Mtedza wa mandimu uli ndi mitundu yambiri, ndipo zambiri zomwe zimapindulitsa thupi lathu. Omwe amapeza bowa amadziŵa za zonse zomwe zingatheke, chabwino, tsopano tidzamvetsera zomwe zikugwiritsidwa ntchito, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ndi moyo, komanso kukuuzani momwe mungasonkhanitsire, kukolola ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malo okhala m'nkhalangoyi.
Malongosoledwe a zomera
Polypores, kapena trutovik - oimira gulu losagwirizana ndi bokosi la basidiomycetes. Amakula pa nkhuni, koma nthawi zina pansi.
Manyowa awo ndi tubular, matupi a fruiting ali oweramitsa pansi, a sessile kapena a mnofu, pogwiritsa ntchito zamkati kuchokera ku minofu mpaka zolimba.
Mphamvu yamtengo wapatali ndi kalori
100 g ya mankhwalawa ali ndi 22 kcal, komanso:
- mapuloteni - 3.09 g;
- mafuta - 0,34 g;
- Zakudya - 3.26 g
Mankhwala amapangidwa
Kuphatikiza pa mapuloteni ambiri ndi zakudya, pali mapulogalamu ambiri, mavitamini a gulu B, selenium, phosphorous, potassium, zinki ndi manganese.
Mankhwala
Zochiritsira za bowa ndi zochuluka:
- chotsitsa;
- antivayirasi;
- chowoneka;
- chithandizo;
Mitengo yowonongeka imakhala ndi: blue cyanus, udzu wamsana, zonunkhira pectinus, zokometsera, masamba ofanana ndi maonekedwe a siliva, log, oregano, chowawa chowawa, juniper, bruise, birch, heather, ndi devil.
- chotsutsa;
- machiritso owonda;
- kukonzanso;
- diuretic;
- anti-yotupa.
Kusonkhanitsa ndi Malamulo Ogulidwa
Bowa wamphongo akhoza kukolola chaka chonse, koma chinthu chachikulu ndi chakuti amakula pa mitengo yamoyo. Bowa ayenera kusamalidwa bwino pamunsi pa mtengo. Musaiwale kudula kutsetsereka ndi kukula kuchokera kwa mpeni. 
Kukonzekera kumalimbikitsidwa kuchita tsiku la kusonkhanitsa, monga bowa izi zimafulumira kwambiri. Kawirikawiri amauma pamphika kapena m'malo abwino.
Zingathenso kukolola ngati mawonekedwe amchere, omwe amawasungira m'firiji, kapena ngati mawonekedwe a ufa wothira mu galimoto kapena galasi lina. Njira ina - kuundana. Kenaka bowa ikhoza kuonjezerapo mwayi wa miyezi isanu ndi umodzi, kapena mpaka chaka.
Ndikofunikira! Pogwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa, onetsetsani kuti mukutsatira kapepala, ngati simungathe kuwonapo zotsatira zotsatira zake: kumutu, kupwetekedwa mtima ndi kusanza.
Ntchito
N'zotheka kugwiritsa ntchito bowawa pazinthu zamankhwala, komanso mu moyo wamba. 
Mu mankhwala
Mothandizidwa ndi bowa, matenda osiyanasiyana amathandizidwa:
- chilonda;
- zotupa zosiyana;
- matenda a mtima;
- kudzimbidwa;
Kulimbana ndi vuto ngati kudzimbidwa kumathandizanso: gentian, chard, sage, zoumba ndi chamomile.
- zovuta za chiwindi;
- matenda a chikhodzodzo;
- chibayo, matenda otchedwa bronchitis, chifuwa chachikulu;
- mphukira;
- gout ndi ena
Kuphatikiza apo, amathandiza kuchiritsa mabala, komanso mbali ya maphikidwe olemera komanso osagona.
M'moyo wa tsiku ndi tsiku
M'masiku akale, tinder ankagwiritsidwa ntchito monga tinder (wick), kuyatsa moto ndi icho. Iwo anapanga zipewa ndi zovala zina, zinakhala mtundu wa chilengedwe. 
Lero, bowa awa amagwiritsidwa ntchito poweta njuchi ngati mafuta kwa wosuta. Amagwiritsidwanso ntchito popanga zithunzithunzi, zomangamanga, zokopa.
