Kodi ndi mitundu iti yotchedwa yozizira? Izi ndi maapulo omwe amatha kupitirizabe m'nyengo yozizira, pamene mavitamini amafunika kwambiri kuposa kale lonse.
Awa ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yozizira yozizira. Iset Late.
Kufotokozera kwathunthu za zosiyanasiyana ndi zithunzi, werengani nkhaniyi.
Ndi mtundu wanji?
Maapulo awa ndi awa chifukwa cha nyengo yozizira Sverdlovsk Experimental Station Kulima.
Zamoyo zosiyanasiyana zidapangidwa ndi dokotala wa sayansi yaulimi. L. A. Kotov mwa kudutsa mitundu ya amber ndi Wopatsa.
Mtengo wa Apple umayamba kubala zipatso m'chaka chachisanu.
Zipatso zipse m'nyengo yoyambirira kugwa (maapulo achotsedwa kumapeto kwa September) ndikupitiriza mpaka masika (ulendo wa February).
Vityaz, Zvezdochka, Zavetny, Lada ndi Krasa a Sverdlovsk komanso amitundu yachisanu ndi nthawi yokolola.
Kusiyana zabwino transportability. Oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ngati mawonekedwe a "chirengedwe," ndi mawonekedwe a kupanikizana, kupanikizana, madzi, vinyo.
Iyenera kufotokozera mwachidule tebulo lamakono yosungirako (zidzafotokozedwa mu nkhani yapadera) - i.e. ndendende momwe angasungire (cellar, ndowa, mabokosi, etc.).
Tiyenera kukumbukira kuti maapulo awa Kutetezeka pamaso pa nkhanambondipo pambali, ngati maapulo onse, ambiri kutenga zofukiza.
Ngati zimasungidwa m'dzenje, ndiye kuti sipangakhale masamba ena ndi masamba - izi zimapangitsa maapulo kukhala osadetsedwa. Mukhoza kusunga mabokosi kapena zidebe, opanda utuchi ndi pepala, mkati mwa kutentha kuchokera 0 mpaka madigiri 44.
Kuwongolera
Kenako Isetskoe amatanthauza mtundu wa samobedplodnyh. Amafuna mtanda pollination. Mukhoza kubzala pafupi ndi mitundu ina yonse yozizira-yolimba.
Zima-mitundu yolimba ndi monga: Gorno-Altai, Granny Smith, Uralets, Orlovskoye Polesye ndi Altai Rumyany.
Kufotokozera kwa kalasi ya Isetsky mochedwa
Malingana ndi zizindikiro zakunja, kufanana kotereku kumakhala kofanana kwambiri ndi "mayi" - zosiyanasiyana "Wopatsa".
Mtengo ndi wosiyana wamtali wamkati, nyengo yozizira. Chiwonongeko cha Crohn.
The mphukira ndi sing'anga wandiweyani, bulauni, wozungulira pa odulidwa.
Masamba ali ndi matte wonyezimira wobiriwira, mzere wozungulira, wamtundu wamfupi.
Mfundoyo imakhala yochepa, imasonyezedwa. Maluwawo ndi ang'onoang'ono, ophika, oyera ndi pinkish tinge, nthawi yaitali stamens ndi stigmas wa pistils.
Apulo yaying'ono (kawirikawiri sichiposa 100 g), mwamphamvu kwambiri pamtengo, uli ndi mawonekedwe a kondomu yamtengo wapatali, kukwapula kumakhala kofooka. Khungu limakhala ndi tani yofewa komanso mafuta oundana m'nyengo yozizira; mapuwa ali ndi tebulo lotchulidwa lokoma lokoma.
Chithunzi
Mbiri yobereka
Mpaka zaka za m'ma 1900, munda wa Siberia sunali wambiri. Kawirikawiri, anthu owerengeka sanagwiritsidwe ntchito, kupatulapo okondedwa awo omwe anabala mitengo ya zipatso kuchokera ku mbewu ndi mbande zomwe zimabweretsa kuchokera kumadera ofunda.
