Kubeletsa kalulu kuswana

Kalulu yobereketsa sikutanthauza kugula kwa nyama zokha, komanso kukhazikitsa zinthu zabwino zomwe zimapangidwira, kusamalira zakudya zogwiritsira ntchito, ziweto zamakono komanso njira zothandizira panthaŵi yake. Tidzafotokozeranso zokhudzana ndi kuswana akalulu, malamulo odyetsa komanso kusamalira, kuphatikizapo nkhaniyi.

Zamkatimu:

• Kusankha akalulu pa fuko
• Zaka
• Makhalidwe a munthu aliyense payekha
• Malingana ndi zotsatira za okrolov yoyamba
• Kusamalira ndi kusamalira
• Zomwe amangidwa
• Chisamaliro ndi ukhondo
• Zakudya ndi zakudya za akalulu obereketsa
• Video: Kalulu yobereketsa

Chifukwa chiyani akubala akalulu achibale?

Zoologist amasiyanitsa mitundu 70 ya nyama, pansi ndi ubweya wa akalulu, koma ambiri a iwo sakudziwika kwambiri kuposa makumi awiri mwa iwo.Ndipotu akatswiri ambiri amanena kuti pang'onoing'ono mitundu ya kalulu, yomwe kwenikweni ili yothandiza. Kuchokera pazimenezi zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuti mwana azitha kuswana. Masiku ano, obereketsa akalulu amakonda kwambiri nyama zakudya ndi nyama komanso zodzikonda, zomwe zimachokera ku United States of America, Europe, ndi New Zealand. Kukolola kwakukulu ndi kusungidwa kwabwino kwa gululi kumapezeka m'mabuku otsatirawa:

• Chophika;
• New Zealand;
• Chimphona chachikulu;
• Mbuzi yamphongo ya French;
• Soviet chinchilla;
• Kutsika koyera;
• Chimphona cha Belgium.

Mukudziwa? Kalulu kumbuyo kwamanzere m'mitundu yambiri ya dziko, kuphatikizapo ku Ulaya, kumpoto ndi South America, Africa ndi China, amalemekezedwa ngati chiwonongeko cha chimwemwe. Zowonjezereka, chikhulupiliro cha mphamvu zamatsenga za nkhaniyi chinayamba zaka 600. BC kuchokera kwa anthu a Chi Celtic omwe ankakhala m'mayiko a ku Ulaya.

Mbali yodabwitsa ya mitundu iyi ndi kuwonjezeka mofulumira. Kulemera kwa akuluakulu kumasiyanasiyana pakati pa 5 ndi 10 kg. Komabe, pokhapokha kusabereka, pali chiwerengero chochepa.

Kusankha akalulu pa fuko

Kuti musankhe akalulu, ndikofunika kusankha banja labwino la makolo. Panthawi imeneyi, ambiri atsopano amatsogoleredwa ndi zizindikiro zakunja zokha. Komabe, malinga ndi akatswiri, izi sizikwanira kupeza akazi abwino ndi amuna.

Ndipotu, pali zizindikiro zofanana. Choncho, ndikofunika kudziwa momwe chikhalidwe chawo chilili, komanso kuti athe kudziwa zomwe zimayambira. Tiyeni tiyankhule zambiri za ena mwa iwo.

Ndikofunikira! Kulakwitsa kwakukulu pakusankhidwa kwa akalulu awiri omwe ali kholo ndi kutalika kwa mbali imodzi ya mtengo wapatali. Ngakhale kukanika kwa matenda, kubereka, mkaka ndi amayi achilengedwe zimakhala zofunikira kwambiri kuposa chuma chokwanira m'mabwalo okwera.

Zaka

Iyi ndi gawo loyamba la kusankha kuswana nyama zinyama, zomwe zimachitika ali ndi zaka 60 mpaka 90. Malinga ndi zikhalidwe za mtunduwu, miyezi iwiri kapena itatu ya akalulu akalulu amachotsedwa kwa mayi. Pa nthawi yomweyi, anthu omwe ali ndi zofooka za thupi, ubweya wosawoneka, kufooka kwa thupi, kusasamala komanso kusowa chakudya nthawi yomweyo amakanidwa. Kuwonjezera apo, akatswiri amalangiza kuti amvetsetse zizindikiro zowonjezera, zomwe kalulu adzalandira kuchokera kwa makolo awo. Ndikofunika kuti nthawi yomweyo muziganizira zizindikiro za moyo ndi mkaka wa makolo awo, komanso oyambirira awo.

