozizira kwambiri.
Momwe mungathere komanso chokoma kuphika morels mu poto
Palibe zenizeni zenizeni zokhudza poizoni wa bowawu. Kafukufuku wosiyanasiyana amasonyeza kukhalapo mwa mankhwalawa poizoni hiromitrina komanso poizoni wodwala asidi. Zonsezi zimawonongeka pambuyo pa chithandizo cha kutentha, choncho mitundu iyi imatengedwa kuti imadya.
Zosakaniza Ziyenera
Kukonzekera mbale tikufunikira:
- morels - 400 g;
- anyezi - 100 g;
- batala - 50 g;
- kirimu wowawasa - 100 ml;
- madzi - 2 l.
Chotsatira pang'onopang'ono ndi zithunzi
- Tsitsani bowa mumadzi ozizira, mutonthozenso magawo pa miyendo ndikudula bowa pamodzis Ayeretseni malo okhala pansi, ovunda ndi owonongeka.
- Lembani morels ndi madzi otentha ndi zilowerere kwa theka la ora kuti mupange thupi labwino kwambiri.. Kutani, kutsanulira madzi otentha pa bowa ndi kuimirira kwa mphindi 40 pa moto wochepa.
- Pakali pano, peel ndi finely kuwaza anyezi. Sungunulani batala mu poto. Mwachangu anyezi mpaka kuwala kwa golide bulauni. Thirani msuzi wa bowa, tumizani ku frying ndi mwachangu ndi anyezi, oyambitsa mokoma, kwa mphindi 20.
- Onjezerani kirimu wowawasa ndi simmer kwa mphindi 10. Konzani mbale yokonzeka mu mbale ndikutentha.
Video: momwe mungamveke zobirira zokazinga
Werengani zambiri zokhudza pickles, pickling, kuyanika ndi kuzizira bowa.
Kaya onse angagwiritse ntchito morels
Sikoyenera kuti tigwiritse ntchito zipatso izi ndi kusasalana kwa wina ndi mzake ndi zovuta zogulitsa mankhwala. Zowonjezera zimatsutsana ndi amayi apakati, amayi omwe amanyamwitsa, ana osakwana zaka khumi ndi ziwiri.
Musadye nawo kwa omwe akudwala matenda a mtima. Mavitamini osakanizika m'dothi la bowa akhoza kuwononga poizoni ndi mavuto a matenda omwe alipo.
Zowonjezera ndi bowa zomwe zimawoneka kumayambiriro kwa masika m'nkhalango ndi kumunda wamunda. Iwo amakula chaka chilichonse m'malo atsopano, posankha malo omwe amawunikira bwino monga ashy. Ndikofunika kuti muziwasonkhanitsa mosamala, ngati thupi lochepa kwambiri la bowa likhoza kuwonongeka mosavuta. 
Musanayambe kukonzekera, zipatsozi ziyenera kutsukidwa m'madzi ozizira ndi kuziphika kwa theka la ola kuti poizoni zonse zomwe zili mkati mwawo ziwonongeke.
Mukudziwa? Kwa nthawi yoyamba, katswiri wa sayansi ya zinyama ku San Francisco analandira mbewu za ma laboratory. Anali atakhala kale pansi pa gawo labwino kwambiri la miyala yambiri ndipo potsirizira pake ankakhala pa mphukira za tirigu. Chifukwa cha mtengo wapatali wogulitsa malonda a njira iyi sanalandire.
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zonse kumapindulitsa masomphenya - kumathetsa nthendayi, glaucoma, ndi zaka zambiri. Onetsetsani kuti mukugwiritsa ntchito bowawa nthawi zonse ndikuwathandiza kuti azitha kutenthedwa kuti athandizidwe.
