Zithunzi zojambulajambula: zojambulajambula, zokongoletsa malo ndi malo oyenera

Munthu wamakono amavutika maganizo m'madera akuluakulu. Kupuma kwa maganizo m'mapaki pakati pa ziboliboli zokongola - izi ndi zomwe zimathandiza kupumula ndi kumasula. Kuti zojambulazo ziziwoneka bwino m'munda mwanu ndikugwirizana, ndikofunikira kudziŵa zofunikira za malo awo ochizira ndi kusiyanitsa pakati pa mitundu ndi mitundu yawo.

Zamkatimu:

• Zida zopangira ziboliboli
• Kusankhidwa kwa kujambulidwa
• Miyeso
• Kupanga zojambulajambula
• Malo oyenera

Mitundu

Akatswiri amadziwika mitundu 4 ya zojambulajambula:

• mpanda Ndimwala wa miyala womwe umapezeka pamwamba pa dziko lapansi. Koma pa mbale iliyonse pali chithunzi kapena chithumwa;

• chithunzicho. Ichi ndi mtundu wa mafano a nyama kapena anthu omwe amapangidwa ndi kukula kwakenthu, kapena kupitirira pang'ono. Zithunzi zitatu zikhoza kusonyeza munthu weniweni kapena nyama, kuphatikizapo cholengedwa chodabwitsa (centaur, angel);

Mukudziwa? Chithunzi chodula kwambiri padziko lonse chinagulitsidwa kwa madola 141.3 miliyoni. Iye analenga wojambula wotchedwa Swiss Alberto Giacometti. Chilengedwe chake chimatchedwa "Kuwonetsera Munthu."

• chikumbutso. Chithunzi, chokonzekera kupititsa patsogolo zochitikazo, malemba olembedwa, anthu otchuka. Kawirikawiri, zipilala zimapangidwira ngati mbale yomwe ili ndi zolembera, chida chogonjetsa, nsonga, zipilala, etc;

• obeliski. Chikumbutsocho, chomwe chimapepuka ngati chimayeserera kumka. Nthaŵi zambiri, ali ndi mbali ya mtanda, nthawi zina amafanana ndi piramidi yambiri.

Zida zopangira ziboliboli

Zithunzi zamatabwa ndi zamasamba zingagulidwe kapena kudzipanga wekha. Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndizosiyana, zimadalira kupirira kwake ndi kuvala kukana kwajambula, komanso mtengo wawo. Timapereka mndandanda wa zipangizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri.

• MtengoMwinamwake chinthu chodabwitsa kwambiri chopanga mafano osati osati kokha. Mwamtheradi malingaliro anu onse akhoza kumasuliridwa mu chenicheni chifukwa cha mtengo wamba wamatabwa. Zida zamatabwa zidzatsitsimutsa bwino ngakhale ngodya yosadziwika kwambiri ya munda wanu, mukhoza kudzipanga nokha kapena kuitanitsa chidwi chanu kuchokera kwa katswiri. Mitengo ya katundu wotereyo imadalira zovuta za ntchito yomwe ilipo komanso mtundu wa nkhuni. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mukufuna fano lokongola ndi kutalika kwa mamita 1 ndi width 20-30 masentimita, ndiye mbuyeyo ayenera kulipira madola 100 mpaka 300. Koma katundu wamatabwa ali ndi umodzi - iwo amakhala ochepa. Inde, ngati mankhwalawa ali ndi banga kapena varnish, moyo wautumiki udzatha kwambiri. Komabe, chilengedwe cha kuwonongeka kwa matabwa chidzayamba msinkhu, ngakhale pambuyo pa zaka 30 kapena 40.
Chitsanzo chopangidwa ndi matabwa

Ndikofunikira! Hornbeam, oak, beech ndi aspen zimatengedwa kuti ndi mitengo yokhazikika komanso yolimba kwambiri. Mitengo ya nkhuni zotere (ngati ili yokutidwa ndi varnish kapena matope a mtengo) idzasunga mawonekedwe awo oyambirira kwa nthawi yaitali.

