Matsenga a holly ndi amtundu wa Magonia m'banja la Barberry. Malo omwe mbewuyi idabadwira ndi madera akumadzulo kwa United States. Idafalikira mpaka ku Europe ndi madera ena padziko lapansi mkati mwa zaka za m'ma 1800. Mosiyana ndi barberry, palibe minga pa mahonia, chifukwa chake idalimidwa ndi chikhumbo chachikulu. Chomera chachilengedwe chonsechi sichiyenera kusamalidwa mosamalitsa. Ndilidi mphatso kwa munthu kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Zitsamba zobiriwira zonenepa nthawi zonse zimakongoletsa mundawo ndi maliseche odzola ndi maluwa onunkhira. M'dzinja, mahogany amasangalala ndi kukolola kwa zipatso, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuphika ndi mankhwala achikhalidwe.
Kutanthauzira kwa Botanical
Mahogany osabisalira ndi chitsamba chophukira chachitali pafupifupi mita 1. Mphukira zowongoka, zokhala ndi nthambi zimakhala ndi mtanda wozungulira wozungulira mainchesi. Nthambi zimakutidwa ndi khungwa lofiyira. Ndi m'badwo, imakhala ndi mtundu wa bulauni ndi ming'alu.
Pa kutalika konse kwa nthambiyi pali masamba ovuta, osinja ndi masamba mazana asanu ndi atatu a masamba. Kutalika kwa masamba owaza ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Pamalo obiriwira obiriwira timasiyanitsa mawonekedwe amisempha. Kumbuyo kuli chopepuka, matte pamwamba. M'mphepete mwa masamba, zopumira ndi ma denticles amawoneka.
M'mwezi wa Epulo-Meyi, maluwa a mahonia amapezeka. Momwe panicle inflorescence amapangidwira kuchokera axils masamba a achinyamata mphukira. Maluwa ocheperako achikasu amakhala ndi broker 9 ndi ma petals asanu ndi amodzi. Pakatikati pake pali stamens ndi pestle.
Mu Ogasiti-Sepemba, zipatso zimacha pamtchire. Zipatso za buluu zakuda zokhala ndi madontho a buluu zimasonkhanitsidwa m'magulu. Kutalika kwa mwana wosabadwa sikupitirira 1 cm, ndipo m'lifupi ndi 8 mm. Pakhungu lomwe limakhala ndi pachimake, khungu lalifupi limawoneka. Mu zamkati zotsekemera komanso zowawasa zamchere pali nthangala za 2-8. Iliyonse yaiwo imakutidwa ndi khungu losalala.
Mitundu yotchuka
Pali mitundu pafupifupi 50 yamtundu wa mahonia. Zina mwazo zimachokera mwakapangidwe ndipo zimangokhala mchikhalidwe chokha. Odziwika kwambiri ndi mahoni osadziwika. Chitsamba chachitali pafupifupi mita imodzi chimakula ndikukula. Pa mphukira zowongoka za utoto wonyezimira, masamba osatupa opita kutalika kwa 50cm.Masamba otenthedwa amakhala ngati masamba opindika, kutalika kwake ndi masentimita 15 mpaka 20. Mu theka lachiwiri la kuphukira, nsonga zodzala ndi zisoti za chikasu inflorescence, ndipo patatha miyezi iwiri zimasinthidwa ndi masango ang'onoang'ono zipatso zamtambo wakuda. Mitundu yokongoletsa:
- Apollo - chakumapeto, tchire mpaka 1 mita kutalika lakutidwa ndi masamba obiriwira, koma pofika Ogasiti amapaka utoto wamkuwa.
- Golide - pamasamba obiriwira obiriwira pamtunda pali malire achikasu m'mphepete.
- Atropurpurea - mbewuyo imapanga zitsamba zozungulira ndi mainchesi 60. Kuyambira koyambilira kwa nthawi yophukira, masamba obiriwira amduwa. Maluwa owala onunkhira bwino akutuluka mu Meyi, ndipo pofika Ogasiti, zipatso zakuda ndi zamtambo zimacha.
- Motley - masamba owala chaka chonse atazunguliridwa ndi mzere woonda wozungulira mbali.
