Maluwa okongoletsera mumphika amakhala osangalatsa kwambiri kuposa munda wamaluwa. Posachedwapa, tchire lamaluwa chokongoletsera ndi njira yabwino kwambiri yopangira zomera za kunja.
Komabe, maluwa amkati amafunikira chidwi kwambiri: muyenera kukhazikitsa malo abwino kwambiri kuti akule bwino komanso maluwa.
Mavuto akukula
Popeza zomera sizitentha, zimafuna zinthu zolimbitsa thupi. Choncho, tiyeni tiwone momwe tingasamalirire maluwa a nyumba, kuti maluwa okongola awa akhale okongoletsa kwenikweni.
Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chodziwa kuti ndi magulu ati ndi magulu omwe angagawidwe maluwa.
Kutentha kwa mpweya ndi chinyezi
M'nyengo yozizira, kutentha kumakhala koyenera, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira - kuzizira. Kunyumba, maluwa ochepa samamva zowawa kwambiri kuchokera kutentha kwa mpweya, koma osati kutentha kapena kuyanika kunja kwa dothi. Kutentha kwakukulu kwa zomwe zili m'chilimwe ndi 20-25 ° C. Komabe, kusinthasintha kwapang'onopang'ono kwa kutentha kwa tsiku ndi tsiku kudzapindulitsa chomeracho.
M'nyengo yozizira, kuti rozi ipume, imasamutsira pamalo ozizira ndi kutentha kwa 10-15 ° C.
Ponena za chinyezi cha mlengalenga, ndiye kuti maluwa amphindi amakhala okonda mvula. Mu malo owuma kwambiri, tchire tingatenge kachilombo ka tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Choncho, muzichita kupopera mbewu nthawi zonse (kamodzi pa masiku awiri). Ngati tchire tili mu chipinda chozizira, ndiye kuti safunikira kupopera mbewu mobwerezabwereza. Ndipo kuchotsa fumbi kumapazi, mungathe kukonza kusamba kochepa.
Ndikofunikira! Pa tsiku lowala kwambiri, yesetsani kusamba madzi mwachindunji pa duwa. Izi zingayambitse kuphulika kwa masamba ndi kukula kwa matenda a fungal.
Kuunikira
Kunyumba kunadzuka, monga zomera zokongola kwambiri, ndi chikhalidwe chokonda kwambiri. Pa nthawi imodzimodziyo, tchire sayenera kutenthedwa, choncho nthawi zambiri amaikidwa pawindo lakumadzulo kapena kumadzulo. Pofuna kuteteza maluwa mwa dzuwa mwachindunji m'nyengo ya chilimwe, ndibwino kuti mutulutse panja (khonde kapena mtunda). 
Ngati izi sizingatheke, ndiye kuti ndibwino kusunthira mphika kuwindo lina kapena kulidetsa.
Poto ndi nthaka
Maluwa amatha kubzalidwa m'mitsuko ya maonekedwe ndi kukula kwake. Chinthu chokha ndichoti pakhale malo okwanira m'mbiya kuti shrub ikhule komanso mpweya umayenda momasuka. Mukuyenera kupeza kusamvana pakati pa kukongola ndi ntchito.
Maluwa aakulu kwambiri, ndi zofunika kuika mu chidebe chachikulu. Mukasankha poto ayenera kuganizira mtundu wa maluwa ndi maonekedwe a mkati. Mwa mtundu wa chidebe, miphika ya matabwa kapena ya ceramic ndiyo njira yabwino kwambiri.
Miphika yapulasitiki imaloledwa, koma ndi ochepa kwambiri odalirika. Nthaka mwa iwo chilimwe imalira mofulumira, zomwe zimabweretsa kufulumira kwa masamba. Ndibwino kukana miphika yadothi - imataya madzi mwamsanga.
Nthaka iyenera kukhala mpweya ndi chinyezi chokhazikika.