• Gypsum. Zapangidwe za nkhaniyi zidakali pakati pa otchuka kwambiri. Gypsum ndi yosavuta komanso yosakwera mtengo. Magnomes ndi angelo akuyang'ana angayang'ane mwachibadwa. Adzakupatsani munda wanu wokongola komanso wokongola. Koma zotengerazo zili ndi drawback imodzi yofunikira - nkhaniyi ndi yofooka kwambiri. Pokhala ndi mtima wamba, kujambulidwa kungathe kuphwanyika kapena kupatulidwa. Koma ngati mutapereka mankhwala kuchokera kwa katswiri, mungakhale otsimikiza za kudalirika kwa chilengedwe chake. Kawirikawiri ambuye amatseka gypsum ndi zipangizo zapadera zomwe zimalimbitsa kwambiri zithunzi. Zoterezi zingathe kukuthandizani kwa zaka zambiri. Mitengo imasiyanasiyana malinga ndi zovuta za ntchito yomwe yachitidwa komanso kukula kwa kujambula. Mwachitsanzo, mngelo waung'ono wokhala ndi masentimita 30 akhoza kugula madola 20-30.
Gypsum kujambulidwa
• Mitundu yosiyanasiyana yamwala. Miyala ya miyala, ziboliboli, ziboliboli, m'munda wokongola komanso wokongola, nthawi zonse amalankhula za chuma chabwino cha mwiniwakeyo. Chowonadi ndi chakuti zokongola zamwala sizingakhale zophweka kupanga, kotero mitengo ya iwo ndi "kuluma" pang'ono. Mwachitsanzo, angelo a mabulosi a mchere angapange malo abwino kwambiri kumunda uliwonse, koma mitengo ya zakumwamba ndi yapamwamba kwambiri: chogulitsa cha mamita 1 okwera mtengo chidzakhala mtengo wa madola 300 kapena kuposa. Muyenera kusamala bwino marble: chophimba m'nyengo yozizira kapena kupita kuchipinda chofunda. Momwemonso, ziboliboli za mabokosi zimatha kukuthandizani kwa zaka pafupifupi 100. Pali miyala yamtengo wapatali - quartz, granite, polystone (miyala yachitsulo yamatriki). Zida zamtundu umenewu siziopa nyengo iliyonse, ngakhale zovuta kwambiri. Zithunzi za quartz kapena granite zimatha zaka mazana ambiri pansi pa chisanu choopsa cha chisanu. Mitengo ya chifaniziro cha mamita a gnome kapena mngelo wa miyala yoteroyo imayamba pa $ 1,000.
Mitengo ya Granite Zojambulajambula
• Metal Kawirikawiri zithunzi zachitsulo zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa kapena mkuwa. Zithunzi zoterezi zikhoza kutsindika bwino za mapangidwe a munda wanu wapadera kapena paki yamapiri. Makhalidwe abwino kwambiri a zoterezi ndi moyo wautali wautali. Nkhuni ndi mkuwa sichimangiriza, dzimbiri kapena zokomoka, ngakhale kusintha kwa nyengo. Ngakhale zidzukulu zanu zidzatha kuona maonekedwe oyambirira a zifanizo zazitsulo m'zaka makumi angapo. Koma popeza simungathe kudzipanga nokha, mudzayenera kulipira mtengo wapamwamba kwa mbuye waluso. Mwachitsanzo, chikhomo chaching'ono cha mkango wokhala ndi masentimita 20-25 zokha chingakugulitsireni madola 50-70.
Zithunzi zamaluwa zachitsulo

Mukudziwa? Kwa kupanga fano la ufulu kunali kofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito matani 225 a mkuwa.

• Makamera. Zinthu zakuthupi, zomwe zimakhalapo pakati pa otchuka kwambiri pamsika. Ndipo zonse chifukwa cha mtengo wotsika wa zojambulajambula. Kupanga ziboliboli, zipilala ndi mafano kuchokera ku keramiki zimakhazikitsidwa m'mayiko a CIS, ndipo, moona, ena opanga samasamala za mtundu uliwonse, kupanga chiyanjano choyamba pamtengo wotsika. Pachifukwa ichi, zonse zimakhala zomveka bwino komanso zomveka bwino: mitengo ndi yotsika mtengo kwa munthu wamba (kwa chiwerengero cha 50 cm wamtali iwe sudzalipira kuposa $ 15-20), koma moyo wazithunzi uli wochepa (kuyambira zaka 3 mpaka 15).
Zithunzi zojambula m'minda zazitsulo
• Konkire. Mitundu ingakhale yosiyana ndi kukongola ndikupatsani munda wanu wokongola komanso wochititsa chidwi, koma kupirira kwa ntchito zojambulazo ndizochepa. Chipale chofewa chimakhudza kwambiri zithunzi za konkire ndi ziboliboli: zimayamba kugwedezeka ndi kutha pamaso panu. Moyo wautumiki mu chikhalidwe chokha sichidutsa zaka zisanu. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mitengo imatha kuluma (mwachitsanzo, mtengo wa mngelo wa mamita-hafu ya konkire ndi pafupifupi $ 80).

