Matenda a violets kapena senpolia ndi chithandizo chawo

Indoor violets (senpolia) - maluwa omwe amakhala pawindo lililonse. Ali ndi mafani ambiri omwe atola mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwa zaka zingapo. Koma ngakhale odziwa zamaluwa ali ndi matenda ali kunyumba. Tiyenera kuchitira ziweto.

Matenda a wamba a Violet

Kusamalira kosakwanira kwa senpolia kumabweretsa mavuto osiyanasiyana okhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a maluwa. Kutsitsa kutentha, chinyezi chambiri, kutsanulira kwa nthaka ndikuthandizira kukulira msanga kwa mitundu yambiri ya bowa. Matenda ndi opatsirana komanso osapatsirana.

Zovunda

Ndikathirira kwambiri, uzambar violet imataya mawonekedwe ake okongola, masamba amayamba kufota. Mizu imafa. Mizu yake imasintha kukhala ya bulauni ndikukhala yofewa. Mbewuyo imayamwa bowa.

Njira zothamangira zimafunikira pochiritsa nyamayo. Kuti tichite izi, ndikofunikira kutsuka mizu kuchokera m'nthaka yakale, kuchotsa zowonongeka. Mangirirani ziwalo zathanzi musanaikidwe mu njira ya Fitosporin. Kuti mubzale chatsopano, ndibwino kugwiritsa ntchito dothi lina ndi mphika. Pankhani yogwiritsira ntchito dimba lakale la maluwa, liyenera kukonzedwa mosamalitsa: kutsukidwa ndi kupha tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, yoyesedwa kapena kuwotchera mu uvuni, mothandizidwa ndi yankho la mkuwa wa sulfate. Pa chomera chodwala, masamba athanzi labwino amatha kusankhidwa ndi kuzika mizu, omwe kale amathandizidwa ndi fungicides kuteteza matendawa.

Tsinde zowola

Senpolia imatha kudwala molakwika. Pankhaniyi, zimayambira zimathanso kuvunda. Zomwe zimayambitsa matendawa ndi:

• chida chosasamba komanso chosavomerezeka;
• mabala akuya omwe saloledwa kuchiritsa;
• magawo osakonzedwa mwa njira yolimbana ndi matenda a fungus nthawi yobereka;
• kuthirira kwambiri achinyamata m'minda, pambuyo pake achinyamata mizu sanatenge chinyezi;
• chomera chaching'ono, chosakhwima chinagwidwa ndi tizirombo.

Kubwezeretsanso kwa mabakiteriya obisika pamaluwa ofooka kumapita patsogolo kwambiri. Sizachilendo kupulumutsa senpolia yotere.

Brown zowola

Pansi pamtundu wa ana a rosette achichepere, odulidwa mizu ndi kuwakhazikitsa ana, omwe pambuyo pake amakhala owonda kwambiri ndikufewetsa zimayambira, akuwonetsa matenda a senpolia omwe amakhala ndi zipsera zomwe zimayambitsa bulauni. Panthaka pansi pa masamba pali zina za mycelium.

Matendawa amatha kupita ku mbewu zina, kotero ayenera kuchitapo kanthu mwachangu:

• kuchitira masamba, zimayambira ndi ana antifungal fungicides (Skor, Fundazol);
• yambitsa mizu yopanda madzi;
• thirirani dothi ndi Fitosporin, PhytoDoctor kapena Trichodermin;
• gwiritsani dothi lotayirira, kubzala madzi abwino;
• ikani zodulira pafupipafupi koma zing'onozing'ono.

Gray Rot (Botritis)

Matendawa amayenda limodzi ndi maonekedwe a imvi yofundira pamasamba, masamba omwe amakhala osalala komanso ofooka. Popita nthawi, mbali zonse za mbewu zimakhala zoyera ndikuvunda. Matendawa amakula kuchokera ku malovu omwe amapezeka pobzala nthaka, komanso pogwiritsa ntchito dothi lakale lomwe silinasungidwe, komwe zotsalira za zomera zam'mbuyomu ndizotheka.

Kusunga senpolia, nthawi yomweyo chotsani zomerazo.

Chithandizo chinanso:

• disinfection wa nthaka mwa ma calcination, kuzizira, mankhwalawa;
• Chithandizo cha Saintpaulia ndi fungicides kuteteza kufalikira kwa matendawa.