Mukudziwa? Ojambula ena masiku ano amagwiritsa ntchito mapepala apamwamba omwe ali ndi ndodo yopangidwa ndi nyumba, kudula mu bowa. Mu chida ichi, mutha kusintha mawonekedwe ndi kukula kwa ndodo yolemba podziwa kwake. Inde, ndipo m'malo mwake ndikukhala ndi chatsopano, sizinthu zambiri, pitani kuthengo. Okhulupirira amakhulupirira kuti pakadali pano, mizere yokopa imakhala yowonjezera komanso yambiri.
Udindo wa bowa m'moyo wa mtengo
Ma polypores amaonedwa ngati tizilombo toyambitsa matenda omwe timapweteka ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Ngati atulukira kale pamtengo, ndiye kuti chomeracho chidzawonongedwa, popeza n'zotheka kuchotsa (prophylaxis yokhayo ingathandize kupewa maonekedwe).
Pali zinthu ziwiri zomwe mungachite: kudula mtengo, kudula chitsa ndi kuchiwotcha, kapena kudula bowa nthawi zonse, kusokoneza malo omwe akuwonekera. 
Ngakhale kuti sitinganene kuti maonekedwe a ojambula zithunzi ndi zovuta zapadera. Inde, pambali imodzi, amawononga nkhuni pamtengo wathanzi, amawufooketsa, pambali inayo - amalowerera kuwonongeka kwa nkhuni zakufa, ndikusandulika kukhala humus.
Tinder bowa
Nkhumba za bowa izi zambiri. Tsopano ife tikuuzani inu za oyimira ake aakulu.
Larch (weniweni)
Larch, kapena, monga amatchedwa, "weniweni" - mtundu wothandiza kwambiri. Icho chiri mu inedible, koma mankhwala. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi anthu odwala zakudya zapamwamba omwe amagwira ntchito ndi odwala omwe ali ndi vuto la kuchepa kwa magazi. Amagwiritsanso ntchito kudzimbidwa ndikugwiritsa ntchito kuti asiye magazi.
Malingana ndi mawonekedwe, bowa awa ndi abwino. Mbali zawo zimakhala za masentimita 5 mpaka 40, makulidwewa ndi masentimita 5 mpaka 20. Iwo ali pamwamba pamtunda. 
Flat
Ndi bowa losatetezeka, lomwe limangokhala pamtengo wakufa (makamaka mabotchi stumps). Amatchedwanso bowa la ojambula, chifukwa pamene atsekedwa ndi mpeni, chidindo cha mdima chimakhalabe chomwe chikoka.
Mitunduyi imakhala yaikulu kwambiri, imakhala yaikulu mpaka mamita 40-50. Pamwamba pa kapu yake imakhala ndi matte, ndipo imawonekera maonekedwe ouma, mtundu wake umasiyana ndi mtundu wofiira wofiira mpaka wofiirira. 
Fufuzani mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa.
Varnished (Reishi)
Palibe mankhwala owopsa pa subspecies. Malinga ndi izo, amapanga zodzoladzola zothandiza (mwachitsanzo, khungu ndi misomali), komanso amagwiritsiridwa ntchito kubwezeretsa thupi lonse ndi kuyeretsa chiwindi, chomwe chimayambitsa kuyeretsa khungu ku zitsamba zosiyanasiyana.
Mtundu wa kapu wake umakhala wofiira mpaka wofiira-wofiirira, ndipo nthawi zina umakhala wakuda ndi chikasu chachikasu. Ili ndi phokoso losalala lomwe limafanana ndi chobvala cha lacquer. 
Umbrella
Bowa ali ndi diuretic, antitumor, antibacterial ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo. Zimathandizanso kuwonjezeka kwa tsitsi. Zitsanzo zazing'ono zimadya, zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mwatsopano, mchere, zophika, zouma.
Kunja, zimakumbukira kwambiri bowa wa oyster. Amakula nthawi zambiri pansi pa mitengo ikuluikulu. Thupi lake ndi loyera, lodziwika ndi fungo lokoma la mtedza ndi bowa. 
