Stephanotis (Stephanotis) - duwa lotentha, linapezeka koyamba mu "paradiso" waku Madagascar. Imapezekanso ku Middle Kingdom, Land of the Rising Sun ndi Islands Islands.
Chifukwa cha mawonekedwe ndi kununkhira kwa masamba, adalandira dzina lotchedwa "Madagascar jasmine."
Kufotokozera
Stefantis yemwe amagwira ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali amakhala wa banja la Lastonev, amakula mpaka 6 m.
Maonekedwe a maluwa:
- Tsamba limasinthasintha komanso kukhazikika mu chomera chaching'ono;
- Masamba ndi akulu mpaka 12 cm, ali ndi mawonekedwe owondera ndi nsonga yakuthwa komanso mtsempha wowala pakati. Masamba osalala, achikopa, amarimu kapena masamba okhala ndi mawonekedwe okongola kwambiri, okhala ndi zodula zazitali.
- Maluwa - okhala ndi miyala isanu, amawoneka ngati nyenyezi, yosungidwa m'mabrashi. Zoyera, zofiirira kapena zachikasu, zimatulutsa fungo labwino.
- Zipatso sizimawoneka nthawi zambiri, ngakhale zachilengedwe, ngati bokosi la magawo awiri lomwe lili ndi nthangala, zomwe zimatseguka mutakhwima ndipo mbewu zimatuluka ngati zipatso zazing'onoting'ono.
Mawonekedwe pagome
Mitundu yotchuka kwambiri paulimi wamkati:
| Dzinalo | Mawonekedwe |
| Floribunda (maluwa ambiri). | Maluwa oyera, okwanira masentimita 6, amafanana ndi nyenyezi mawonekedwe. |
| Variegate kapena mosagate. | Amasiyana mu utoto wamtambo - imakhala ndi mikwingwirima ndi oyera, achikasu kapena obiriwira. Masamba amazunguliridwa pang'ono. |
| Akuminata. | Ili ndi maluwa achikuda. |
| Grandiflora. | Ili ndi zazikulu kuposa mitundu ina ya inflorescence ya maluwa 30. |
| Thorsia. | Ili ndi zokulirapo kuposa mitundu ina ya inflorescence ya maluwa 30, pinki. |
Malamulo osamalira chisamaliro - matebulo
M'nyumba, kusamalira chomera chotentha ichi sikophweka, zimatenga nthawi yambiri ndikuwonetsetsa. Kuti duwa likhale labwinobwino nthawi zonse za chaka komanso ngati likukula bwino, nyengo zofanana ndi malo ake otentha zimafunikira.
| Magawo | Zofunikira |
| Malo ndi Kuwala | Kuwongolera kulikonse. Mchenga ndilofunika kumwera. Kumpoto - kuunikira kwanyumba. |
| Kutentha | M'chilimwe - kuyambira +18 mpaka +24 С, nthawi yozizira - kuchokera +14 mpaka + 16С. |
| Kuthirira | M'nyengo yozizira - 1 nthawi m'masiku 7, m'chilimwe - 1 nthawi m'masiku atatu. Musatulutse madzi ndikusintha kwa nthaka. |
| Chinyezi | Mpweya wonyowa umakondedwa, kapena chofukizira chiyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. |
| Dothi | Makamaka turf-turf ndi deciduous dziko, mchenga, humus. Mulingo woyenera kwambiri wa acidity kuyambira 5.5 mpaka 6.5 ph. |
| Thirani | Zokwanira nthawi 1 muzaka ziwiri. |
| Mavalidwe apamwamba | Feteleza okhala ndi potaziyamu. |
| Kuswana | Mwina kudula kapena mbewu. |
Kuwala, kutentha, kuthirira ndi chinyezi - pofika nyengo
Kuti duwa likhale labwino, muyenera kupanga zotsatirazi:
| Nyengo | Kuwala | Chinyezi | Kutentha |
| Kasupe / chilimwe | Onjezerani kuwala kozungulira. Valani zenera lakumwera chakumwera kapena kumwera chakum'mawa. | Chomera chimafuna chinyezi. Njira yotsanulira uyenera kuchitidwa tsiku lililonse, kupatula ingress ya madzi akutsikira. Kuphatikiza apo gwiritsani chinyontho kapena ikani chinyontho chonyowa pa pallet. | Kutentha koyenera kumachokera ku + 18 ° C mpaka + 24 ° C, popanda kusintha kwadzidzidzi. Tsiku lililonse muyenera kupatsirana malo omwe dimba limamera. |
| Kugwa / yozizira | Titha kukhala kumbali yakumwera popanda kuwombera pazenera. Ikani zowunikira zowonjezereka kuti ziwunikire kwa maola 12 kapena kupitirira. | Panthawi yotentha, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi madzi ofunda kumafunika. Kutentha kwambiri m'chipindacho, nthawi zambiri. Ndikofunika kupukuta masamba ndi nsalu yonyowa. Osagwiritsa ntchito kupukutira. | Kutentha koyenera m'chipindacho kumachokera ku + 14C mpaka + 16C, koma osachepera + 13C. Zosangalatsa ndizabwino kuyika masamba. |
Mphika, dothi, kufalikira, thandizo
Kuti mubzale ndi kuyala mbewu, muyenera kutsatira zotsatirazi:
Mphika
Kwa mipesa yayikulu, mphamvu ziyenera kusankhidwa makamaka.
