Ponena za nsungwi, timapereka chomera chakum'mwera chosafunikira kwenikweni pa zochitika zathu.
Komabe, pali mitundu ndi mitundu ya nsungwi, yomwe siopa mantha otentha ndipo imakula bwino pamtunda.
Kodi chomera ndi chiyani choti chikule - kambiranani m'nkhaniyi.
Kodi nsungwi ndi chiyani?
Bambo osungunuka ndi banja lalikulu la mbewu, zomwe zimapezeka zoposa zoposa 1,000. Zonsezi ndizobiriwira, pafupifupi zonse zimakula kukula. M'banjamo pali zinyama, zinyama zokwera ndi nthambi kapena kukwera nthambi ndi zomera zokhala ndi mphukira zakuda.
Pofuna kukongoletsera, amakhalanso ndi tirigu monga pennisetum, miscanthus, mchira wa horsetail, fescue, cortaderia, udzu, udzu, buluu ndi bango la minnows, imperator cylindrical, bristles, pike soddy.
Mitundu yambiri imakonda nyengo yam'madera otentha ndi madera otentha, nkhalango zowirira, zina zimakula ndikumakhala zovuta, mwachitsanzo, ku Kuril Islands, m'mapiri a Himalaya ndi Andes kumalire ndi mapiri a chipale chofewa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito chomeracho ndi zosiyana kwambiri, mbali zake zosiyanasiyana zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makampani awa:
- mankhwala;
- chophika;
- kumanga;
- kulima (kumangidwe kwa malo);
- makampani;
- makampani opangira zinthu (haberdashery, zinthu zapanyumba, zipangizo, nsalu);
- zopangira zopangira.
Mukudziwa? Anyani a Japan amapangidwa kuchokera ku mapesi a nsungwi pogwiritsa ntchito zovuta kupanga. Masiku ano, zipangizo zamakono zomwezi zimapanga masewera a anyezi.
Zida
Bambowa ali ndi zinthu zambiri zomwe zimasiyanitsa ndi zomera zina:
- mphamvu zodabwitsa za zimayambira. Mufuna kwake kuti amere, amatha kuphwanya mwala umene amapeza panjira;
- kukula mofulumira Chiŵerengero chokwera kwambiri ndi cha phyllostachis madake mitundu - 120 masentimita pa tsiku;
- kuphunzira kochepa kwambiri. Mitundu yambiri imakhala yochepa kamodzi pakatha zaka 20 mpaka 60, koma onse amatha pachimake kamodzi ndikufa mwamsanga pambuyo pa fruiting. Zoona, mbali yokha pamwamba pa chomerayo imatha, ndipo rhizome ikhoza kuwonjezera mbadwo watsopano.
Mitundu ndi mitundu ya nsungwi
Taganizirani zochititsa chidwi kwambiri pakukula zomera za banja lino.
Saza
Bambowa sagwirizana ndi kuzizira, zomwe zimafala ku Japan, Korea, Sakhalin, ku Kuril Islands, m'mapiri a ku China.
Zokhazikika, zowonjezera, zowoneka pansi, zimakula kufika mamita atatu. Tsinde la mtundu wonyezimira, pafupifupi mamita awiri m'lifupi mwake, amanyamula ndi nthambi imodzi ndi masamba kumapeto.
Phunzirani momwe mungagawire zomera zokongola.
Chipinda cha Leaf - Mpaka mamita mita, yaitali, ovali. Pofika m'dzinja, m'mphepete mwa masamba amauma. Mphuno kawirikawiri, inflorescence - whisk, yokhala ndi ziphuphu.
Saza amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga madengu ndi mipando yowala, mu ulimi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza nthaka pamtunda ndi m'mphepete mwa mitsinje.
Mitundu yowonjezereka ya sazi yomwe ingakulire pakatikati pa latitudes mu nthaka yotseguka:
- Kuril;
- Wich;
- yaitali.
Fargesia
Fargesia, yemwe anachokera ku China, amapezeka pamapiri ake. Kuyambira kale, ngati nsomba zonse, zimakula kuchokera mamita mita kufika mamita awiri, zimakula ngati chitsamba. Mphukira ndi yoonda, malingana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya brownish, yobiriwira kapena yofiira.
Onani mndandanda wa zitsamba zokongola kwambiri za m'munda.
Mphukira zambiri zimakhala ndi nthambi zomwe zimakhala ndizitali komanso zopapatiza. M'nyengo yophukira, masamba amakhala achikasu. Zimasinthidwa kuti tifike, kutentha kutentha kufika mpaka -30 ° C, fargesia ndi yodabwitsa, kapena m'malo mwake, mitundu yake ndi iyi:
- "Eisenach";
- "McClure";
- "Nymphenburg".