Sulfure Yellow
Muzophika, mtundu uwu makamaka umagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kugwiritsira ntchito kwake nthawi zonse kumachepetsa mafuta m'thupi ndi shuga m'magazi, normalizes mkhalidwe wa mtima wamagetsi. Ali ndi mankhwala oletsa tizilombo toyambitsa matenda komanso odana ndi zotupa. Amadyetsanso nthawi zambiri amalowetsa nkhuku nyama.
Ndikofunikira! Pophika, mungagwiritse ntchito zitsanzo zazing'ono chabe, kukula pa mitengo ya coniferous, ndiyeno pokhapokha muwotchi!
Kawirikawiri amakhala pansi pamtunda pa mitengo ikuluikulu kapena stumps. Nyama yawo ndi yofewa komanso yowutsa mudyo, m'malo mwake imakhala yofooka, yoyera, yovunda mu kukoma. 
Zima
Bowa wosadziwika. Ngakhale kuti mabuku ena amanena kuti akhoza kudyedwa, koma chipewa ndi bowa basi. Zoona, ngakhale zili zosasangalatsa kwenikweni, n'zovuta kunena kuti ndi bwino kuphika.
Chipewa chake chiri chofiirira, chozungulira, ndi malo opsinjika maganizo komanso ovuta. Malamulo - owoneka bwino, osowa. Thupi ndi loyera, lolimba. 
Anasokonezeka
Bowa wosadetsedwa komanso ngakhale poizoni. Ndiwopseza phulusa (imayambitsa nkhuni zowola). Pamwamba pa zipewa zazing'ono ndizofiira-lalanje, ndiye zimakhala ndi mtundu wosiyana-kuchokera ku-bulauni-bulauni. Manyowawo ndi obiriwira, ndi ofewa pamwamba ndi pamphepete mwa chipewa. 
Tikukulangizani kuti muphunzire zambiri za zowonjezera zowonjezeka, chanterelles, poplar ryadovkah, boleti bole, boletus, aspen udzu, white podgruzdkah, boletus, boletus, ceps, honey agaric, boletus, wave.
Mtsuko
Komanso inedible subspecies. Iwo amalingalira mopanda phindu pachabe. Kapu ikhoza kukhala ya masentimita 5 mpaka 25 mmimba mwake. M'magulu aang'ono, iwo ali achikasu-ofiira, mu zitsanzo zazikulu - bulauni wolemera, pafupifupi wakuda. 
Mutu wa tsitsi
Lili ndi zinthu zomwe zimakhala ndi maantibayotiki ndi zochita zotsutsa. Zimathandiza kuchiza matenda a pulmonary, kuthetsa malungo, kuthandiza minofu ya minofu kuti ipeze. Kuphika, sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito.
Thupi lake ndi loonda, loyera, ndi kulawa kowawa. Nkhumba zazing'ono zingakhale ndi fungo lochepa. Miphika yayitali - mpaka 6 mm kutalika. 
Zimasintha
Komanso inedible. Zimakula pa nthambi zakugwa zakugwa. Zipatso mu chilimwe ndi autumn. Mitundu ya zipatso za subspecies ndizochepa. Chimake cha chipewacho sichiposa masentimita asanu 5. Ndi minofu yokhala ndi magawo opyapyala, a mtundu wachikasu kapena ocher. Msola ndi wautali, woonda, wakuda kapena wakuda. 
Birch
Malinga ndi mankhwala ake ofanana ndi olepheretsa. Amamera pa mitengo ya birch, chifukwa chake ili ndi dzina. Zabwino ngati antispasmodic. Kuwonekera kumafanana ndi impso zazikulu za chimanga cha brownish. Brown wovunda, umene amabala, mwamsanga "amapha" mtengo.
Mukudziwa? Mankhwalawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochita gawo lotsiriza la khansa pamene mankhwala alibe mphamvu. Birch tinder akhoza kuletsa kukula kwa metastases ndi kuchepetsa ululu. Zikatero, supuni imodzi ya bowa ufa imatsanulira 400 ml ya madzi otentha ndi yophika kwa mphindi 20, kenaka iphwanyika ndi kutenga supuni imodzi katatu patsiku.
Tikukupemphani kuti muwerenge momwe mungamire, pickle, kufungira bowa.