Miphika yodula yokhala ndi bowo lamadzimadzi lotha kugwira maluwa ambiri otentha, makamaka maluwa.
Kukula kwake kuyenera kukhala kwakukulu pang'ono kuposa kuchuluka kwa mizu.
Dothi
Mu thanki momwe Stefanotis imakulira, ngalande zokhala ndi masentimita atatu ndizofunikira.
Nthaka yake:
- peat kapena humus (3/7);
- mchenga (2/7); dziko lokhathamira (1/7);
- dongo-turf dziko (1/7).
Musanagwiritse ntchito, osakaniza awa ayenera kutetezedwa.
Thirani
Ndikofunikira kuti ndikutulutsa mpesa womwe umakula mwachangu kawiri pachaka. Duwa la achikulire - osaposa kawiri zaka zitatu zilizonse. Zizindikiro zakuthilira ndi mizu yomwe yawonetsedwa kuchokera mu dzenje la madziwo, ngati gawo loyambalo litayamba kuuma mwachangu kuposa kale. Kuika ndi bwino kuchitidwa kuyambira mwezi wa February mpaka nthawi yakukula.
Duwa limasinthidwa ndi transshipment kusunga umphumphu wa mizu yomwe imamwa chinyezi.
Magawo akuluakulu a njirayi:
- Ikani ngalande pansi pa thankiyo, mudzaze ndi dothi.
- Sinthani mosamala liana mu chidebe chatsopano. Ngati mizu yawonongeka, onjezani chowonjezera pa kukula kwa mizu kumadzi wothirira.
- Onjezani dothi mumphika ndi chomera ndikuthiririra. Ndikofunikira kudikira mpaka madzi ochulukirapo atuluka mu poto, mutatha kukhetsa.
Chofunika: Osasunthira liana panthawi yamaluwa.
Prop
Stephanotis, yopindika komanso kukula mwachangu, iyenera kuthandizidwa. M'malo achilengedwe, liana ili limazungulira kuzungulira chinthu kapena chomera chapafupi.
Kusunga tsinde, chinthu chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri chimakhala ngati chipilala, chomwe chimatha kupangidwa ndi waya wamphamvu. Waya amayenera kuwongoka ngati arc ndikuyika mumphika. Mutha kupanga mapangidwe ena kapena kugula mapulasitiki okonzedwa kale.
Mavalidwe apamwamba
Stefanotis amayenera kudyetsedwa kamodzi masabata awiri aliwonse, makamaka pakupanga masamba (kuyambira Epulo mpaka Meyi). Ma feteleza ovuta omwe ali ndi kuchuluka kwa potaziyamu akulimbikitsidwa.
Feteleza ndi nayitrogeni amawononga maluwa.
Duwa ndi zipatso
Nthawi yamaluwa yamkati mwa stephanotis ndi nthawi yotentha kapena yoyambilira. Maluwa mu inflorescence a pafupifupi zidutswa 10. Madagascar jasmine ndi chomera chowoneka bwino. Kupukutira kwa kupanga kuyenera kuchitidwa ndi bulashi yabwino yojambula, kusamutsa mungu kuchokera ku maluwa ena kupita kuma pisitili a ena.
Chofunikira: Simufunikanso kuyika mpesa wamaluwa m'chipinda chogona kapena chachipinda cha ana, chifukwa kupuma kwakanthawi kake ka fungo lake labwino kumatha kuyambitsa kupweteka kwam'mimba.
Zipatso za Stefanotis zimacha kwa miyezi 9. Zipatso zimatha kufika 10 cm, woyamba kubiriwira, kenako kutembenukira chikasu ndi makwinya. Mbewu zikacha, zipatso zimaphukira ndipo mbewu zimatuluka. Chipatso chilichonse chimakhala ndi mbewu 100. Mbeu iliyonse imakhala ndi parachute yoyeserera, mothandizidwa nayo imatha kuwuluka mumphepo yayitali. Kusunga nthangala zisanakhwime, thumba la kapron liyenera kuyikidwa zipatso.