Phillostahis
Phyllostachis imakula pamadzi, koma osati nthaka yamchere ku China, Japan, Europe, Crimea, America. Imodzi mwa mitundu yopanda kuzizira, ingathe kupirira kutentha mpaka -18 ° C. Amamera mapeyala, omwe amakula kufika mamita makumi awiri, amakhala pakati pa mamita 15 cm. Mphukira zazing'ono zimakhala zobiriwira kwambiri, pamene zimakalamba, zimakhala zachikasu.
Onetsetsani mndandanda wa zitsamba zabwino zokongola za mabedi.Masamba ndi opapatiza komanso otalika, pafupipafupi petioles. Mtundu uwu ndi mbiri ya kukula. Maluwa, omwe ali ndi zaka 50, inflorescences - fluffy panicles.
Mitundu yambiri ndi mitundu ya filostahis:
- "bissetii";
- "nigra";
- "aurea";
- "Mafuta Obiriwira".
Mukudziwa? Kuyambira masamba a phyllothachis "bisset" amamwa tiyi wokoma komanso wathanzi.
Playoblasts
Mitundu yoyamba yochokera ku Japan, ikukula ku China ndi Vietnam. Anthu amachitcha kuti mnogovetochnik, chifukwa cha msinkhu wambiri womwe umapanga, kukula. Mu chilengedwe, imakula mpaka mamita ndi apamwamba, koma pakatikati - mpaka masentimita 60.
Mphukira ndi yoonda, imakula mumulu, masamba. Masambawo amawoneka ndipo ndi opapatiza, mpaka masentimita 30, amakula motero kwambiri kuti petioles ndi nthambi kumbuyo kwake sizingatheke. Zosiyanasiyana zingakhale zobiriwira mithunzi zosiyanasiyana:
- golide;
- chobiriwira chachikasu;
- bluish;
- chobiriwira chobiriwira.
- Simoni;
- mikwingwirima yobiriwira;
- Forchuna;
- siliva.
Bamboo wamba
Mitengo yowonjezeka kwambiri, imakhala makamaka m'nkhalango za ku Asia, Africa, Madagascar, USA. M'madera ozizira, zomera zimakula bwino monga chomera chophika, popeza chimatha kupirira kutentha kwambiri -3 ° C.
Phunzirani za mawonekedwe osankha zomera pazenera.
Kukula, kumawoneka osati mowonjezereka mapulaneti olimba amadziwika kufika mamita makumi awiri wamtali. Masamba amakula kwambiri, mbalezo zimaphimbidwa ndi phula lopanda phokoso, lopangidwa ndi mawonekedwe osasunthika, amawonetsera kumapeto.
Mu chikhalidwe cha mitundu yotereyi ndi otchuka:
- tsinde lobiriwira;
- golide;
- Waminita atatu mita.
Mukudziwa? Mlatho wa nsungwi kudutsa Mtsinje wa Ming ku China, womwe unamangidwa mu zaka chikwi zitatu za nyengo yathu ino, ukugwiritsabe ntchito. Kutalika kwake - Makilomita 320, zomangamanga zomangamanga, zingwe zamatabwa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga zothandizira.
Kubzala udzu
Ngati mukufuna kubzala nsungwi pa chiwembu chanu, samalirani zosankha za anzako. Izi zingakhale:
- nyemba zina zokongoletsera;
- wolandira;
- ferns;
- astilba.
Kusankha malo pa tsamba
Malo okwera pansi ndi abwino kusankha kusambira kum'maŵa kapena kum'mwera-kumadzulo, kutetezedwa ku mphepo. Izi zikhoza kukhala patio yotsekedwa, malo pafupi ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri, malo abwino adzakhala malo pafupi ndi gombe.
Palibe chinthu chofunikira kuti nthaka ikhale ndi nsungwi, nthaka yokha yomwe si yoyenera ndi nthaka yolemerera dongo. Acidity ndi ofunika pafupifupi 6 pH, chinyezi chokwanira ndi zakudya, kupatula ngati kuthirira kumakhala nthawi yambiri.
Zinthu
Popeza nsomba zimakhala zowonjezereka, zimafuna zinthu zomwe zili pafupi ndi chilengedwe. Sikoyenera kukulitsa dzuŵa, ngakhale kuli kotentha, masamba a dzuwa amatha. Pakakhala kutentha kwakukulu kuposa 25 ° C, ndizofunikira kupopera masamba kuti awonjezere chinyezi cha mlengalenga.
