Chifukwa cha kulengedwa kwa makope onse atsopano a zokolola za mphesa ndi njira yowonongeka.
N'zotheka kuwoloka mitundu iwiri yosiyana, yomwe imagwirizana ndi kusakanikirana koyambirira, kapena mitundu iwiri yosiyana yomwe ili ndi ubale wa mitundu - intraspecific hybridation.
Izi zimachitika pa cholinga chenicheni: kulimbikitsa kapena kupeza zikhazikitso zatsopano zomwe zimatsimikizira kukula kwa mbeu pambali pa kholo.
Mitundu yowonekera
Dzinalo la mtundu watsopano wamphesa wamphesa amawoneka ngati nthabwala za wosamalira minda yamaluwa, ngati simukudziwa maziko onse a maonekedwe ake. Mu mzinda wa Kherson, ku Ukraine, bungwe lolemba nkhani m'nyuzipepala ya Dachnik ndilofala kwambiri.
Dzinalo la zofalitsa limasonyeza kuti anthu omwe ali olembetsa ndi owerenga ndi anthu omwe amakonda chikondi ndi munda ndi munda pa maekala 6 a malo.
Mu 2001, tsiku la chikondwerero cha nyuzipepalayi, lomwe linayesetsa kwambiri kukulitsa viticulture ku Ukraine, OV Grape Elite ya Zaporozhye inavumbulutsa wosakanizidwa watsopano wotchedwa Chikumbutso cha Kherson Summer House.
Mlengi wake wolunjika anali wantchito wa Zaporozhye NIIV - E.A.
Kwa anthu, dzina lalitali linali losavuta kufupi ndi YuDH yosasindikizidwa ndipo anasungidwa kuti adziwe kasitidwe kosankha - ZT-4-6.
Ndondomeko: Fomu ya mtundu wosakanizidwayo sichiyesedwa mokwanira m'munda kuti ikhale yodziwika bwino. Malangizo a obereketsa: kuti apange YuHD kuti ayesedwe kumpoto kwa Belarus.
Kufotokozera za mphesa Chikumbutso cha Kherson wokhala ku Chilimwe
Watsopano wosakanizidwa wa Chiyukireniya kuswana ndibwino kuti akhale amphamvu kukula, kukhala kutalika kwa tchire ndi mphukira kufika mamita 3 ndipo amadziwika ndi:
- Kuyambira mu fruiting nthawi - m'chaka chachiwiri;
- Kukula msinkhu (pafupifupi masiku 106!);
- Kukolola kwakukulu kwa chitsamba, ndipo, monga chifukwa - kukhuta kwa mphukira;
- Mphamvu ya mphukira yachinyamata mu fruiting - 80%;
- Tsamba ndi lalikulu, lobiriwira, lakuda, zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi mapulaneti osaya ndi nsonga yothamanga;
- Maluwawo ndi ofooka, obiriwira, omwe amawombera pansi, ogwira ntchito;
- Mabhulasi masekeli mpaka magalamu 600., Osasunthika pang'ono, osakanikirana, m'malo momangirira kusiyana ndi mawonekedwe a cylindrical, pa chisa chaching'ono;
- Zipatsozi zimakhala zowirira, pamene yakucha - mdima wakuda, kumpoto - ndi pinki tinge; kukoma kokoma - kokoma ndi kowawa; peel kudya, ndi kukhudzidwa pang'ono ku prune;
- Mtolo wolandiridwa kumtunda kuti usapitirire kuwonjezereka - osapitirira 45 maso;
- Kuwoneka kuli kupambana kwambiri;
- Transportability ndiyomweyi;
- Kutsutsana kwa mitundu yonse ya bowa - 2 mfundo;
- Kutsutsana kwa kutentha kwapansi ndipamwamba (mpaka madigiri -26).
Komanso, kukucha koyamba kumakhala: White Miracle, Rizamat, Pink ndi Tason.
Zosangalatsa: Vinyo wa mphesa ndi vinyo wa rosé alibe chofanana. Vinyo wa mthunzi wa pinki amalandira chifukwa cha "kutaya magazi" kwa madzi a mdima wamdima wakuda.
Chithunzi
Zithunzi za mphesa za UHD:
Zizindikiro
Kodi ndiyatsopano yatsopano?
- Mizu yamphamvu, yomwe imawoneka kale mu mbande, ndipo ili ndi mawonekedwe awiri.
- Zotsatira zabwino kwambiri ndi masitima ambiri.
- Amamva bwino pa nthaka yolemetsa: amalima mwakuya ndikubala zipatso.
- Mitundu yabwino pamphukira zatsopano za nkhuni, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zokolola.
- Kulimbana ndi matenda a fungal (mildew) - 2 mfundo.
- Kugonjetsedwa kwa oidium sikukuchitika ngakhale chifukwa cha kucha kwa mpesa.
- Ili ndi kutentha kwakukulu kwa chisanu (mpaka madigiri -26).
- Zimatha kukolola mwamsanga zaka 2-3, zodziwika ndi zokolola zambiri.