Kuswana
Stefanotis imatha kufalitsidwa m'njira zingapo:
- ndi mbewu;
- kudula.
Mbewu
- Zilowerereni kwa masiku awiri.
- Konzani chidebe ndi nthaka kuti mubzale. Kusakaniza kosasakaniza peat ndi mchenga (50/50) ndi koyenera ngati dothi.
- Dzazani chidebe ndi dothi ndi kunyowa musanafesere.
- Kanikizani njere mu gawo lapansi.
- Phimbani chidebe ndi mtsuko wagalasi ndikuyika kuwala. Kutentha kuyenera kukhala pa pafupifupi + 26C.
- Mukamaliza kuyanika, nyowetsani nthaka ndi botolo lothira popanda kupopera. Chotsani chofundira chotsika kuchokera kugalasi ndi chopukutira.
Mbewu zimamera pakatha miyezi iwiri. Pambuyo pakupezeka masamba achichepere, njirazi zimafunikira kuziika m'zotengera zazing'ono zomwe zimasakanikirana ndi osakaniza.
Chofunikira: Ndikangokhala ndi nthawi yayifupi masana, mphukira zazing'ono zimafunikira kuwunikira.
Kudula
Duwa ndilovuta kwambiri kuzika mizu popanda kugwiritsa ntchito ma phytohormones. Mizu yoyamwa imachitika bwino kwambiri nyengo yamasika ndi chilimwe. Magawo akuluakulu a njirayi:
- Kukolola odulidwa - pang'ono opatsa ulemu, ndi masamba awiri. Choyezeracho chimayenera kupangidwa 2 cm pansi pa mfundo ndikuthandizidwa ndi Kornevin.
- Sulani zidutswazo zakonzeka mu chidebe ndi mchenga, ndikuzama ndi 1.5 cm, kuphimba ndi galasi.
- Mizu imachitika ndi kutentha pang'ono komanso kuchepa kwa nthawi, zimatenga milungu itatu.
- Pambuyo pozula mizera ndi maonekedwe a masamba ndi mphukira zatsopano, zikumera ziyenera kuziika mu zotengera mpaka masentimita 9. Ikani pamalo opepuka, pomwe kutentha kumachepetsa + 18C. Kutentha kovomerezeka usiku - mpaka + 14C.
- Zomera zokhazikitsidwa bwino zimafunika kuti zibzalidwe mumiphika yambiri.
Zilakwitsa, Matenda ndi Tizilombo - Gome
Chifukwa cha chisamaliro chosayenera, Stefanotis amataya kukopa kwake ndipo amasiya kuphuka.
| Zolakwika | Kuwonetsera | Momwe mungathetsere, kupewa |
| - Zojambula, dontho lakuthwa mu kutentha. | Masamba amagwa. | Ikani duwa kutali ndi zokongoletsa pa kutentha kwambiri. |
| - Palibe kuwala kokwanira. - Madzi othirira okwanira. - Kutentha kwambiri. | Masamba amatembenukira chikasu ndikugwa. | - Ikani maluwa poyera. - Madzi ndi madzi omwe akhazikika kwa maola osachepera 24. - Ngati kwatentha, onjezani chinyezi. |
| - Nitrogeni wambiri. - Palibe kuwala kokwanira. - Chomera chikupuma. | Kodi sikuti pachimake. | - Musakhale onenepa ndi asafe. - Gwiritsani ntchito phytolamp. - Pakupuma, ikani pamalo abwino. |
| Kuperewera kwa zakudya. | Wachepetsedwa kapena kusiya kukula. | Feteleza wa maluwa, makamaka nthawi yamasamba. |
| - Zojambula. -Kusowa madzi okwanira. - Kusintha kwa malo. | Masamba akuwa. | - Pewani kukonzekera, kuyanika dothi, kusunga chinyezi pang'ono. - Osapotoza kapena kusuntha nthawi yamaluwa. |
Kusamalira kosagwira bwino kumafooketsa maluwa, ndikupangitsa kuti itengeke mosavuta ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
| Tizilombo ndi matenda | Kuwonetsera | Chithandizo | Kupewa |
| Muzu ndi maziko a tsinde zowola. | Mizu, tsinde limadetsedwa, kuwola. | Matendawa amachiritsidwa atangoyamba kumene ndikusintha maluwa kukhala gawo lokonzedweratu ndikuchotsa mizu yowola, chithandizo ndi Fundazole. | - Kugwirizana ndi maulamuliro othirira. - Kutulutsa dothi. - Kupewa kukonzekera komanso kusintha kwa kutentha. |