• Zithunzi zobiriwira kapena topiary (nthawi zina topiary). Mukhoza kuwonjezera kukongola kosakayikira kumunda wanu ndi mamba wamba wamaluwa ndi zozizwitsa pang'ono ndi chipiriro. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda - malo opangira zomera. Mukhoza kudzipanga nokha, koma ndi bwino kuyitanira mbuye waluso. Pofuna kupanga mapangidwe opangidwa, kudulira kuyenera kuchitidwa 3-4 pa chaka. Mitengo ndi yotsika mtengo kwa pafupifupi aliyense (malingana ndi msinkhu wa ntchito za mbuye, mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito mita imodzi ya masentimita akhoza kukhala kuyambira madola 10 mpaka 50).
Zithunzi zojambulajambula za maluwa

Kusankhidwa kwa kujambulidwa

Posankha chikhalidwe muyenera kuganizira kalembedwe ka munda wanu. Zithunzi zamakono zidzawonjezera kukhwima ndi kukhwimitsa kumunda wamaluwa wamba, ndi mafilimu achikondi, angelo ndi amurchiki adzathandizira malo abwino bwino.

Ngati muli mwini munda wamtundu, ndiye bwino kugula ziboliboli zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, chanterelles, mimbulu, ndi zina zotero. Munda uliwonse wa chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe udzakhala wangwiro ndi wokongola ndi miyala yosawerengeka ndi yochititsa chidwi.

Mukudziwa? Mfumukazi ya ku France Auguste Rodin - mmodzi mwa omwe anayambitsa zojambula zamakono, katatu anayesera kulembetsa ku Paris School of Fine Arts, koma anakanidwa nthawi zonse. Masiku ano, nyumba zosungiramo zinthu zakale zitatu zimapatulira ntchito zake, ndipo makope ake amagwira m'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi.

Mukasankha, muyenera kudalira kokha malingaliro anu ndi malingaliro anu. Kusunga kukonzanso malo osungirako mapaki kapena munda kungasewere nkhanza nawe. Ndi bwino kulipira pang'ono ndi kugula zojambula zamtengo wapatali zomwe ziziwoneka zokongola zaka zambiri m'nyengo yozizira ndi chilimwe.

Miyeso

Kuwona chojambula chilichonse monga choyimira chikhalidwe china ndi chovuta. Izi ndi chifukwa chakuti pali mitundu khumi ndi iwiri yosiyana siyana ya mapangidwe a malo, kuphatikizapo, mitundu ina ya statuettes, mabelisi, ziboliboli, steles zimatha kukhala ndi mafashoni angapo kamodzi. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, akatswiri apeza mitundu itatu yokha yojambula zithunzi:

• zapamwamba komanso zachikale. Zimaphatikizapo luso la Roma wakale ndi Greece. M'miyambo imeneyi kawirikawiri panali milungu yamtengo wapatali ya milungu ndi azimayi, akasupe amtunda, mbale zolowa, ndi mabelera osangalatsa. Pano pali ntchito zopangidwa kuchokera ku miyala yolimba, yomwe ingakhale yowonjezera kuzithunzi za malo ndi zinthu za topiarnogo art;

• chidziwitso cha dziko. Zithunzi zojambulajambula zomwe zingatchulidwe molondola ndi mtundu uliwonse wa chikhalidwe (Kummawa, Chiitaliya, Chigiriki, Chingerezi, ndi zina zotero). Mwachitsanzo, mikango yamwala yokhala ndi chithunzithunzi chapamwamba idzapereka nthawi yomweyo Chingerezi, mphero zing'onozing'ono zamatabwa zidzakwaniritsa zowonjezera za Chidatchi, ndipo mafano achi Buddha ndi gawo limodzi la chikhalidwe cha ku Asia;

• zojambula za abusa. Munda wa kumunda, wodzala ndi kukumbukira za ubwana, kuyambitsa masewera ndi chisangalalo - chokongoletsera chokongoletsera choterechi chingatchedwe ubusa kapena kumverera. Dzina lachiwiri likuwonetsa lingaliro lathunthu la lingaliro la wokongoletsa. Zithunzi zamapemphero nthawi zonse zimayambitsa chisangalalo chabwino, kubwezeretsa komanso kumapanga mgwirizano m'moyo. Izi zikuphatikizapo elves, gnomes, mermaids, fairies. Nyumba zamakono ndi zinthu zina zidzakhalanso mbali ya munda wamtendere.

Kuti musankhe ndondomeko yoyenera ya m'mundamu, muyenera kuliphunzira mosamala. Ntchitoyi si yosavuta, koma nthawi zina mawonekedwe ena amaonekera. Ndikofunika kufufuza kukula kwa malo, mtundu ndi kukula kwa mabedi, maluwa, kupezeka kwa matupi a madzi, ndi zina zotero.

Mudzakhala ndi chidwi chophunzira za ntchito zamaluwa m'munda mwanu ndi manja anu: momwe mungapangidwire, mumaphunzire kukongoletsa chitsa cha mtengo ndikupanga bedi la matayala kapena miyala.