Phunzirani momwe mungamere jujube, actinidia, eucomis, arizema, makangaza, annu, cofe, hymenocallis, anguria, asimina, feijoa.
Tikufika
Nthawi yabwino yopita - kuyambira nthawi ya April, pamene nthaka ikuwotha bwino, mpaka June. Sapling musanadzalemo ndi thanki imayikidwa mu madzi kuchotsa mpweya. Pambuyo phokoso la mpweya litasiya kuwonekera, limatsikira mu dzenje lokonzekera.
Khola la nsungwi limakonzedwa kawiri mofanana ndi mizu ya mmera. Pansi pamakhala ndi wosanjikiza wa nthaka nthaka ndi humus mu magawo ofanana. Mbewuyo imatsikira pamtunda ndipo imadzaza chimodzimodzi monga pansi pa dzenje. Powani mizu, nthaka rammed, vyminaya mpweya wosanjikiza. Mutabzala mutenge madzi okwanira ambiri.
Kuthirira
Poyamba, sapling yomwe imakonda kwambiri madzi imathiriridwa nthawi zambiri komanso mochuluka, makamaka ngati palibe mphepo. Pamene kukula kumayamba, kutsirira kumachepetsedwa kawiri pa sabata. Pamaso pa mphepo, kuthirira sikufunika.
Ndikofunikira! Nthaka mu bwaloli sayenera kukhala yonyowa kwambiri, imayenera kukhala ndi nthawi youma pang'ono pakati pa madzi.
Growth inhibitors
Bambowa ali ndi rhizome yokondweretsa kwambiri, amatha kukula mokwanira, kutenga madera akuluakulu. Choncho, pakhomo lakukula mphukira kukula kumayenera kuletsedwa.
Njira yosavuta kwambiri yozungulira malo omwe malo omwe anabzalidwa ndi kukumba mapepala pazitali mamita limodzi ndi hafu, zomwe zingakhale ngati zolepheretsa kukula. Mapepala sayenera kugwirizanitsidwa palimodzi, mphukira idzatha kumera kupitila, koma zimagwira.
Kudulira
Chomeracho sichifuna kudulira mosamala kwambiri, koma chaka ndi chaka kuchotsa nthambi za nthambi ndi nthambi zomwe ziribe mawonekedwe okongoletsera, kupatulira tchire, kuti zisamachepetse chinyezi, ndi matenda.
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mukufuna kuletsa kukula kwa kuthawa, ayenera kufupikitsidwa pansi pa mfundo.
Kupaka pamwamba
Sungani chomeracho kawiri pa nyengo ndi feteleza mchere:
- Kumapeto kwa nyengo - zovuta za nayitrogeni, phosphates ndi potaziyamu (chiwerengero 4: 3: 2);
- mu kugwa - nayitrogeni, phosphates ndi potaziyamu (2: 4: 4).
Zima
Pakati pa chisanu chozizira, mitundu yosagwira chisanu ikhoza kukula popanda pogona, koma ndi bwino kukhala otetezeka. Akuwombera pambuyo poyamba chisanu chiyenera kupindika, chophimbidwa ndi zouma masamba kapena utuchi, zophimbidwa ndi spruce masamba kapena lutrasil pamwamba, kraft pepala, ndiyeno, pamene chisanu chikuwonekera, kutentha kutsika kwa chisanu.
Mitundu yobereketsa
Kufalikira ndi mbewu kumatheka kokha ndi kugula mbewu, chifukwa imamasula ndipo, chifukwa chake, nsungwi nthawi zambiri imabereka zipatso. Ndisavuta kuwonjezeranso kunyumba kunyumba.
Kufalitsa mbewu
Mbewu imakonzedwa musanafese, ndikulowa mumadzi ofunda kwa maola angapo. Kenaka, mu kapu ya peat, tchulani mbewu pansi ndi nsonga, kukulitsa kutalika kwake pansi.
M'bokosi pansi pa filimuyi amaika mbewu ndikuyiyika pamalo otentha. Kwa mbande, kutentha kwa pafupifupi 30 ° C, kuyatsa bwino ndi kuyang'ana nthawi zonse n'kofunika kuti phokoso lisapangidwe pa filimu ndi nkhungu pansi pa nthaka.
Pezani mtundu wa nyali zomwe zilipo kuti zisonyeze chomera.
Mbande zimaonekera patatha masabata awiri, ndipo nthawi yomweyo amaikidwa muzitsulo zosiyana. Pamene chomera chimakula ndipo chimakhala chouma, amayang'ana malo okhazikika pa tsamba.