Izi zinapitirira mpaka kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 1930. Chipatso cha Ural Zonal ndi Berry Station ndi kumpoto kwa Union.
Cholinga cha obereketsa ku Ural ndiye mpaka lero ndi chisankho ndi kuswana zipatso za zipatso zomwe zingakhale bwino mumkhalidwe wovuta wa Urals ndi Siberia ndipo ngakhale kugwira ntchito mwakhama, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo mutsutsa zotsutsana, monga nkhanambo.
Ndi ochita kafukufuku a Ural omwe ali ndi mangawa a dzikoli kuti apange mitundu yosiyana yokolola, yonse yonyezimira ndi yotsekemera, yowala, yodzaza. mavitamini C ndi R.
Oral breeders anabala, mwachitsanzo, Uralets, Nastenka, Anis Sverdlovsk, Altai Crimson ndi Belfleur Bashkir.
Komanso makamaka mitengo ya apulo yobiriwira, yomwe Zipatso zikhoza kufika 250 g
Ngakhale anthu okhala kumpoto kwa peatlands sanapitirize "zipatso za paradaiso" - zomwe zimatchedwa "mitundu ya madzi".
Ndilipakatikati, kukula zosaposa 80 g maapulo okhala ndipadera yolimba yozizira.
Chimodzi mwa zofunikira kwambiri posachedwapa za opanga Ural - kuswana winter hardy mitundu saopa nkhanambo. Ngakhale pa epiphytotic nthawi, amabala zipatso ndipo samasowa chithandizo ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo osiyanasiyana.
Zotsutsana ndi mtundu wa nkhanambo monga Winter Beauty, Marina, Antonovka wamba, Bogatyr ndi mwana wa Melba.
Komabe, izi sizitchulidwa panthawi ya Isetsky - izi sizotsutsana ndi nkhanambo.
Kukula kwachilengedwe kudera
Malingana ndi Register Register ya Breeding Achievements, angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'midzi ndi m'dera la Volga-Vyatka. Ku "malo" a maapulo awa makamaka Perm, Chelyabinsk, Kurgan, Sverdlovsk, komanso Udmurtia. Pali mbali zina Chigawo cha Volgo-Vyatkakoma kawirikawiri.
Chifukwa chodzala m'madera amenewa, mitundu ndi yabwino kwambiri: Rennet Chernenko, Snowdrop, Pepin Safironi, Ural Bulk ndi Solntsedar.
Pereka
Mtengo umayamba kubereka zipatso pa code yachisanu pambuyo budding, amadziwika ndi mkulu zokolola, kutentha kwakukulu ndi kulekerera kwa chilala, kuchuluka kwa kusasitsa kwa nyengo (yozizira).
Maapulo achotsedwa kumapeto kwa September.
Nthawi yosungirako ndi kumwa ndi masiku 150.
Kubzala ndi kusamalira
Konzani zochita za mlimi mukamabzala - chinsinsi chokwera bwino mmera, ndipo kumuthandiza mosamala kumathandiza kuti mukolole bwino.
Bzalani bwino kumapeto - kumapeto kwa April ndi kumayambiriro kwa mwezi wa May, panthaka imene yatuluka ndikuthazula pambuyo pachisanu. Kumayambiriro kwa sapling Ndikofunika kumwa madzi nthawi zambiri komanso mochulukakotero kuti mizu siuma.
Dzenje ndi nthaka zakonzedwa pafupi masiku asanu ndi awiri isanayambe kubzala mbewu. Ndi nthaka yabwino Kutalika kwakukulu sikudutsa 60 cm. Ngati dothi limakhala lofunika kwambiri, fossa iyenera kukhala masentimita khumi chakuya.
Nkhumba imayikidwa mkatikati mwa dzenje, mapeto ake - omwe amalowa pansi - ayenera kuwotchedwa. Izo sizidzamulola iye kuvunda.