Magonia ikukwawa. Kutalika kwa kachitsamba kokwawa ndi masentimita 25-50. Pa petiole iliyonse ndimakhala ndi masamba masentimita 3-7 kutalika kwa masamba a masamba. Mu nkhwangwa za mphukira zazing'ono, maluwa achikasu achikasu mpaka masentimita 3-7. Pambuyo pake amasinthidwa ndi zipatso zakuda za pubescent.
Mahonia achi Japan. Kugawidwa kokha mu chikhalidwe, m'minda ya China ndi Japan. Mtengowo uli ndi mitengo yotalika mpaka 4 m. Korona imakhala ndi mphukira zowongoka ndi njira zingapo zoyambirira. Masamba akulu osatupa amakhala pa petioles mpaka masentimita 45. Mbale zamasamba ndizowongoka pang'ono. Kumalekezero a zimayambira wandiweyani wachikaso inflorescence 10-20 masentimita amapangidwa.Chikho chilichonse chokhala ndi mandala achikasu m'mimba mwake ndi 6-8 mm. Imakhala ndi fungo lokoma lomwe limatikumbutsa kununkhira kwa maluwa a m'chigwacho.
Magonia Fremonti. Chitsamba chofika mpaka 3 m chimapanga korona wonenepa. Masamba ooneka ngati mazira kapena otambalala okhala ndi mbali zokutira alijambulidwa ndi kuwala kobiriwira ndi fumbi lamtambo. Nsonga za mphukira zimakongoletsedwa ndi kuwala kwa chikasu inflorescence. Pambuyo popukutira, zipatso zofiirira zofiira.
Njira zolerera
Mahatchi abowa amafalitsidwa ndi njere, kudula ndi kuyala. Mbewu zofesedwa mutakolola, pomwe zimataya kumera msanga. Mu Seputembala, mbewuzo zimagawidwa m'mabokosi okonzedwa ndi chisakanizo cha mchenga-kuya mpaka 5mm mm. Kuti muthe kusintha nthawi yozizira, mabokosi okhala ndi mbewu amasungidwa m'chipinda chozizira. Mphukira zimawonekera pofika Meyi, ndikuwoneka masamba enieni a 3-4, mbande zamadzi, koma kupitiliza kukula msipu. Kubzala panthaka kukonzekera chaka chachinayi cha moyo wa chomera.
Kuti tipeze zambiri zam'minda zomwe zimasunga mitundu yambiri ya matumbo a matchire komanso kuphuka mwachangu, ndikofunikira kuzika mizu. Amadulidwa kumayambiriro kasupe ndi mphukira zathanzi. Chigawo chilichonse chizikhala ndi impso zisanu ndi zitatu. Mizu imachitika mu dothi lopepuka, lachonde, m'malo obisika. Zidutswa zimabzalidwa vertically, ndikuzama mpaka m'munsi 2 masamba. Ndikofunika kuti pakhale chinyezi chambiri ndikumanyowetsa nthaka nthawi zonse.
Nthambi yaying'ono ya chitsamba chachikulire imakankhidwira pansi kuti izike mizu. Mizu yathunthu ikapangika ndipo mbewuyo ikaphuka mphukira zatsopano, imatha kudzipatula ku chitsamba chachikulu ndikuchiika pamalo okhazikika.
Nthawi zina tchire limapereka mizu yomwe ingagulitsidwe nthawi yomweyo. Zomera zotere zimamera mwachangu ndipo zimaphuka chaka chotsatira, koma si mitundu yonse yomwe imatha kufalitsa mwanjira imeneyi.
Kukula Zinthu
Kukula mahoni pachikhalidwe pabanja ndikosavuta. Mtengowu ndi wochotseka komanso wokometsa. Imatha kuzolowera moyo wamunthu ndikukhalabe ndi mawonekedwe okongola.
Maganizo a Holly amatha kukula m'malo otseguka kapena mumthunzi wocheperako. Mitundu yamitundu yosiyanasiyana imafunikira kuunikira kwabwino kwambiri. Mabasi nthawi zambiri amaloleza chilimwe chotentha komanso nyengo yachisanu, koma amafuna kuti atetezedwe.