Gwiritsani ntchito gawo lapansi zotsatirazi:
- nthaka ya sod (magawo 4);
- humus (magawo 4);
- mchenga (gawo limodzi).
Phika ayenera kukhala ndi ma drainage yabwino kuti chinyezi chitha kudutsa mwaufulu. Komabe, kukula kwake kwa mabowo akuyenera kuti madzi asatulukire mwachangu mofulumira.
Malamulo osamalira
Kenaka, yang'anani momwe mungasamalire maluwa kunyumba. Izi maluwa amakonda madzi kuthirira monga nthaka dries kunja, kudyetsa mu zomera gawo ndi kudulira nthawi yake.
Kuthirira
Kuyamwa madzi a pinki nthawi zonse n'kofunika kwambiri m'chilimwe, pa maluwa ndi kukula. Kuyanika nthaka n'koopsa kwa iwo. Choncho, dulani maluwa mwamsanga dothi likauma (makamaka m'zinthu zing'onozing'ono). Komabe, musapitirize kuthirira ndi kuthirira, dothi mumphika sayenera kutembenuka.
Zingakhale zothandiza kwa inu kuti mudziwe chifukwa chake duwa silinakula komanso kuti zovuta zomwe amaluwa amaluwa amachita nthawi zambiri.
Maluwa okongoletsa amakhalanso okhutira kwambiri, makamaka m'dzinja ndi m'nyengo yozizira. Choncho, ndi kuyima kwa budding, kuchepetsa kuthirira. Kotero, mu funso la momwe mungamwetse rosi mu mphika, izo zimadalira pa zikhalidwe za microclimate.
Kwa ulimi wothirira, gwiritsani ntchito madzi otentha otetezedwa bwino.
Kupaka pamwamba
Popeza madzi akutha miphika mofulumira kusiyana ndi malo otseguka, muyenera kudyetsa dziko nthawi zambiri. Sungani zitsamba milungu iwiri m'chilimwe ndi chilimwe, kusinthanitsa mchere ndi zakudya zakuthupi. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza omwe amaikidwiratu kuti mbeu ya maluwa ikhale yoyenera Sungani feteleza m'madzi musanagwiritse ntchito. 
Ndikofunikira! Musaiwale kuti duwa limayankha bwino kuti lisamalire masiku otentha. Kuwonjezera apo, musamere maluwa atsopano omwe mwangotenga kumene kapena opangidwa kwa mwezi umodzi. Ndizosatheka kudyetsa tchire chodwala.
Kudulira
Kudulira maluwa a kunyumba ndiko kuchotsa chikasu, masamba owuma ndi maluwa ouma panthawi yokula. Chifukwa cha kudulira kwa nthawi yake, chomeracho chidzawoneka chowoneka, ndipo budding idzakhala yoyamba komanso yochuluka. Dulani maluwa ku tsamba loyamba, kuchotsa ofooka zimayambira.
Komanso, tchepetseni nthawi isanafike, kuchepetsani zimayambira mpaka masentimita 10. Siyani masamba 4-5 pa nthambi iliyonse. Mphukira zowonjezereka zingagwiritsidwe ntchito poswana.
Zinthu zoberekera
Maluwa am'nyumba amafalitsidwa ndi kudula. Nthaŵi yabwino yosonkhanitsa pamodzi ikuchokera pa May mpaka September.
Pafupifupi zidutswa zamadzimadzi (pafupifupi 10-15 masentimita yaitali) zimadulidwa kuchokera ku mphukira yosweka ndi secator. Ikani cuttings mu madzi ofunda abwino. Pafupi masamba 3-5 ndi masamba ochepa ayenera kupezeka pa thupi la kudula. Mizu yoyamba imaonekera patatha masabata atatu. Chabwino anayamba cuttings obzalidwa mu okonzeka chonde gawo. Pobzala zomera zazing'ono, gwiritsani ntchito zida zazing'ono (pafupifupi 200-300 ml).