| Powdery mildew | Poyambilira - kuyamwa kwamaso okhala oyera pamasamba. Pang'onopang'ono, masamba ochokera kumbali zonse amakhala oterera, amasintha ndi photosynthesis yachilendo. Zotsatira zake, amauma. Kenako duwa limwalira. | Gulani masamba omwe akukhudzidwa. Chitani chomera ndi mankhwala enaake, mwachitsanzo, Fundazole. Osapopera masamba nthawi ya chithandizo. Popewa kapena kumayambiriro kwa matendawa, mutha kuwachitira ndi njira ya potaziyamu permanganate - 2,5 g pa 10 malita a madzi. 3 zokha zimamera kamodzi masiku angapo. | - Yang'anani boma lothirira. - Ikani maluwa pamalo otentha. |
| Udzudzu wa bowa | Ngozizo zimayimiriridwa ndi mphutsi za tizilombo zomwe zimadya pamizu yaying'ono yamaluwa. | Mutha kulimbana kupopera Raptor pafupi ndi duwa. Potsutsa mphutsi za udzudzu, wodya ntchentche amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Kuti mankhwalawa ali ndi nthawi yochitapo kanthu, simuyenera kuthirira nthaka masiku 5. | - Pewani acidization nthaka, tsatirani malamulo ndi dongosolo la kuthirira. - Tengani tizilombo tokhala ndi misampha yomata kapena kuopetsa fungo la zipatso. |
| Ma nsabwe | Kuphatikiza shuga pamasamba, ndiye kuti amapunduka ndikufa. | Kukonzekera kwapadera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito motsutsana ndi tizilombo: Aktara, Actellik, Decis. Kuchitira duwa ndi mankhwalawa, kubwereza pambuyo masiku 7. Ndikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyanasiyana. Ngati kuwonongeka kwakukulu, kubwereza njirayi katatu. Pachizindikiro choyamba, ndikokwanira kutsuka masamba ndi madzi ofunda. Zotsatira zabwino zimapezeka ndi chithandizo ndi sopo. | Sungani chinyezi mokwanira mmalo momwe duwa limamera, chifukwa nsabwe za m'masamba zimapezeka m'mphepo yamadzi. |
| Chotchinga | Imadyera pamadzi a maluwa. Zotsatira zake, masamba amasanduka achikasu ndikugwa, duwa lokha limafa. | Chitani chomera ndi kukonzekera, mwachitsanzo, Fitoverm, kangapo. Kukonzedwa kumachitika kamodzi pa sabata mpaka kuchotsedwa kwa zomalirazo. Chomera chomwe chawonongeka ndi nkhanambo, muyenera kuyiyika mosiyana ndi zina zonse. Pukuta masamba ndi yankho la sopo ochapira kapena njira yofooka ya viniga. | Mukamaliza kuchotsa tizilombo, yang'anani mbewuyo nthawi ndi nthawi kuti ilipo, chifukwa zitha kuonekeranso. |
Zizindikiro
Pafupifupi bango lililonse lanyumba limakhala ndi zikhulupiriro, zikhulupiriro, komanso zabodza. Ndizovomerezeka kuti, kulowa munyumba, umafalitsa mphamvu yake mozungulira. Pali zikhulupiriro pokhudzana ndi duwa Stefanotis. Malinga ndi m'modzi mwa iwo, izi zimateteza nyumba ya mkazi kwa amuna (mwachitsanzo, kuteteza mkwatibwi). Wina, m'malo mwake, akuti chisamaliro chabwino chimakopa wokwatirana naye m'moyo wa alendo kapena chogwirizana chomwe chilipo. Ndipo maluwa ake, omwe amapezeka kawirikawiri, amakhala otchuka. Palibe zodabwitsa kuti amatchedwa "maluwa a mkwatibwi."
Makamaka sayenera kuwerengera nthano ndi maula ozungulira maluwa, makamaka zotsutsana. Muyenera kungokumbukira kuti mbewu iyi yomwe ili ndi fungo labwino komanso mawonekedwe akunja ili ndi madzi owopsa. Izi sizikhudza mabanja mwanjira iliyonse ngati poyizoni sakalowa mthupi.
Ndikofunikira kuti Stefanotis asamathe kufikira ana ndi nyama ndikugwira naye ntchito m'manja.