Kupanga zojambulajambula

Tikufuna kukuwuzani za njira yopangira nyumba ya pulasitala ya ma bowa. Chithunzichi ndi chosavuta kuchita. Kuti tichite izi, sitifunikira kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zapadera, kuphatikizapo, simukusowa kukhala ndi luso laumisiri wa zomangamanga kapena zojambulajambula. Ndondomeko yozizira pang'onopang'ono ndi izi:

1. Dulani pamwamba pa botolo la pulasitiki (kuchoka nsonga ya mamita 20 cm).
2. Dulani dzenje pambali mwa botolo lolowera (makamaka mwa mawonekedwe apakati).

3. Dulani khosi la botolo ndikulisindikiza mwamphamvu ndi tepi.

4. Timatsanulira botolo, chomwe ndi maziko, ndi pulasitiki. Tikudikira kwa kanthawi mpaka pulasitiki ikuwuma. Zingatheke mosavuta, koma musadandaule, chifukwa muyenera kutsanulira papepala kawiri (ngati malinga a bowa adzakhala otsika komanso odalirika).

5. Pambuyo pazitsulo ziwiri, chokani ku bowa kumalo ouma mpaka gypsamu ikayikidwa, kenako chotsani botolo.
6. Tsopano tikupanga kapu ya bowa: timasankha mbale yomwe ili yofunika, imadzaza ndi thumba la pulasitiki ndikudzaze ndi pulasitiki. Pulasitiki yapamwamba iyenera kujambulidwa ndi filimu ndikuyika maziko a tsogolo la bowa.

7. Pomwe pulasitikiyo ikuwuma, pendani guluu pa tsinde la bowa. Kenaka, jambulani bowa ndi mapiritsi a acrylic ndi varnish.

Ndikofunikira! Ndibwino kuti musamatsitsire madzi otentha m'madzi otentha, chifukwa izi zidzachepetsa nthawi yothira.

Video: momwe mungapangire nyumba ya bowa kunja kwa pulasitala Monga mukuonera, palibe chovuta pankhaniyi. Mankhwala osiyanasiyana angapangidwe kuchokera ku gypsum wamba, ndipo mungagwiritse ntchito, mwachitsanzo, mabokosi a juisi kapena zitsulo za mowa monga chithunzi. Ingomasulani malingaliro anu ndi kuwutsitsimutsa ndi manja anu.

Malo oyenera

Ngati mukufuna kuti zithunzi zatsopano ziwoneke bwino ndikuzifotokoza m'munda, muyenera kusankha malo abwino. Pali malamulo ena omwe angapangidwe bwino:

• Kulumikizana kumakhala kofanana ndi kukula kwa zojambula zogwirizana ndi malo onse a munda. Musayese kuyika zinthu zazikulu paki yaing'ono yokongoletsera. Mafanizo aang'ono m'munda waukulu akhoza kutayika ndipo samapereka zokwanira zokongola;
• yesani kuyika chinthu chofunika kwambiri kwa inu pakati pa chithunzi chonse cha munda. Chiyambi chiyenera kufanana ndi kalembedwe ka "khalidwe lalikulu";
• yesani kusayika ziboliboli zazikulu ndi ziwerengero kutali ndi chiwonetsero choonekera. Pa nthawi yomweyi, zinthu zing'onozing'ono zimayikidwa pamwamba pa mapiri kapena miyala;
• Kusakaniza mafashoni kungapangitse kukongoletsa kokongola kwa oasis. Yesani kumamatira ku mzere umodzi wosankhidwa;

Mukhoza kupanga malo anu kukhala osangalatsa komanso omasuka ndi mabenchi, swing, gazebos kapena pergolas omwe mungathe kuchita ndi manja anu.

• Choyamba sankhani malo, ndiyeno chojambula chomwe chidzayang'ane bwino. Mwachitsanzo, zoweta kapena zitsamba zili zoyenera pafupi ndi dziwe, zizindikiro za angelo zimayikidwa bwino m'munda wa duwa, ndipo ang'onoang'ono kapena amphongo ang'onoang'ono amapereka chidwi chokongola kwa udzu wokongola;
• Yesani kugwirizanitsa chikhalidwe ndi zojambula pamodzi. Zithunzi zakale zidzakhala zogwirizana makamaka ngati nthambi zimayambira.

Chotsatira, ndikufuna ndikuzindikire kuti kupanga malo anu okongola kapena malo osungirako malo ndi ntchito yovuta, kuphatikizapo "kumverera" kwa mgwirizano pakati pa chilengedwe ndi luso. Pachifukwa ichi, muthandizidwa ndi malingaliro anu ndi malingaliro oyera, obadwira mukhalokha ndi chilengedwe.