Phunzirani momwe mungamere maluwa kuchokera ku maluwa.
Pakuti bwino rooting wa cuttings kuwonjezera kwa nthaka kukula stimulator "Heteroauxin". Ndi zofunika kuchotsa masamba oyambirira. Ngati chodzala chikachitidwa isanafike nthawi yobisala, chaka chotsatira chitukuko chofulumira ndi maluwa n'zotheka.
Mukudziwa? Dzuŵa lakale kwambiri padziko lonse limakhala likukula ku Germany. Kwa zaka pafupifupi 1000, imamera pafupi ndi makoma a tchalitchi cha Hildesheim.
Mitambo yosamalira maluwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana
Aliyense wolima masewero ayenera kumvetsetsa kuti kulima nyumba yosamalirako ndi kusamalira nyumba kunyumba nthawi zosiyana za chaka ndikosiyana kwambiri ndi kusamalira maluwa a m'munda. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito chidziwitso chanu chokula zomera kumunda ndi koyenera.
M'chaka
M'chaka, masamba ndi nthambi zatsopano zimasonyezedwa pafupi ndi duwa. Chomeracho chimayamba kuthirira mochuluka ndipo chimadyetsedwa ndi mchere feteleza, madzi kuchokera ku zitosi za mbalame kapena mullein.
M'chaka, zomera siziyenera kumverera kuti alibe chinyezi kapena kuwala. Nthawi zina madzulo amapanga sprayed ndi madzi otentha kuchokera ku botolo. Pomwe chitsamba chikukwera pamphika, ndithudi chimakulungidwa mu chidebe chachikulu, kuyesera kusokoneza mizu.
Pambuyo pa masika chisanu ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa kutentha kwa usiku, ndi nthawi yosamutsa mphika ndi maluwa mpweya (m'munda kapena loggia). Chipinda cha nyumba chimadziwika ndi dzuwa lowala pang'ono pang'onopang'ono. Pofika pamapeto pake, duwa limayikidwa mu ngodya yamdima ndipo pambuyo pa masiku khumi ndi asanu ndi awiri (10-14) amasamutsidwa kudera la dzuwa.
M'chilimwe
Malo osungirako chisanu ananyamuka ndi kuthirira nthawi zonse, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, feteleza, komanso kuchotsa mbali zina zotha. Ku duwa sichitha kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa chilimwe, penyani malo a chomera. Ndikofunika kuzindikira zizindikiro za matenda ndi tizirombo.
Mukaona kuti chitsamba chimakula mofulumira, ndipo mphamvuyo imakhala yochepa kwambiri, dikirani madzulo ndikunyamulira rosi kukhala chidebe chatsopano. Ngati duwa likuwonekera pawindo, limangowonekera kuchokera kumbali imodzi, ndiye kuti mwachibadwa limayang'ana dzuwa.
Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti maluwawo akuyendera maluwa, m'pofunika kutembenuza mphika nthawi ndi nthawi. Kupyolera mu njirayi, mumapewa mavuto a chitukuko cha mbewu imodzi.
Dzidziwenso ndi malamulo odyetsera maluwa nthawi zosiyanasiyana.
M'dzinja
M'nyengo yophukira, m'madera otentha otentha (mpaka 15-12 ° C), tulutsani duwa kuchokera khonde kupita kuchipinda ndikuyika pawindo lawindo lakumwera. Pambuyo pa maluwa, yambani kukonzekera chomera m'nyengo yozizira: madzi osachepera (kusiya nthaka youma kwa masiku 1-2 musanayamwe madzi) ndipo pang'onopang'ono musasiye kudya.
Pamaso pa wintering, pangani ndondomeko kudulira chitsamba. Siyani masamba asanu pa mphukira iliyonse, musachotse masamba. Ndizofunika kudulira madzulo. Ngati muphonya kudulira kwadzinja, ndiye kuti nyengo yachisanu, mbewuyo idzaphuka pang'onopang'ono komanso mochepa kwambiri, chitsamba chidzakhala ndi mawonekedwe osasangalatsa.
