Tamarix ndi mtengo wokongola kwambiri, wotsika kapena chitsamba chotumphukira kuchokera ku banja la Tamarix. Nthambi zabwino kwambiri zimakutidwa ndi maluwa ambiri ang'onoang'ono okhala ndi mitundu yambiri omwe amapereka korona wa mbewuyo airness. Kwa munda wotentha wa dzuwa, tamarix ikhala yankho labwino kwambiri. Imadzaza mpweya ndi fungo labwino, kusangalatsa diso ndi kukula kwa zingwe komanso kupirira chilala chambiri. Chidacho chitha kupezekanso pansi pa mayina "chisa", "bead", "Astrakhan lilac" ndi "jengil". Ndi yolimba, imamera m'mipululu ndi mapiri a Asia Little, Southern Europe ndi Africa. Tamarix saopa dothi lamchenga lamchere.
Makhalidwe a botanical
Tamarix ndi mbewu yobiriwira nthawi zonse kapena yobzala yokhala ndi mizu yamphamvu. Monga mpesa wakuda, amathamangira pansi mosiyanasiyana m'njira zosiyanasiyana kukafunafuna madzi ndi michere. Kutalika kwakukulu kwa mtengowo ndi 3-5 m, nthawi zina pamakhala mitengo mpaka 12 m kutalika. Mitundu yazomera imakhala ngati mtengo kapena shrubby. Kutalika kwa thunthu sikupitirira masentimita 50. Njira zambiri zoonda zimapangidwa kuchokera ku mphukira yayikulu ndi nthambi zammbali.
Masamba ofanana ndi masikelo ang'onoang'ono ndi achitetezo a 1-7 mm. Amapaka utoto wobiriwira, emarodi kapena mtundu wabuluu ndipo amakhala oyenera kutsutsa. Zilonda za saline zilipo pa masamba.
Nthawi yamaluwa amitundu mitundu ya tamarix imachitika nthawi zosiyanasiyana. Maluwa oyamba amawonekera mu Meyi pa tamarix yamphamvu zinayi. Anamasula tamarix limamasula mu Ogasiti-Sepemba. Maluwa pamitengo yayifupi kwambiri amasonkhanitsidwa ndikuwopsezedwa kapena kuwonongeka kwa inflemose inflorescence pa mphukira za zaka 1-2 za moyo. Ngakhale masamba osasweka amakhala okongoletsa kwambiri. Monga ngati zingwe zazing'ono kwambiri zamitundu ya pastel, zimamatira kumitengo.
Maluwa a bisexual 1.5-5 mm kutalika amakhala ndi ovoid kapena mabulangete okhala ndi mawonekedwe. Pansi pawo pamakhala matumba ozungulira a 4-7, opentedwa ndi pinki, lofiirira, ofiira kapena oyera. Pakatikati pake pali mafilimu a 4-6, omwe ali okhazikika pamunsi pa stamens okhala ndi maatomu okhala ndi mtima komanso ovary yokhala ndi mzati wopambanapamwamba.
Pambuyo pakuvundukuka, nthambi zimaphikidwa ndi zipatso zazing'ono - mabokosi a polyram pyramidal okhala ndi njere zambiri. Mbewu iliyonse imakhala ndi chikhulupiriro. Pambuyo pakucha, mabatani amatseguka ndipo mphepo imanyamula nthangala zazing'onoting'ono pamtunda wautali.
Mitundu ya tamarix
Mitundu ya genus ili ndi mitundu pafupifupi 60 yazomera. Nayi ena a iwo:
Tamarix ndi nthambi. Shrub yokhala ndi kutalika kosaposa 2 m imakhala ndi korona wowonda, wokhazikika. Nthambi zimatha ndi mphukira zoonda zobiriwira zokutidwa ndi masamba opyapyala a awl mpaka 1.5 mm kutalika. Mu June-Seputembu, maluwa apinki amatulutsa maluwa ndi maluwa. Zosiyanasiyana:
- Rubra - wokutidwa ndi maluwa ofiira owala;
- Pink Cascade - m'nkhokwe zobiriwira zowoneka bwino ndi maluwa a pinki;
- Chilimwe Chilimwe - chokhala ndi ma rasipiberi inflorescence.