Kupewa:

• kupopera munthawi yotentha;
• khalani ndi chinyezi chokwanira kwambiri, mpweya wabwino nthawi zonse;
• kupatula kusiyanasiyana kwa kutentha;
• sinthani kuthirira kwa mbewu, kuchotsa kusayenda, musatenge madzi mukathirira masamba;
• Osayimitsa miphika ya maluwa pafupi ndi wina ndi mnzake;
• Chotsani mapangidwe a mpweya pamakoma a mbale pakubala.

Dzimbiri

Pathupi pamakhala mawonekedwe achikasu kapena bulawuni wazipatso ndi masamba omwe amakhala pansi pamasamba a Uzambara violet, kawirikawiri pamtundu wa petioles, amawoneka owala achikasu mbali yakumtunda. Popita nthawi, zambiri za bowa zomwe zimafalikira ndi mpweya zimacha pansi pa tsamba.

Pamtunda wabwino komanso chinyezi, spores samamera. Kuti muchepetse matenda a violets ndi dzimbiri, ndikofunikira kusintha zizindikiro zachilengedwe.

Powdery mildew

Uzambara violets imayamba kupezeka ndi phokoso la powdery, lomwe ndi la mitundu iwiri: yabodza komanso yeniyeni. Kunena za matendawo, ndikofunikira kulabadira za mawanga. Downy mildew imakhala ndi bulauni banga. Chizindikiro cha izi ndizoyera zoyera pachimake ndi masamba a senpolia. Matendawa amatha kuchitika mukamawononga nthaka kale popanda chithandizo kapena ndi mbewu zomwe mwangopeza kumene.

Kwa ma violets odwala, njira zotsatirazi zikulimbikitsidwa:

• sinthani chinyezi chachilengedwe;
• onjezerani kutentha m'chipindacho;
• kubweretsa kuyatsa kukhala kwazonse pakupanga zowonjezera zowonjezera;
• chotsani fumbi pamasamba ndi miphika nthawi zonse;
• kuchita feteleza wowonjezerapo ndi feteleza wa phosphorous-potaziyamu, popeza kuchuluka kwa nayitrogeni kungayambitsenso kuwonongeka kwa mbewu.

Mochedwa

Kukula kwa maluwa, limodzi ndi kulekanitsidwa kwa mizu, kumachitika chifukwa cha kuzunzika mochedwa. Masamba amayamba kupindika. Matendawa amathandizira kutentha kozizira ndi chinyezi chambiri pakuwala kochepa. Pofuna kuthana ndi matendawa, violet ayenera kupanga yoyenera:

• chotsani mbali zowonongeka za chomera ndi mizu;
• adabzala m'nthaka yatsopano yotetezedwa ndi kuwonjezera kwa perlite, yomwe imathandizira kuti nthaka ikhale chinyezi;
• zunza violet ndi dothi ndi Fitosporin kapena kukonzekera kofananako;
• Muzu masamba osasamba kuti apange maluwa atsopano;
• Sungani kutentha ndi chinyezi chomera chomera chatsopano chija, onjezerani kuwala.

Fusarium

Masamba otuwa, amagwera masamba akuwonetsa kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda enanso a fungus. Monga lamulo, spores amalowa mmera kuchokera panthaka kudzera pamizu. Zakudya zokhala ndi poizoni zimafalikira mbali zonse: zimayambira, masamba, maluwa. Zimasanduka zofiirira komanso zowola. Amayambitsa kuzizira kozama ndikutentha kokwanira. Kugwa kwadzaoneni ndikuyika patali kwambiri kumathandizira matendawa.

Mankhwalawa ndi awa:

• chotsani ziwalo zonse zowonongeka;
• gwiritsani ntchito mbali zotsalazo za mbewu ndi dothi ndi Fitosporin kapena Fundazole;
• kuziika m'nthaka zouma;
• kuchepetsa kuthirira mbewu;
• onjezerani kutentha m'chipindacho;
• phokoso pafupipafupi.

Bacteria bacteriosis

Zomera zomwe zakhudzidwa zachoka, masamba ofooka. Matendawa amayamba ndi dothi lomwe lakhudzidwa. Bowa spores kukhazikika pamizu. Kukula, amatulutsa zinthu zapoizoni zomwe zimalowa mkati mwa zomerazo ndikuziwononga kwathunthu. Amawoneka pamtunda wokwezeka.