Pofuna kukhala ndi makhalidwe abwino, adalimbikitsidwa kuti azitulutsa akalulu m'nyengo yozizira yotchedwa okrolov, chifukwa amayamba nyengo yabwino kwambiri.

Zidzakupindulitsani kuti mudziwe zaka zingati komanso momwe mungadziwire zaka za akalulu komanso zomwe zimakhudza moyo wa akalulu.

Panthawi imeneyi, akadakali koyambirira kuti adziwe zowonongeka za zokolola komanso zosankha za anthu osankhidwa, motero, posankha oyenerera, pali mavuto ambiri. Omwe amadziwa zoweta amalangiza kuti apereke zinyama kwa anyamata akalulu akalulu kuchokera kumtunda woyamba kapena wachiwiri. Komanso, makolo ayenera kukhala osadetsedwa.

Kawirikawiri akazi okhwima okhudzana ndi kugonana samagwiritsa ntchito zaka zoposa 2, koma ngati ntchito yawo yobereka ikukuthandizani, nthawiyi ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa chaka. Kuti musankhe bwino, onetsetsani kuti mzere wa makolo uli bwino, nthawi zina kuchotsa anthu okalamba kuposa zaka zitatu, komanso akalulu omwe anapatsa ana ang'onoang'ono, atatha kukwatira, amatha kukhala osapititsidwa nthawi zambiri kapena amachotsedwa.

Mukudziwa? Akalulu ochokera ku zinyama zina zakutchire ali ndi maonekedwe apadera. Iwo ali ndi chiberekero cholimba. Choncho, nyamayo imatha kunyamula malita awiri omwe amamangidwa nthawi zosiyana ndi amuna osiyana.

Makhalidwe a munthu aliyense payekha

Pa gawo lachiwiri la kusankha, wofalitsa kalulu amayenera kuyang'anitsitsa msinkhu wa chitukuko cha kuswana, kukula, thanzi, ntchito ndi zizindikiro za kunja.

Ndikofunika kulingalira nambala ya akalulu pafupi. Ndipotu, zing'onozing'ono, ndizokulu. Choncho, pakufuna kukula bwino, mukhoza kupanga zolemetsa, koma nyama zochepa. Kuwonjezera pa kulemera kwa anyamata osankhidwa, ndikofunika kumvetsetsa chikhalidwe cha ukhondo wa ziweto ndi zakudya zopatsa thanzi. Pambuyo pake, izi zidzasonyezeratu kuti maina ndi abambo anasankhidwa. Apo ayi, kusankha kosankha kudzachitika.

Mukudziwa? Kalulu ali ndi mano 28, ndipo mano ang'onoting'ono amakula kumbuyo kwa incisors zake zam'tsogolo. Zinyama izi zimadzitamandira chilakolako chofuna kudya ndikudya zonse zomwe zimakula, komanso zochuluka. Panthawi imodzi, kalulu wamkulu akhoza kudya udzu wochuluka kuti wadzaza mtsamiro waukulu..

Osayenerera ntchito zina zobereketsa omwe ali:

• utoto wofiira, wofiira ndi wavy;
• chofuwa;
• minofu yopanda mphamvu;
• pali vuto pakati pa mapewa;
• chotupa chachikulu;
• mimba yamphamvu;
• kubwereranso;
• chochepa;
• Malo osayenerera a miyendo yam'mbuyo kapena yam'mbuyo;
• Pali mitsempha ndi ma tubercles pa khungu, maso;
• makutu ochepetsetsa (amagwiritsa ntchito mitundu yonse, kupatulapo nkhosa);
• chiwonongeko cha mankhwala;
• pali zovuta zina;
• ntchito yochepa yochepa;
• kusala kudya;
• matenda opatsirana, tizilombo ndi matenda ena adapezeka.

Malingana ndi zotsatira za okrolov yoyamba

Gawo lomaliza la kuswana ziweto zimachokera ku mphamvu zake zobereka. Zili zothandiza pamene akalulu ali ndi miyezi 6-8. Tiyenera kudziŵa kuti ubwino wa kubereka kwa nyama umakhala woonekera chifukwa cha 3-4 acrols.

Taganizirani kutalika kwa nthawi yomwe mimba ya kalulu imatha komanso momwe mungadziwire, komanso muwerenge nthawi yonse ya nyengo yachisanu ndi mndandanda.