Tamarix ndi yapamwamba. Chitsamba chachikulu chophukira mpaka 4 m kutalika chimakhala ndi nthambi zanthete. Amakutidwa ndi khungwa losalala lofiirira lomwe limakhala ndi mawanga a bulauni. Lanceolate kapena kugwirizanitsa timapepala timasiyana kutalika ngakhale pa chomera chimodzi. Zikuyenera kulimbana ndi nthambi. Limamasula mu Meyi, kusungunula inflemose inflorescence mpaka 5 cm. Maluwa ofiira otuwa amapitilira chilimwe chonse.
Tamarix ndiwosokonekera. Chitsamba chachikulu chomwe chimawoneka ngati mtengo wokhala ndi mitengo ingapo yambiri chimakula kutalika kwa 5-10 m. Mphukira zokhala ndi masamba zimakutidwa ndi makungwa ofiira. M'mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi, zithunzi za maluwa opepuka a pinki omwe amakhala ndi miyala yozungulira komanso yayitali yokhala ngati chibonga imatsegulidwa. Masamba ndi owonda, koma kutalika. Ali penti wobiriwira wowala.
Tamarix Meyer. Mtunduwu sulekerera chisanu, choncho ndioyenera kulimidwa kokha kum'mwera. Ndi shrub yomwe imamera ndi khungwa lofiirira, lomwe limakula kutalika kwa 3-4 m. Masamba a Scaly ali pafupi ndi nthambi. Zapakidwa utoto wonyezimira. Mwezi wa Meyi, maofesi owaza amtundu wotulutsa maluwa amatulutsa mabulashi mpaka 10 cm. Amakhala ndi maluwa ang'onoang'ono okongola a pinki.
Kubzala mbewu
Tamarix imafalitsidwa ndi njere ndi njira zamasamba. Kuti tikuze mbande yolimba komanso yolimba kuchokera ku njere ndizovuta kwambiri, pamafunika kulimbikira, zinthu zobiriwira komanso nthawi yayitali. Mbeu zimataya kumera pakatha miyezi 4 chikupanga, chifukwa chake zimafunika kufesedwa posachedwa. Kuti muchite izi, konzekerani muli ndi dothi lotayirira, lachonde losakanizika ndi mchenga wambiri. Zomera zimabadwa mu kutentha firiji komanso chinyezi chokomera zaka ziwiri zoyambirira. Mu nthawi ya masika ndi chilimwe, miphika imatulutsidwa mumsewu, ndipo nthawi yozizira imayenera kutentha. Tamarixes adabzala panthaka ndi chotumphukira pamunda kuyambira chaka chachitatu.
Kufalitsa zamasamba a tamarix kunali kodziwika kwambiri. Ndikofunika kudula zodula mukugwa. Nthambi zazing'ono zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kutalika kwa 8-10 masentimita. Mukangodula, zodulidwazo zimayikidwa mu chidebe chamadzi ofunda mpaka primordia ya mizu yoyamba itawonekera. Kenako mbewuzo zimabzalidwa pamchenga wa peat pamakona. Amasungidwa m'chipinda chowala bwino. Tikuyika malo osaloledwa mpaka Meyi-June. Isanayambe nyengo yachisanu, ndikofunikira kuti mulchike bwino dothi pafupi ndi tamarix ndi masamba a peat komanso masamba.
Kubala kwabwino mwa kukhathamiritsa. Kuti muchite izi, nthambi yolimba yolimba imakumba pansi mpaka masentimita 20 ndikuyikika mosamala. Mukamachita izi mu April, mizu yolimba imayamba kutha chilimwe chisanathe. Kuthawa kumatha kudzipatula ndikukuika kumalo okhazikika.
Kutenga ndi kusamalira
Tamarix ndi chomera chosakhazikika, chopatsa chidwi. Amakonda kuwala, motero muyenera kubzala zitsamba pamalo abwino owala, otseguka. Mu mthunzi komanso ngakhale pang'ono, kukula kumachepera kwambiri ndipo mbewuyo ikhoza kufa.