Kubzala ndi kufalitsa mahegany zipatso mu April. Pofuna kuti tisawonongeke, muyenera kupulumutsa mtanda wakale. Dothi liyenera kukhala ndi acidic reaction ndikukhala opepuka kokwanira. Mutabzala, pamwamba pa mtengowu mumadzaza ndi manyowa owola kapena kompositi. Asanayambe maluwa, kuvala kwapamwamba pamtundu wonse (nitroammofoska, Kemira Universal) kuyenera kuwonjezedwa kunthaka.
Magonia imavutika ndi chilala pang'ono, koma imatha kuvutika ndi kusefukira kwa nthaka. Ngati mvula nthawi zina imagwera nthawi yotentha, ndiye kuti mbewuyo safunanso kuthirira. Ndi chilala chachitali, tchire zimamwetsedwa milungu iwiri iliyonse.
Kwa nthawi yozizira, tikulimbikitsidwa kuti mulch nthaka ndi utuchi, udzu wosemedwa, masamba agwa kapena singano. Ngati chisanu, chisanu chisanu chikuyembekezeredwa, ndizoyenera kuphimba tchire lonse ndi zinthu zopanda nsalu. Chapakatikati, panthawi ya chipale chofewa, chimanga chambiri chimakhala ndi chinyezi m'nthaka. Mizu yake imatha kuvunda ndipo mbewuyo idzafa. Kuti mupewe izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kuphimba dothi lomwe lili mizu ndi polyethylene.
Maluwa atakwaniritsidwa, mutha kubzala pang'ono mphukira kuti muwapatse mawonekedwe omwe mukufuna. Popeza mphukira yaying'ono imakula nthawi yayitali, amayamba kudulira ana 10 atabzala. Kudula sikuloledwa kupitirira theka la nthambi, apo ayi maluwa sangachitike chaka chamawa.
Matenda ndi Tizilombo
Ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, powdery mildew, mizu zowola, dzimbiri ndi matenda ena am'mimba amatha kukhala pa mahonia. Kuti muchotse matenda, madera omwe akukhudzidwawo amathandizidwa ndi yankho la fung fung.
Masamba olimba pafupifupi samakopa tizilombo. Ngati mbewu yomwe idagwidwa ndi tiziromboti ili pafupi, ndiyothandiza kuthira mbewu zonse zapafupi ndi tizirombo.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mahonia
M'mapangidwe. Mothandizidwa ndi zokongoletsera tchire la mahogany, mutha kuchita chiwembu chazomwe muli nazo. Ndizoyenera kugawa gawo kapena kupaka matayala. Madyera akuda ndi ma inflorescence achikasu amayenda bwino ndi maluwa kapena primroses. Mabasi okhala ndi masamba owala ndi oyenera rockery kapena munda wachilengedwe. Amagawanidwanso pansi pa mitengo yayitali. Komanso mahoni amathanso kukongoletsa ma bouquets ndi nkhata za tchuthi.
Pokaphika. Zipatso za magonia holly zimatheka. Amatha kuwotcha mwatsopano kapena kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mchere, masaladi ndi mbale zina. Kulawa, amafanana ndi barberry. Zipatso zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga kupanikizana kapena zakudya. Vinyo wonunkhira komanso wokonzedwa bwino amakonzedwanso kuchokera ku zipatso.
Mu wowerengeka mankhwala. Zipatso ndi mphukira za mahonia zimakhala ndi mphamvu yopenya. Alkaloid Berberine, omwe ali mkati mwake, amathandiza kulimbana ndi matenda otsatirawa:
- kutsegula m'mimba
- matenda a chiwindi
- kulephera kwaimpso;
- rheumatism;
- psoriasis
- gout
- kusayenda kwa bile.
Mankhwala. Zodzikongoletsera ndi zakumwa zoledzeretsa kuchokera ku chomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mkati ndi kunja.
Pazogulitsa zovala. Zipatso zophwanyika za mahonia zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati utoto wachilengedwe wamtambo wabuluu. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga denim yoyamba. Masamba a Shrub amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupota utoto wobiriwira. Kuti mutenge tint yachikasu, kutumphuka ndi mizu ya mahogany imaphwanyidwa ndikuwaphika m'madzi ochepa.