Pofuna kubereka, amai ofunikira amatha kusinthanitsa bwino makhalidwe awo ku mbadwo watsopanowu - kukolola kwapamwamba, kufalitsa komanso kupirira kwambiri kuti zisawononge zachilengedwe. Anthu omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zotsatirazi zakuthupi ndi zakuthupi amatsatira zonsezi:

• zizindikiro za thupi ndi zolemera;
• ubweya wapamwamba;
• chizoloŵezi cha umuna nthawi iliyonse ya chaka;
• akalulu kuyambira akalulu 8 mpaka 14;
• chitetezo cha chikhalidwe cha fakitale mu nthawi ya lactation;
• chitukuko chofanana cha achinyamata ndi 90-100% ya kusungidwa kwake mpaka kuyamwa;
• kusintha mofulumira kwa zinthu zatsopano, kuphatikizapo zosayenera;
• zotanuka, zotanuka khungu ndi wandiweyani pansi popanda scuffs;
• zofanana ndi zowonongeka za nyenyezi (chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa kwa chiwerengero cha ana, komanso kusiyana pakati pa umuna);
• kuchita zachiwerewere.

Kusankhidwa kwa amuna kumachitika pang'onopang'ono kusiyana pakati pa mapepala oyambirira ndi achiwiri, ndipo mpweya wa nyama ukutengedwa. Ntchito yobereka imakhalabe ndi iwo omwe ali nawo:

• Thupi lamphamvu;
• Phokoso lalikulu la munthu (omwe ali ndi mafupa osakanikirana amaloledwa);
• Mafuta ochepa (nyama zochepa kwambiri zimapatsa ana opwetekedwa ndi mphamvu zochepa).

Kusamalira ndi kusamalira

Mabanja obelekera akhoza kusungidwa kumalo osungirako komanso m'misewu. Chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti kalulu wokhala ndi akalulu ayenera kukhala pamtunda ndi kutetezedwa kuchokera kumalo osungirako zida kapena zachilengedwe, chifukwa dzuwa limawoneka mosiyana ndi zinyama.

Tikukulangizani kuti mudziwe bwino za akalulu obereketsa kunyumba, komanso phunzirani zonse zokhudza kubereka akalulu ngati bizinesi.

Poyambirira ayenera kuyang'anira kuthandizira kwa kalulu, zomwe zidzathandiza kusamalira ndi kugawa chakudya. Mkazi ndi mwamuna ayenera kukhala padera. Ndikofunika kuti wobereketsa ateteze milandu yake kuti asatenthedwe, kuyamwa mopitirira muyeso ndi damp. Tiyeni tifotokoze za zofunika komanso malamulo ofunika kwambiri.

Zomwe amangidwa

Malinga ndi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito, akalulu amasiyana, koma onse ayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira izi:

1. Kupezeka kumadera ouma ndi okwera, kutali ndi magwero a chinyezi ndi madzi, mumthunzi wa mitengo. Izi zimachitika chifukwa chosagwirizana ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa.
2. Khalani ndi mpweya wabwino. M'nyumba za mawindo oyendetsa ndege ndi osafunika, omwe amatha kupitirira 30 m / s.
3. Chaka chonse kuti usunge kutentha kwapakati pa 15+ ... +20 ° C (chifukwa cha ichi, mawonekedwe ayenera kutenthedwa ndi kuzizira).
4. M'nyengo yozizira, amatha maola osachepera 10 patsiku. Zowona, mawindo amaikidwa pa khoma lonse kumbali yakummawa kwa dongosolo akhoza kuthetsa vutoli.
5. Ili pamtunda wa masentimita 80-100 kuchokera pansi. Ndikofunika kuteteza ma ward ku makoswe, ndipo njirayi idzawathandiza kukonzanso.
6. Zizindikiro za chinyezi mu kalulu nyumba ziyenera kulumikizana ndi 60-70%.
7. Mpukutu wamakono wa kalulu wamphesa wamtundu wa kalulu uli ndi miyeso ya 70 x 100 x 60 masentimita. Kwa chigamba chaching'ono, kapangidwe kakhoza kukhala kamphindi kakang'ono. Kukula kwa maselo kumadalira makamaka mtundu wa ma ward ndi momwe amasungidwira. Mwachitsanzo, mabuluwa amafunika pafupifupi 0-0-0.7 lalikulu mamita a m'deralo, akuluakulu aamuna amafunikira 0.17 m2, ndipo nyama zinyama zikufunikira 0.12 m2.
8. Yabwino ndi maselo opangidwa ndi matabwa ndi matabwa. Nthaka kawirikawiri imapangidwa ndi slats, koma pofuna kupewa chitukuko cha poddermatit, iyo iyenera kukhala yokutidwa ndi matayala ofewa ndi udzu wa udzu.