Video: mbewu ya bamboo
Kubzala masamba
Pobzala, amasankha mphukira zamphamvu zakubadwa zaka zitatu, kuzikumba ndikuziika pamthunzi, ndikuzidula ku gawo limodzi. Tsiku lililonse mbande zimamwetsedwa mochuluka. Atatha rooting, akuyembekezera malo okhazikika.
Njira yachiwiri yoberekera ndi gulu la rhizome. M'chaka amameta mphutsi ndi mphukira, mphukira zingapo zimatsalira, ndipo zimagawidwa bwino. Iwo amawonjezeka mumthunzi ndi kuthirira mpaka mizu. Mutatha kuziyika ku malo osankhidwa.
Matenda ndi tizirombo
Manyowa ali ndi chitetezo chodziwika bwino kwa matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, koma m'munda sukumera wokha ndipo ukhoza kuukiridwa ndi tizilombo kapena matenda. Kawirikawiri, akangaude ndi mealybugs akhala akuzindikira pa zomera. Kuchokera koyamba kuchotsa ndi chithandizo cha acaricidal kukonzekera, kuchokera kuchiwiri kuthandiza tizilombo.
Njira zothandiza kwambiri:
- "Masai", "Sanmai", "Apollo" - acaricides;
- "Aktara", "Mospilan", "Ponche" - tizilombo toyambitsa matenda.
Bambo amasintha chikasu
Mitundu ina, chikasu m'nyengo ya m'dzinja ndichilengedwe, ganizirani zifukwa zomwe masamba amawombera nthawi ina:
- chifukwa cha kuvunda kwa mizu, chifukwa cha madzi;
- chifukwa cha kusowa kwa zakudya zopitirira muyeso;
- nthaka yamchere;
- kufotokoza kwakukulu;
- maonekedwe a matenda.
Pankhani zina, chisamaliro chili ndi zofunikira zake zomwe ziyenera kuwerengedwa:
- Musagwedezeretu nthaka.
- Pa dothi lolemera mu dzenje mumakhala madzi.
- Bambo osakonda kuchuluka kwa feteleza, ndibwino kuti musapereke apa.
- Sikoyenera kudzala dzuwa, liyenera kukhala mthunzi wowala.
- Yang'anani mlingo wa mchere m'nthaka ndikuyesa mchere wambiri. Mchere ukhoza kuyesedwa mwa kuwonjezera chomera kapena chodzala chomera, mwachitsanzo, nyemba, yomwe imatulutsa mchere ndi mphukira.
Bamboo - chokongoletsera chokongoletsera, chikhoza kukongoletsa malingaliro alionse, ndi mphukira zake zingathe kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku. Kuwonjezera pa kutseguka pansi, zomera zowonjezereka zimatha kukula pakhomo.
Video: Bamboo m'munda
Bamboo kunja: ndemanga
Koma!
Palinso saz ndi sinarundinarii (iwo ndi fargesia akale). Inde, simukusowa timitengo, koma timabisala pano (m'sunagoge, timitengo tawonda, ngakhale kutalika kwake kufika mamita 2, koma chuma chonse chimagwa pansi pansi pa chisanu) ndipo zimadalitsidwa ndi madigiri -29. Tsopano curilense (mdima, mantha ndi chiwawa) ndi Sinarundinaria nitida (pusya, koma pachimake chaka chatha) amakhala ndi nyengo yozizira ndi ine.
Zolingazo ndi Sinarundinaria murielae
Choyamba, ntchentche sizinabzalidwe ndi nthambi, koma zimangokhala ndi rhizome.
Mu chithunzicho pali Chinese phyloblast (chabe mwambi wotsutsa). Kutentha kwabwino kwa moyo ndi + 30 mpaka-9 C, kumakhala kofiira pang'ono mpaka 20 C, pamatentha otsika amawombera pansi. Kumalo kumene dziko lapansi limathamangitsira, limatulutsa kwathunthu. Sikulonjeza kuti nyengo yozizira idzachitika m'dera la Moscow, chifukwa chachepa chisanu chotsutsa.
Kwa dera la Moscow, tikhoza kulangiza gulu logwirizana pansi pa dzina la nsungwi (Saza, phyloblast, etc.): Arundinaria murielae, Pleioblastus simonii (ndi mitundu yake ya varigated), Sasa tsuboiana, etc. Mu kukongola iwo si otsika kwa mitundu ya kumwera, akhoza kukhala 30 cm mpaka 3 mamita.