Kutentha kwawindo, matendawa amakula msanga. Pafupifupi ndizosatheka kupulumutsa mbewu.

Matendawa sakhala opatsirana ku ma violets oyandikana, amatha kupulumutsidwa ndikupanga nthawi yayitali m'ndende. Mkhalidwe wina wa kupita patsogolo kwa bacteriosis ndikuwonjezereka kwa chinyezi cha dothi pansi pa nyengo yozizira.

Njira zopewera:

• sinthani kutentha ndi chinyezi pazithunzi;
• onjezerani mpweya wabwino popanda kukhudzana mwachindunji ndi maluwa;
• mankhwala oyambitsirana dothi komanso lopanda zotsalira zakale za mbewu;
• gwiritsani ntchito nthaka yabwino yodzala, kuwonjezera kumasula kwa vermiculite;
• kupatula kuvala pamwamba pakubwezeretsa nthawi;
• kuwonjezera mankhwala azomera zomwe zimapangitsa chitetezo chokwanira.

Tsamba kapena tsamba la bronze

Mukamayamwa ndi uzambar violets padzuwa mwachindunji, mbewuyo imakhala ndi masamba opindika. Vuto linanso loti matendawa apezeka ndi kuchuluka kwa madontho a madzi nthawi yothirira. Matendawa amafalikira ndi popula fluff kudzera mu kupindika. Chomera chodwala chimasiya kukula. Masamba amaphimbidwa ndi utoto wodziwika wa mawanga ofiira kapena a bulauni. Kachilomboka sikangathe kuchiritsidwa.

Njira zoyendetsera:

• sinthani dothi momwe fungal spores ndikotheka;
• kupatula dzuwa lowala pokonzanso maluwa pamalo otentha ndi kuwala kosayatsidwa;
• kuchepetsa kuthirira;
• mukathirira, yang'anani kumene mtsinje wa madzi uku.

Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda a Violet

Kuphatikiza pa matenda, ma violets amadwala angapo tizirombo.

Mealybugs

Mealybugs ndi tizilombo tokhala ndi zokutira yoyera kapena yoyera, yomwe imachulukana mwachangu m'malo abwino. Amadyetsa madzi a mbewu, kufooketsa maluwa.

Zizindikiro zowonongeka ndizooneka ngati fungo la bowa kuchokera pansi, kusintha kwa mtundu wobiriwira kukhala wachikasu kapena imvi, kuchepa kwa masamba obisika, kufalikira kwa msana ndi mawonekedwe akuwola kwa mizu ndi masamba.

Njira zoyendetsera: Chithandizo chamaluwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Mafunso

Ziwawa zimakhudza nkhupakupa zamitundu iwiri: cyclamen ndi kangaude. Zowonongeka zakale masamba ndi zimayambira, kusiya masamba achikasu. Omalizawo amapanga ma punctension ofiira pamasamba, pomwe pamakhala kaphokoso. Nkhupakupa ndizonyamula matenda ambiri, motero, pamafunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti zithetse. Tizilombo toyambitsa matenda amagwiritsidwa ntchito poteteza tizirombo.

Ma nsabwe

Tizilombo tating'onoting'ono tomwe timakhala ndi mtundu wobiriwira timabweretsa mavuto ku senpolia. Zimakhudza magawo onse amadzimadzi, kuyamwa madzi kuchokera masamba, mapesi, masamba. Zinthu zapoizoni zimanyamulidwa ndimadzimadzi pachomera chonsecho, ndikuchepetsa kukula ndikuipangitsa.

Pofuna kuthana ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, maluwa amawagwiritsa ntchito posamba, kutsukidwa ndi sopo wamadzi, ndipo m'malo ovuta amatsanulidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo.

Nematode

Zizindikiro za matenda a ma violets ndi nematode ndi mawanga obiriwira, pang'onopang'ono zimayamba kuda ndi kuwola. Kukula kumawuma, pomwe masamba opunduka amayamba. Mkhalidwe wamaluwa umafooka, kumatuluka, kutsuntha ndi maluwa sikuwonekera, zimayambira zimakhota, ndipo pamapeto pake mbewuyo imafa. Kuti mudziwe zamatendawa ndizotheka pokhapokha. Kuti muchite izi, chotsani nkhalangozi mumphika ndikuwunika momwe mizu ilili.