Chisamaliro ndi ukhondo

Kuweta ziweto ndikofunika kutetezera matenda omwe angatheke, kotero kusamala kalulu kuyenera kuyandikira ndi udindo waukulu. Akalulu onse amakhudzidwa kwambiri kuti afufuze m'malo awo okhala ndi ammonia. Choncho, wobadwayo amafunika:

• Sungani pallets tsiku lililonse kuchokera ku manyowa (ziweto zamtundu ziyenera kutayidwa bwino, sizivomerezeka kukhala pafupi ndi maselo);
• Tsiku lililonse asinthe zinyalala mkati mwake (Apo ayi, nyamayo idzadwala chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa dampness);
• Musanayambe kudyetsa, yeretsani odyetserako kuchokera ku zakudya zopatsa thanzi (akalulu amadziwika ndi kuwonjezeka kwa chifuwa cha m'mimba);
• musanayambe kuthirira madzi madzi omwe amamwa ndi kuyang'ana ukhondo wawo;
• semesita iliyonse imayeretsa m'nyumba yonse ya kalulu ndi matenda ake onse opatsirana.

Kuchotsa chilengedwe cha matenda a kalulu sikumphweka. Choncho, simungayambe izi. Wofalitsa kalulu ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti matenda ndi mavairasi amakhala ndi moyo wodabwitsa, kuwonetsa mbadwo watsopano wa zinyama zomwe zikuwonetsedwa muzinthu izi. Chifukwa chake, ndi kuperekera mankhwala osakaniza nthawi ndi nthawi kuti zinyama zisagwe.

Ndikofunikira! M'nyengo yotentha, njira yothetsera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ingakhale yozizira, ndipo nthawi yachisanu-yozizira ndi bwino kukonzekera pogwiritsa ntchito madzi otentha..

Popeza tizilombo toyambitsa matenda timene timakhala m'nyumba zosungiramo zinyama zimakhala zosagwirizana kwambiri ndi kutentha komanso kutentha kwambiri, amayamba kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala oopsa, amatha kuwonongedwa ndi njira zosawonongeka zapadera. Mapulaneti onse (mkati ndi kunja) a kalulu, zonse zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mosamala, komanso malinga, pansi ndi padenga la chipinda chomwe khola ilipo ayenera kuchiritsidwa. Choyamba, akalulu amamangidwa kuchokera kumangidwe, ndipo atangomaliza kufotokozera dothi, zogona ndi dothi. Kenaka chotsani zinthu zonse zosasinthika ndi phula ndi jet la madzi otentha musambe khola kuchokera mkati. Bwerezani njirayi ndi detergent ndi brush. Zomwezo zimachitidwa ndi osungira, odyetsa komanso oledzera.

Muyenera kuvomereza kuti kutaya maselo a akalulu sikuti ndi kofunikira chabe, koma ndizofunikira kwambiri komanso zoyenera. Ganizirani njira za mankhwala a kalulu kunyumba.

Pambuyo poyambitsa ntchito, kalulu amatha kukhala wouma ndipo nthawi yomweyo amachiritsidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda: Virocid, Ash, C, Formalin, Glutex, Virosan, Whiteness, Virkon C, solution formaldehyde, soda ash kapena Bromosept-50. Mwinanso, mukhoza kuwotcha kapangidwe ka blowtorch.

Zakudya ndi zakudya za akalulu obereketsa

Menyu ya kalulu ayenera kukhala ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo tirigu, zowutsa mudyo, zotupa, komanso zimayika ndi vitamini-mineral supplements. Pachifukwa ichi, kusoŵa zakudya m'thupi kapena kudya mopitirira muyeso kudzakhudza kwambiri ntchito yobereka ya kuswana.

Mukudziwa? Akalulu aang'ono kwambiri ndi omwe amaimira a Little Idahokapena, monga iwo amatchedwa, mapiri. Kulemera kwake kwakukulu kwa nyama zazikulu kumafika 450 g, ndipo kutalika kwa thupi kumakhala masentimita 22 mpaka 35 cm.