Simalola mikanda ndi dothi lolemera. Zoyambitsira zimapangidwa kasupe. Nthaka yokuda kwambiri amakumbidwa ndi peat ndi mchenga. Wowuma lapansi umasakanizidwa ndi laimu. Dzenjelo limapangidwa mozama kwambiri kotero kuti pilo yonyika yopangidwa ndi miyala kapena miyala ndiyika pansi. Kuti muzitha kusintha, mbewuzo zimathiridwa manyowa nthawi yomweyo ndikufesa.
Kuyambira m'masiku oyamba, kuthirira kuyenera kukhala kochulukirapo, koma pang'onopang'ono kumachepetsa. Tamarix wamkulu safuna chisamaliro chokhazikika, itha kuvulaza. Mutha kuyiwala za mtengowu komanso kutentha kokhazikika, makamaka nthawi yamaluwa, nthawi zina madzi. Nthawi yonseyi, mtengowo umaperekedwa mokwanira ndi mvula yachilengedwe.
Kwa boma lotentha, tamarix ndiyonso yotsika. Simakutidwa ndi kuwotcha dzuwa, komanso imalimbana ndi chisanu chambiri (mpaka -28 ° C). Malo ochepa okhala dothi komanso maziko a thunthu ndi nthambi za spruce ndi masamba okugwa ndikokwanira kwa iye. Ngakhale nsonga za mphukira ziundana, zimasinthidwa mwachangu ndi mphukira zazing'ono.
Chinyezi chachikulu chimangowononga mbewu. Kuchokera pamenepo, mwayi wodwala matenda owola ndi matenda ena oyamba ndi fungus ukuwonjezeka. Ngati tamarix imamera panthaka yachonde, kuvala kumodzi kwapakatikati kwamapeto kumamukwanira. Ndikofunika kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa la phulusa ndi mullein kapena ndowa.
Kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino, imafunika kuidulira nthawi zonse. Ndikofunika kudulira kumayambiriro kasupe, isanayambike kutuluka. Nthambi zakale zimadulidwa mphete. Pakangotha mwezi umodzi amadzakutidwa ndi mphukira zazing'ono ndi maluwa pachigoba chokongola. Zitsamba zimakonda kukulira, motero ndikofunikira kuchotsa mbali ina yanthambi.
Tizilombo ta Tamarix sikuti tikuukira. Pokhapokha ngati pali chomera china chowopsa kwambiri pafupi ndi apo, majeremusi amatha kupita ku nthambi za mikanda. Koma matenda oyamba ndi chinyezi m'malo oyaka kapena kusefukira kwamvula m'nthaka kungakhudze tamarix. Kupewa kwabwino kwambiri ndikusamalidwa koyenera komanso kukonza malo owuma. Ngati ndi kotheka, chithandizo chokhazikika ndi fungicides chimachitika. Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa ziyenera kudulidwa mwankhanza ndi kuwotchedwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito tamarix
Mitengo yamalitali yokongola ya tamarix ndi yabwino pakuwoneka patali. Zomera zimabzalidwa mozungulira pafupi ndi malo achisangalalo, kapena m'magulu omasuka. Kuyambira tamarix mutha kupanga mpanda wabwino kwambiri kapena chitsime chokongola, chopanda nthambi zamiyala pakatikati pa udzu. Mabasi ndi mitengo yotsika imayenda bwino ndi juniper ndi ma conifere ena. Tamarix amathanso kubzala pafupi ndi barberry, lilac kapena jasmine. Kubzala zitsamba pamalo otsetsereka, mutha kuletsa kugwa kwa nthaka ndikulimbitsa nthaka. Nthawi yamaluwa, mbewuyo ndi mbewu yabwino kwambiri ya uchi.
Tamarix imadziwikanso chifukwa cha mankhwala ake. Makungwa ake ndi masamba amakhala ndi ma tannins, polyphenols, tannins ndi utoto wa utoto. Masamba, nthambi zazing'ono ndi inflorescence zimakolola m'chilimwe. Zodzikongoletsera ndi zomata zakumwa zimapangidwa kuchokera kwa iwo, zomwe zimatengedwa ngati diuretic, diaphoretic, analgesic, hemostatic komanso astringent. Komanso, ndi thandizo lawo, mutha kuchepetsa zizindikiro za kutupa m'mimba, kuukira kwamitsempha, kutsegula m'mimba ndi kusiya kutaya magazi.