Gombe lamadza ndi chisakanizo cha: kompositi, humus, organic fetereza, peat, manyowa, pamwamba.
Pakatikati muli dzenje, pomwe dothi laling'ono lakuda limathiridwa, ndiyeno mmera wabzalidwa.
Wotsirizirayo amangirizidwa ku cola kuti asapezeke mvula yambiri.
Dzenje lotsatira wodzaza ndi zidebe zitatu kapena zinayi zamadzi ndipo ataphimbidwa ndi dziko lapansi.
Kusunga mitengo ya apulo fruiting ndi kugonjetsedwa ndi kuzizira, 3 makilogalamu a maapulo pa mita imodzi ya square ayenera kuchapidwa pamtengo. masamba. Pochita izi, wolima munda ayenera kuyang'anira zipatso za kucha ndipo azichotsa nthawi.
Apo ayi, "ana" adatuluka mwa "mayi" mphamvu zonse ndi overwintering yachizolowezi, ndipo fruiting awo mwinamwake sangakhalenso. Motero, magawo awiri pa atatu a mtundu wa apulo ayenera kuchotsedwa.
Njira ziwiri: Pukuta maluwa ndi manja anu kapena kupopera ndi 0,7% yankho la soda phulusa.
Zomalizazi zimakhala mofulumira kwambiri, koma zotsatira zake zimakhala zovuta kwambiri - mtengo umayambitsa njira yowonzetsera mofulumira masamba omwe amawotcha ndi soda. Ndicho chifukwa chake mitengo yotereyi imapereka zoposa ma kilo awiri a maapulo - motsutsana ndi zisanu kuchokera ku mitengo, kumene njira "yopangira" idagwiritsidwira ntchito.
Chofunika kwambiri ndi nthawi yochotsa maapulo. Kotero kuti mtengo uli ndi nthawi yokonzekera nyengo yozizira ndipo maapulo akhala akusunga kukoma kwawo, sikutheka kuchepetsa kukolola kwa chipatso. Iset it late makumi asanu ndi awiri.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Kuwonjezera apo //selo.guru/ptitsa/bolezni-p/gribkovye/parsha.html, mitundu yozizira imayesedwa ndipo zovuta zoterozo zimakhala zoopsa njenjete.
Polimbana nalo, mtengowo umapopedwa: zothetsera karbofos (pafupifupi 90 g / 1l madzi), rovikurt (10 g pa lita imodzi) kapena benzophosphate.
Ndiyenso dendrobatsillin ndi bitoxibicillin. Ngati nkhanambo idawonjezeredwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, Bordeaux madzi amalowetsedwa ayenera kuwonjezeredwa.
Mtengo wa apulo ukhoza kumenyana ndi Tsamba lofiira. Kulimbana nalo kumagwiritsa ntchito chimodzimodzi karbofos kapena mankhwala a sulfa.
Matenda ochepa ndi oopsa bacteriosis. Ngati simukulimbana nawo, mtengo wa apulo ukhoza kufa nthawi imodzi. Kuti muchite izi, nkofunika kudula nthambi zomwe zakhudzidwa, ndikugwira pafupifupi masentimita asanu ndi atatu mphambu asanu ndi atatu.
Malo odulidwa ayenera kutetezedwa ndi tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi peresenti imodzi ya mkuwa wa sulphate.
Musaiwale za tizirombo ngati chipatso cha sapwood, silkworms, haws, migodi ya migodi. Kuteteza nthawi yake kumathandiza kusunga zokolola.
Zomera za mazirazi zimakondwera ndi zipatso zabwino, zokoma, ngakhale nyengo yozizira, chifukwa cha izi muyenera kutsatira malamulo - musakhale aulesi, chomera mmera moyenera ndikusamalira mtengo wa apulo popanda kuwonjezera zipatso.
Ndipo, ndithudi, yesani mosamala, kumbukirani kuti zosiyanasiyanazi zimakhala zovuta kwa tizirombo ndi nkhanambo.