Ngati simukudula maluwa isanafike, chochitikachi chikhoza kuchitika kumapeto.
M'nyengo yozizira
M'nyengo yozizira, duwa limasiya kukula ndi kutuluka, limangobzala masamba otsala ndikuwoneka okwiya kwambiri. Zima kukonzanso maluwa mumphika ndi kusamalira chitsamba kunyumba kuli madzi osadziwika ndi kupopera mbewu. Dziko likadzauma, duwa liyenera kuthiriridwa patapita masiku awiri okha.
Mlengalenga kutentha kumene chipinda cha rosi chimafunika kuti chisapitirire + 15-17 ° C. Ngati n'kotheka, sungani mphika kuwindo lawindo.
Ndikofunikira! Mu wamba nyumba pafupi wintering chitsamba sayenera Kutentha ndi magetsi zipangizo.
Mu nyumba yomwe ili ndi Kutentha Kwambiri, gwiritsani ntchito njira zotsatirazi:
- ikani maluwa m'nyengo yozizira pakati pa mafelemu;
- musasindikize zenera pazomwe maluwawo adzaphimba mu kugwa;
- gawo la zenera ndi duwa mipanda polyethylene;
- Ikani chidebe pambali ndi miyala yowonongeka kapena miyala ndipo onetsetsani kuti miyalayo imakhala yonyowa nthawi zonse.
Matenda odalirika a maluwa amkati
Chifukwa cha matenda otheka a kukongoletsera ndikumasamalidwa bwino: kutentha kwakukulu kwa mpweya, kutentha kwambiri, kutaya mpweya wabwino m'chipinda.
Werengani momwe mungatetezere maluwa ku matenda komanso zomwe mungachite kuti muteteze.
Maluwa ang'onoang'ono m'nyumba amatha kukhala ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- Malo a Leaf - matenda a fungal, akuwoneka ngati mawonekedwe aang'ono a mdima pa masamba. Patapita nthawi, masamba okhudzidwawo amatembenukira chikasu ndipo amachotsedwa. Matendawa makamaka amapezeka ku maluwa achikasu. Kuwotcha kumachitika mumkhalidwe wa chinyezi. Mukamwetsa chomera, yesetsani kupewa madzi kuti asalowe m'masamba. Chotsani masamba onse opatsirana. Polimbana ndi matenda, gwiritsani ntchito sopo kapena ma fungicides ("Topsin", "Fundazo").
Onaninso zomwe powdery mildew ndizoopsa kwa maluwa ndi momwe mungagwirire nazo.
- Mame a Mealy. Ndi matendawa, masamba, zimayambira ndi masamba zimaphimbidwa ndi ufa woyera. Masamba aang'ono angasinthe mawonekedwe. Mame a mealy kawirikawiri amapezeka chifukwa cha kusinthasintha kwa kutentha kwafupipafupi. Nkhondo yolimbana ndi matenda ndi kuchotsa mbali zonse zakuwonongeka kwa chitsamba ndi mankhwala ndi fungicide.
Choncho, chisamaliro cha maluwa okongoletsera sichikupangitsani mavuto ambiri. Kukula chomera ichi mu miphika ndi njira yabwino yopangira wanu mini maluwa munda.
Mukudziwa? Mu mankhwala, ananyamuka mafuta ofunikira amapewa ndi kuteteza chimfine ndi matenda a chimfine, kuwongolera kugona, komanso kuchepetsa dzino. Kuonjezera apo, maluwa okongolawa ali ndi malo osokoneza bongo ndipo amathandiza kwambiri pamtima. Mu cosmetology, duwa imagwiritsidwa bwino ntchito popanga zokometsetsa, mavitamini ndi mafuta obiriwira - imaphatikizidwa pafupifupi pafupifupi mafuta onse a mafuta (pafupifupi 98%).