Sichikondweretsa kudyetsa nyama zokha ndi udzu kapena masamba. Zakudya zotsatirazi ziyenera kukhala chakudya chawo:

1. Hay Ikhoza kuperekedwa kwa ziweto panthawi iliyonse yodyetsa. Chinthu chachikulu - kuyang'anitsitsa kuyanika kwake ndi kutsitsika, monga momwe amasonyezera ndi fungo lokoma ndi mtundu wobiriwira wa zitsamba. M'chilimwe mungathe kudyetsa zomera zouma. Pakuti kukolola udzu ndi koyenera kwambiri: kudula nsomba, calendula, clover, yarrow, burdock, udzu wobiriwira, nyanga za nyenyezi, knotweed, asparagus mapesi, hogweed, hop, dandelion, rhubarb.
2. Udzu. Peyala, lentilo, mapira ndi oat amadziwika ndi zakudya zabwino kwambiri. Amapatsidwa akalulu kamodzi patsiku, monga mawonekedwe a chotupa chowombera, chomwe chimasakanizidwa ndi chakudya chamagulu mu chiŵerengero cha 5: 1. Zosakaniza zoterezi zingakhalepo mumasitomala a kalulu, pamene palibe chakudya china.
3. Masamba ndi nthambi za mitengo. Ponena za zakudya zabwino, chakudya choterechi chimafanana ndi udzu wa udzu. Choyenera kwambiri: birch, Lindeni, phulusa, msondodzi, aspen, mapulo, poplar ya siliva, hornbeam, elm, peyala, acacia, apulo. Ndikofunika kuti chakudya cha mtundu umenewu chikhale nthawi zonse m'deralo.
4. Zitsamba zatsopano ndi masamba. Ndibwino kuti mupatse ana awiriwa: zowawa zazing'ono, dioecious, karoti nsonga, udzu winawake, dandelions, parsley, katsabola, plantain, yarrow, masamba a burdock, zilonda zakutchire, nthula, tansy, masamba a sitiroberi, basil, mapesi a topinasa.
5. Zamasamba. Pa mndandanda wa zololedwa: kaloti, turnips, tomato, zukini, nkhaka, nyemba zamasamba, nyemba, dzungu, ziphuphu za Brussels, broccoli, zipatso za atitchoku Yerusalemu. Nkofunika kuti zamkati zomwe zachotsedwa ku mbeu zimayikidwa muzomwe zimapatsa nyama.
6. Zipatso ndi zipatso. Perekani zochepa: mapeyala, maapulo, mavwende ndi mavwende (mukhoza kupereka peel), gooseberries (ndibwino kuti mupereke masiku awiri); strawberries, cranberries, blueberries, nyanja buckthorn, mapulusa otentha, nkhuyu zatsopano, zakuda ndi zofiira currants, mphesa.
7. Silo Kuli m'nyengo yozizira. Wokonzeka ku zipatso zosawerengeka.
8. Nkhosa, zomwe ziri zochepa kwa barele, oats, tirigu ndi chimanga.
9. Kudyetsa ndi kumayang'ana. Chofunika kwambiri chimapangidwa ndi: 28% udzu wouma, 20% tirigu-oatmeal ndi mabala a barley, chakudya cha mpendadzuwa 13%, 15% chimanga cha tirigu, 2-4% yisiti yodyedwa, mchere, nsomba ndi nyama ndi fupa ufa.
10. Vitamini ndi mineral zowonjezerapo mwa mawonekedwe a granulated potaziyamu-calcium supplements, mitsempha yapadera ya mchere, miyala yamtengo wapatali.

Zakudya zodyetsa zimadalira makamaka nyengo ndi zaka za ziweto. Kumbukirani kuti ngati mukusoŵa zakudya m'thupi kapena kudya, musayembekezere zotsatira zabwino zobereka. Pofuna kulingalira chiwerengero cha chakudya chofunidwa pamtundu wina, tsatirani deta ili pansipa.

Lamulo lofunika kwambiri pa ulimi wa akalulu ndi chakudya chabwino cha zinyama zokhala ndi zakudya zolimbitsa thupi tsiku ndi tsiku. Werengani za kadyedwe ka akalulu, makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, komanso fufuzani mndandanda wa zoletsedwa ndi zololedwa kwa akalulu.

Kuyeza kusaka ndi akalulu kumafuna kudziwa ndi zodziwa zina pa kuswana kwa nyama izi. Ngakhale kulakwitsa pang'ono pakusankha kapena kusamalira zinyama zosabereka kungawononge ntchito yonse yomwe yapangidwa kale. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu idzakuthandizani kubzala akalulu olimba.

Video: Kalulu yobereketsa