Mu nyengo yathu, anyezi amakula kwa zaka ziwiri. M'chaka choyamba amafesa mbewu - chernushka. Anyezi a sevok amakula mu kugwa kwa mbewu izi, ndipo kumapeto kwa chaka chamawa zimabzalidwa pamabedi. Kuchokera pamenepo mababu akuluakulu amakula m'dzinja. Anyezi ndi otchuka kwambiri m'minda yam'mayiko ambiri padziko lapansi. Amakula kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mankhwala ndi kuphika. Mutha kukula mumunda komanso kunyumba, pawindo.
Tsatanetsatane wa anyezi Sevka: Chikhalidwe ichi ndi chochepa cha anyezi chaka chilichonse chomwe chili ndi mamita 1.5 mpaka 2.5 cm.
Ndikofunikira! Mitengo ya anyezi imabzala, osati zosiyana.
Musanayambe kubzala, muyenera kusankha mbewu zosiyanasiyana za anyezi, zoyenera kukula mu nyengo inayake.
Mitundu yotchuka: Sturon, Stuttgarter Riesen, Centurion, Hercules, Red Baron.
Mukudziwa? Mu chilengedwe, pali mitundu yokongoletsa ya anyezi. Imodzi mwa izi ndi anyezi a Moli (Allium moly), omwe ali ndi maluwa achikasu.
Kusankha malo odzala anyezi Sevka
Kuti mudziwe momwe mungabzalidwe chomera ichi, mukuyenera kukumbukira malamulo ochepa ochepetsera kusamalira ndi kulima. Timayamba posankha malo otsetsereka. Mabedi ayenera kukhala mu mphepo yabwino komanso yoyera. Sevok silingalole chinyezi chochulukira, choncho mabedi ayenera kukhala pamalo pomwe madzi amvula sagwidwa. Dzikoli likhale lowala, losalala, lachonde. Pa dongo nthaka anyezi sevok sangathe kukula. Mtundu wa nthaka ndi wosavuta kudziwa, ingokumba fosholo kangapo:
- dongo lapansi - thumba lolemera, limamatira ku fosholo (muyenera kupanga zidebe ziwiri za katatu kapena mchenga)
- mchenga loam kapena loam - nthaka imakhala yodzaza ndi mafosholo (nthaka ndi yoyenera kulima)
- sandstone - nthaka ikuphwanyika ndipo ming'oma ndi mitsempha sizinapangidwe (kuyambitsa humus kapena kompositi kudzapangitsa nthaka yoyenera kufesa anyezi, idzapatsa dziko lapansi michere ndipo idzakuthandizira kusunga chinyezi)
N'zosayenera kubzala pansi, pomwe mame adyo kapena beetroot. Mitundu ya dzungu ndizimene zimayambitsa sevka: tomato, zukini, dzungu. Amakula pafupi ndi kaloti. Sizingatheke kubzala mbewu m'nthaka kumene manyowa atsopano ankagwiritsidwa ntchito. Chaka chokha pokhapokha malowa adzakondwera. Kusamalira sevsk panja ndi kosiyana kwambiri ndi wowonjezera kutentha.Kukonzekera mabedi kwa ma anyezi
Konzani kubzala pasadakhale, kukonzekera bedi kumbuyo. Nthaka imamangidwa bwino, namsongole amachotsedwa ndi kupopedwa ndi mankhwala a mkuwa sulphate. Asanafike frosts, bedi liri bwino madzi, ndipo m'nyengo yozizira m'pofunika kuchotsa chipale chofewa. Izi zimachitika kuti nthaka ikhale bwino, ndipo chaka chamawa mbewuyo idzawonongeke kwambiri ndi matenda ndi tizirombo.
Kumapeto kwa nyengo, dziko limamasulidwa ndi mkaka kapena pang'ono kukumba kuti asasokoneze mapangidwe a dothi ndikusunga chinyezi. Manyowa a feteleza ndi feteleza amchere amagwiritsidwa ntchito - osati kwambiri, kotero kuti mizu yomwe ili pamtunda wapadziko lapansi imalandira zakudya zowonjezera. Zotsatira zabwino zimapereka feteleza zovuta.