A nematode ndi kachilombo kakang'ono kwambiri komwe nkovuta kwambiri kubereka.

Njira zoyendetsera:

• kukonzanso dothi lolowera ndi zotetezedwa;
• mankhwala othandizira tizilombo ngati matenda ayamba kumene. Kupanda kutero, mbewuyo imawonongeka.

Matenda a Putrid amakhudzanso dimba lacts (ma pansies). Powdery mildew, dzimbiri komanso ma virus, imadwala pafupipafupi. Mwa tizirombo, kuphatikiza pa iwo omwe adalembedwa, imagwidwa ndi ma slgs.

Mr. Chilimwe wokhala: malangizo othandizira kupewa matenda mu senpolia

Kuti senpolis ikule bwino komanso kuphuka, ndikofunikira kuti pakhale malo oyenera osamalira ndi kusamalira:

• Nthawi ndi nthawi gwiritsani ntchito madzi pansi pamadzi otentha mpaka +40 ° C kuchokera ku nyanga yosambira. Pakadali pano, onetsetsani kuti chinyezi chochulukirapo sichilowa m'nthaka. Kupewa koteroko ndikofunikira kwa miyezi iwiri kapena itatu. Kuzungulira thunthu la chomera ndi mphika wamaluwa, polyethylene amamangidwa kuti asasambe pansi. Pambuyo pake, duwa limatsanulidwa kuchokera ku shawa ndikusiyidwa mu bafa mpaka masamba atatha kufota. Kupanda kutero, mawanga oyera kapena abulauni amatha kuwoneka. Brown - yoyambitsidwa ndi kutentha kwa dzuwa, yoyera - ndi hypothermia.
• Pofuna kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo timagwiritsa ntchito yankho la clove wa adyo. Kuti muchite izi, ma clove atatu amapunthwa ndikuyika 1 litre yamadzi. Tsekani zomwe zili pachikuto ndikutentha kwa maola 24 mufiriji. Zomwe zimalowetsedwa zimaphatikizidwa ndi malita asanu amadzi ndikulimidwa ndi dothi ndi masamba a Saintpoly. Pambuyo pokonza, maluwawo amachotsedwa kuchokera kumadzi amadzimadzi.
• Muzovuta, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito njira zamankhwala kuthana ndi matenda ndi tizilombo toononga. Chithandizo chofala kwambiri chothana ndi matenda a fungus ndi Fitosporin. Kuti muchite izi, 5 g ya tiziromboti timanyowa m'madzi a 5 kwa mphindi 30. Tatenga njira yothetsera vutoli ndi syringe yamankhwala, nyowetsani pansi poto mumphika. Pamaso pa Fitosporin M wa mankhwalawa, mbewu zimapopera madzi pofikira 10 g la ufa mu kapu imodzi yamadzi.
• Njira yofooka ya potaziyamu permanganate imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofuna kuthana ndi matenda oyamba a fungus. Mukakonza dzikolo, pamafunika kuthira 3 g ya potaziyamu permanganate mu 5 l lamadzi ndikungotaya mosamala ndi kuphatikizika kwamdima.
• Musanayambe kukonza ma violets ku tizilombo, ndikofunikira kupukuta masamba ndi njira yothanirana ndi mowa kuti muchotse anthu omwe ali ndi maginito ndi zolembera zopangidwa ndi iwo.
• Pofuna kuthana ndi nkhupakupa, mavu, nsabwe za m'masamba, Fitoverm ndi yoyenera, yomwe masamba ake amasungunuka 1 lita imodzi ya madzi. Pamaso pa shampu ya permethrin yokhala ndi ziweto, onjezerani supuni 1 yankho. Ziwawa zimathandizidwa pambuyo masiku atatu, kubwereza chithandizo maulendo 4.
• Kuwononga mazira ndi mphutsi za nkhupakupa, ndimagwiritsa ntchito mankhwala Nissoran, ndimagwiritsa ntchito 1 g ya mankhwala pa lita imodzi yamadzi. Sansani pansi ndi mbewu, komwe mbewu zimakhala, zomwe zimafa mkati mwa masabata 1-2.