Zachilendo: Zimakhala ndi maluwa okhaokha, omwe amachititsa osamalira wamaluwa. Kodi mantha awo ndi olondola?
Nyumba, Ruta ndi Sofia nawonso ali ndi maluwa okhaokha.
Kuwongolera
Mwa mtundu wamaluwa, mphesa zigawidwa mu:
- Amatsogoleredwa (ndi maluwa awiri);
- Mpweya wochokera pamtambo (uli ndi maluwa amphongo aamuna kapena aakazi).
Maluwa a mphesa ali ochepa komanso osadziwika, ngati ali ndi mphamvu zogwirira ntchito, amafupikitsa timadzi timene timakhala ndi mungu wosabala.
Iwo sangathe kudzipitsa okha, amafunikira malo amphesa ndi maluwa amtundu wa amuna kapena amuna kapena akazi okhaokha. Thandizo la UCD pollination limaperekedwa ndi:
- Zosiyanasiyana Baklanovsky;
- Zosiyanasiyana "Chisangalalo";
- Zosiyanasiyana "Diana";
- Zosiyanasiyana "Dinara";
- Zosiyanasiyana "Kishmish Zaporozhye";
- Zakale zatsopano za 3GTU;
- Sungani mtundu wa Timur pinki.
Mphamvu yowonongeka imadalira kotheratu kutentha kwake: sikuyenera kukhala pansi pa madigiri 17. Nyengo yozizira ndi chinyezi chachikulu zimachepetsa njira ya maluwa.
Chokondweretsa: poyamba, mphesa zonse zinali ndi maluwa, kaya mwamuna kapena mkazi. Maluwa okwatirana ndi amuna kapena akazi okhaokha amapangidwa ngati khola lopangidwa chifukwa chokhalapo kwa nthawi yaitali.
Zotsatira za UCH
Kupanga mtundu watsopano wosakanizidwa wa mphesa zamphesa ndi zipatso zamitundu zinatengedwa:
Zosiyanasiyana za Timur - Mphesa yoyera ya ku VNIIVIV. Potapenko. Zosiyanasiyana zoyambirira ndi kukula kwa shuga (mpaka 22%). Zipatso zamakono zosasunthika bwino - kukula kwake. Zisonyezero zabwino za chisanu kukana ndikutsutsa matenda ndi mildew ndi imvi kuvunda.
Zosiyanasiyana Zokondweretsa zofiira - tebulo yosiyanasiyana kuchokera ku malo omwewo oswana. Chizindikiro chowoneka - zipatso zazikulu zofiira ndi kutulutsa kukoma kwa kukoma. Chofunika kwambiri ndi kukana fungasi ya mitundu yonse ndi kutentha.
Pogwiritsa ntchito mtundu wa zipatso, Chaka cha Jubilee cha Kherson wokhala Chilimwe chinatengera mtundu wake wa mtundu wa maluwa (ogwira ntchito yazimayi) kuchokera ku Chisangalalo Chofiira.
Kodi mungatani kuti musamapindule kwambiri ndi zokolola komanso khalidwe la zipatso?
- Kuchotsa mfundo zokula masiku asanu ndi atatu musanayambe maluwa (kuchemetsana) kumachepetsa kukhetsa maluwa.
- Kuphatikizira ana opeza pamwamba pa tsamba 2-3.
- Katemera wowonjezera wowonjezera katatu pa nthawi ya maluwa (yochitidwa ndi ziphuphu).
- Kutulutsa mphukira pa mphukira pa nyengo ya kuthira mabulosi (kusiya masamba 10 pamwamba pa gulu, pa mphukira zopanda zipatso - mpaka 18).
- Kupopera masamba kuti awonjezere kudyetsa: zinki chelate ndi feteleza munali boron (2 kg / ha).
- Kusintha kwa inflorescences pa mphukira pambuyo pollination (1 gulu kuthawa).
- Kusonkhanitsa nyengo nthawi ya 8-12 maso.
- Kudyetsa kwathunthu zaka ziwiri zilizonse.
- Mzu wapachaka kuvala ndi potashi ndi feteleza zamchere, onjezerani phosphorus musanayambe maluwa. Acicic acid monga kuvala kumawonjezera kukoma kwa zipatso.
Musanyalanyaze kupewa matenda wamba monga anthracnose, bacteriosis, chlorosis ndi rubella.
Nkofunikira: Zipatso za hybrid iyi zowonongeka ndi zilonda. Ndikofunika kuganizira za chitetezo chamatope, chomwe chidzateteze kuwononga kwa mbalame zazing'ono.
Mphesa "Chikumbutso cha Kherson wokhala m'nyengo ya chilimwe" ndi chokoma ndi zokoma ndi masango okongola, omwe amawapangitsa kukhala ofunika kwambiri m'munda wanu.
Romeo, Tayfi ndi Chokoleti amadziwika ndi kukongola kwamtengo wapatali wa mphesa zomwe sangaganizidwe.