Mbewu yokonzekera (chernushki)
Musanadzalemo, mbeu ya mbewu iyenera kufufuzidwa kuti imere. Mwezi umodzi musanabzala, muyenera kutenga mbewu zingapo (zidutswa 15 mpaka 20) ndikuziika mu nsalu yonyowa. Mu masabata angapo, zingatheke kuweruza ngati mbeu izi ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kufesa. Ngati zikumera, ndiye kuti mukhoza kuyamba kufesa. Kenaka muyenera kukonzekera mbewu kuti zisawononge matenda a fungal:
- Mbewuzo zikulumikizidwa mu nsalu ndi kumizidwa m'madzi otentha kwa mphindi khumi ndi zisanu.
- Pambuyo pake, kumiza madzi ozizira kwa mphindi imodzi.
- Kenaka nyembazo zimathiridwa maola 24 m'madzi ofunda.
- Imani 1-2 masiku atakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa pokonza kutentha.
Mbewu imakonzedwa mwanjira ina: mpweya umaperekedwera mu chidebe ndi madzi oponderezedwa ndipo mbewu imatsitsa pamenepo kwa maola 20. Pambuyo pake zouma. Mbeu yambewu yokonzeka kubzala.Mbewu yamasiku
Nthawi yosunga zimadalira nyengo. Mukhoza kufesa chernushka mu masiku otentha a February. Koma makamaka kufesa mbewu kumachitika kumayambiriro kwa masika, pamene dziko lapansi likutenthedwa bwino ndipo mukhoza kulimba.
Mmene mungabzalitsire mbeu ya anyezi: njira zodyetsera
Kuti mudziwe mosavuta kukula kwa anyezi, muyenera kukumbukira zinthu zosavuta. Kulima kumagawidwa mu magawo awiri: kubzala mbewu, zomwe zimatchedwa "chernushka", ndi kubzala komweko kwa mbewu ya anyezi, yomwe imapezeka ku mbewu, m'chaka. Kufesa mbewu kumapangidwa ndi njira ya tepi. Bedi liyenera kukhala lalikulu mita imodzi ndikukhala ndi dothi lotayirira. Kuya kwa grooves ayenera kukhala 1.5-2 masentimita mozama, ndipo mtunda pakati pa mbewu zikhale 1-1.5 masentimita. 
Ndikofunikira! Ngati mbewu sizinabzalidwe mobwerezabwereza, ndiye kuti padzakhalanso maselo akuluakulu a anyezi. Ngati nthawi zambiri - nevyzrevshy sevok yaing'ono. Ikusungidwa bwino ndipo imakula msanga.
Bedi lofesedwa mbewu limaphatikizidwa ndi kamtengo kakang'ono ka peat ndipo imatsanulidwa mosamala. Kenaka timaphimba ndi kanema kuti tipeze madzi abwino ndi mpweya wabwino kuti mbeu imere. Mbewu zikamera, chotsani filimuyi. Ndikofunika kumvetsera ku sayansi yamagetsi. Mbewu zimabzalidwa bwanji, anyezi adzakhala a kukula kwake: ngati kuya ndi 2-3 masentimita, mbande idzakhala yabwino. Ngati mubzala zochepa-zimamera zimakhala zosagwedezeka, zimamera mbewu, zimakula zazikulu zowonjezera. Ngati mubzala mozama - mbeu sizimera bwinobwino, mababuwo ndi ochepa kapena sangapangidwe nkomwe.
Zomera zotsatirazi zimachotsedwanso ndi mbewu: nkhaka, beets, zukini, tomato, nyemba, nandolo, maungu, mavwende, mavwende, chimanga ndi mpendadzuwa.
Kusamalira ndi kulima anyezi Sevka
Chikhalidwe ichi sichifuna chidwi kwambiri pa kulima ndi kusamalira. Chomeracho chidzakhala chabwino ngati mutatsatira malamulo ophweka.
Kuthirira nthaka
Kuthirira kuthirira zomera sikupitirira kawiri pa sabata, koma mu May ndi June, ngati kulibe mvula. Mu theka lachiwiri la nyengo yokula sayenera kuthiriridwa, chifukwa mababu akutsuka.