Mvula
Bowa sungatheke. Thupi lake la chipatso liri mu mawonekedwe a zikhomo zowonongeka, nthawi zambiri zambiri, zachikasu. Ma polypores akuda kwambiri amapangidwa makamaka pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya dead alder, mosiyana - pa birch. 
Multicolored
Pofuna mankhwala, amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri: pofuna kuthetsa chiwindi ndi kukonzanso kwa odwala khansa, bowa ali ndi zochitika zowonongeka, zosamalitsa komanso zowonongeka. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mowa, komanso ngakhale mankhwala a herpes.
Zipewa za subspecieszi zimakhala pafupifupi masentimita 10. Pamwamba mwagawidwa m'magawo osiyanasiyana: woyera, imvi, bulauni amalowetsedwa ndi buluu ndi pafupifupi wakuda. 
Scaly
Dzina lina ndi motley. Kwenikweni, bowa amawonjezeredwa ndi mafuta onunkhira pamalumiki, osteochondrosis, arthrosis, mitsempha ya varicose. Iye ndi bowa wochuluka wa congster oyster. Zimasiyana ndi izo pokhapokha poti pansi pa chipewa chake alibe mbale, koma timachubu. 
Cinnabar Red
Bowa uwu sungatheke. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zitsamba kuchokera ku zinyalala zosiyanasiyana, popeza zili ndi lactose, zomwe zimawononga lignin. Malingana ndi momwe zimakhalira, izi ndi bowa wamchere wolemera masentimita 3 mpaka 12. Zitsanzo zazing'ono za mtundu wofiira wa cininar, koma okhwima amatha ndipo amakhala pafupi ndi mtundu. 
Zosangalatsa
Ma subspecies awa alibe. Dzina lake lachiwiri ndi zonunkhira. Chigawo chake ndi fungo losangalatsa. Thupi la chipatso ndi lofiira lofiirira. Kawirikawiri imakula bowa ili pamitengo yakugwa ndi mitengo yodutsa ya mitengo ya coniferous. 
Humpback
Kuphika, sikunagwiritsidwe ntchito, koma mu mankhwala - inde. Amakhala ndi anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor ndi antiviral katundu.
Ziphumba zake ndi zowonongeka (nthawizina zosagwirizana), ndizomwe zimakhala zosalala, zomwe zimakhala ndi zaka zambiri. Nthawi zina matupi a zipatso amadzala ndi algae, chifukwa amapeza chobiriwira chobiriwira. Mapira amawoneka ngati nkhumba - nthawi zambiri zoyera, nthawi zambiri - zachikasu. 
Wopanga zovala
Imakhala ndi nkhumba zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu deta. Chovalacho n'chosasunthika komanso chosasangalatsa. Ma spores ake ndi oyera, ndi mthunzi wofiira wa azitona kapena utoto.
Ma subspecies amatha ku mizu ya mitengo, ndipo nthawi zina imakhala yopanda pansi. Zikuwoneka ngati zomwe zimatchedwa fungasi ya nthaka. 
Liverworm
Amatchedwanso "chinenero cha Teschin". Ndi yodzaza ndi vitamini C, 100 g ya zamkati zake - mlingo wa tsiku ndi tsiku wa ascorbic acid. Lili ndi chakudya, mapuloteni, mchere, mavitamini osiyanasiyana, phosphorous. Wachinyamata "Lilime la Teschin" ndi mapepala opangira matabwa ndizodya.
Nthaŵi zina thupi la chipatso limafika pamasentimita 30. Achinyamata amawopsa kwambiri, ndipo akamakhala akuluakulu amakhala ngati lilime, masamba kapena mawonekedwe. Pamwamba pake ndiwonyezimira, yosalala, ndi chinyezi - zomangira.
Ndikofunikira! Zomwe zimayambitsa bowa sizinamvetsetse bwino, choncho musanayambe kulandira chithandizo ndi thandizo lawo, ndi bwino kuonana ndi katswiri.
Monga tikuonera, banja la bowawa ndilosiyana kwambiri. Pali mankhwala komanso zakudya. Ndipo pali zoopsa! Choncho, samalani musanawagwiritse ntchito ndipo onetsetsani kuti mudziwe za katundu wa subspecies. Tikukhulupirira kuti nkhani yathu idzakuthandizani ndi izi.