Kupalira ndi kumasula pakati pa mizere
Imodzi mwa malamulo ofunikira ndi kuchotsa namsongole ndipo simukulola nthaka kutumphuka. Ngati simukuchotsa namsongole, kukula kwa mbande anyezi kumachepetsa. Kutsetsereka kwa dothi sikulola kuti mphukira zikule bwino ndikuchepetsa ubwino wa mbeu. Nkhumba za Chernushka zikhoza kusakanizidwa ndi radish kapena letesi mbewu. Zimathandizira kupeza komwe mzere wa anyezi ulili, monga letesi ndi radish zimamera mofulumira. Pamene anyezi akukwera, zomera za beacon zikhoza kuchotsedwa.
Kupatulira koyamba kumachitika pamene mapepala ochepawa amawonekera pa mphukira. Siyani pakati pawo ayenera kukhala 1.5 - 2 masentimita Ngati izi sizikuchitika, masamba alibe nthawi yokwanira yokwanira, ndipo mababuwo ndi ochepa.
Mukudziwa? Anthu omwe amagwira ntchito kumalo obiriwira ndikuyamba kukulitsa anyezi amatchulidwa kuti amadwala matenda a catarrhal ngakhale pakadwala.
Feteleza
Chikhalidwe cha feteleza kawiri pa nthawi yonse ya kusasitsa. Ngati dothi liri losauka m'thupi, ndiye kuti manyowa awonjezere kachitatu. Nthawi yoyamba kupanga zovala, pali masamba obiriwira. Zophimbidwa ndi superphosphate, urea ndi potaziyamu chloride. Patatha masabata angapo, kuvala kachiwiri kwa mbeu kumapangidwa; Nthawi yachitatu akudyetsa mbeu ndi fetasi fetashi, zomwe zimathandiza kuti zipse bwino.
Manyowa amathandiza kwambiri powasamalira ndi kulima zomera zomwe zimalima ndi zotsatira zake, monga mchere, potashi, nitroammophoska, peat, potashi mchere, phulusa ndi potaziyamu.
Zotsutsana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda
Matenda ndi tizirombo zimabweretsa mavuto aakulu kwa mbewu.
Kupaka khosi kungakhudzidwe ndi matenda otere:
- downy mildew;
- chotsitsa;
- chiwonetsero;
- khosi kuvunda;
- utawonekedwe wamakono.
Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tizilombo toyambitsa matenda. Nawa ena mwa iwo:
- mapiko a anyezi;
- mavitamini a anyezi;
- mosamala;
- mole;
- onion hover;
- stem nematode.
Pofuna kuteteza matenda ndi tizilombo toononga, nkofunika kuyeretsa dera la namsongole, zomera zakufa, zipatso zovunda, masamba. Zonongeka zonse pa malo kuti ziwotche kapena ziike m'menje. Mitundu yambiri ya tizilomboyi imasungidwa m'mitengo ya greenhouses komanso pansi pa mafilimu. Choncho, chaka chilichonse dothi liyenera kuchepetsedwa.Kukolola ndi kusunga mbande anyezi
Zokolola ziyenera kukhala mu August. Koma ngati chilimwe chimagwa mvula, chikhalidwe chikhoza kukolola kale, kumapeto kwa July. Popeza chinyezi chochuluka chimathandiza kuti kubwezeretsanso mbewu, ndipo uta umenewo udzasungidwa molakwika. Amafunikanso kumvetsera mtundu wa masamba. Ngati anayamba kutembenukira chikasu, ndipo mababuwo afikitsa kukula kwake, mukhoza kuyamba kusonkhanitsa.
Kodi mungasunge bwanji anyezi? Muyenera kusankha malo amdima, owuma ndi ozizira, kuti masamba asapite patsogolo.
Kuti anyezi azikhala bwino, muyenera kukumbukira malamulo ena:
- Mapulogalamu a anyezi amasankhidwa ndipo amasiyidwa molimbika, ofewa, anyezi wandiweyani.
- Musalole kuti zovunda zowola mudeke ndi uta.
- Mizu iyenera kukhala youma.
- Nkofunika kuumitsa chomera bwino. Malingana ndi momwe adayikiramo nthawi yayitali. Mukhoza kuveka ndi kuuma pamwamba pa chitofu. Njira ina yowanika ndiyo kuika nylonji yosungira ndi kuchoka pamalo otentha.
Poyamba kasupe, pamene kutentha kwa mpweya kudzakhala kuposa +10 ° C, mukhoza kuyamba kubzala.
