Pakati pazomera zamkati, begonia imasiyana pakakulidwe ka masamba ndi mawonekedwe okongola nthawi ya maluwa. Imabereka mophweka ndipo sikutanthauza kuwongolera zovuta mukachoka. Olima m'minda yambiri amalima nthangala kunyumba ndikupeza mbewu yabwino yomwe imakongoletsa nyumbayo.
Begonia kusankha mitundu
Chikhalidwe cha begonia chimadziwika ndi inflorescence chokongola, chimagawidwa m'mitundu yambiri ndi subspecies. Mukamasankha njira zodzikonzera pogwiritsa ntchito njere, muyenera kulipira izi:
- Deciduous begonia - samakonda kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mbewu. Wopezeka mu shopu yapadera ndikugwiritsanso ntchito kumera kwina.
- Mitundu yaubwino nthawi zambiri imagwiritsidwa ntchito pofalitsa mbewu. Chochititsa chidwi ndi masamba akuluakulu. Chomera chimatha kuphuka kwanthawi yayitali.
- Bush begonia - imatha kufalitsidwa kudzera njira zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo mbewu.
Kufalikira kwa begonias.
Begonia yomwe imamera kuchokera ku nthanga simataya mawonekedwe ake ndipo imaphuka mwachangu kuti ipititsidwe ku malo osatha.
Madeti a begonia kufesa
Begonia kuchokera ku mbewu kunyumba amafunika kutsatira nthawi yobzala. Kutengera mtundu wa mbewu, nthawi yake imasiyana. Mbewu zikagulidwa mu malo ogulitsira ena, zimabzalidwa pang'ono, popeza zinthu zobzala zadutsa kale kukonzekera. Ngati mbewu zopangidwa pokhapokha zitagwiritsidwa ntchito, abzala amabzala mkatikati mwa Januwale.
Kusankhidwa kwa mbeu yobzala mu nthaka
Zofunika!Kuti zithandizire kufesa, njere zimasakanizidwa ndi mchenga wabwino ndikugawidwa panthaka.
Kodi maluwa amatuluka liti?
Kubzala wobzala mosalekeza, kumene mbande zake zikuwoneka masiku 15 mutabzala, kumafuna chisamaliro. Pambuyo pa kumera, mphukira yaying'ono imachepetsa kukula ndikuzizira kwa kanthawi. Ndikofunika kuonetsetsa kuti zophukira zoonda sizowonongeka pakuthirira.
Begonia imamera mutabzala
Kusankha kwa kufesa
Evergreen begonia ndi chomera chotchuka, chomwe chimamera pambewu kunyumba chomwe chimafuna mphika wosankhidwa bwino. Pofikira ntchito zing'onozing'ono. Pambuyo pake, mbewuyo imasinthidwa ku malo okhazikika. Monga chidebe chobzala mbewu chitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito:
- chidebe chomera mbande;
- ma silicone mafupa;
- mapiritsi apadera a peat;
- trays osaya.
Kusankha kwamphamvu
Tcherani khutu! Miphika iyenera kukhala yotalikirapo, koma osati yakuya. Izi zithandizira kufesa mbewu ndikuthandizira chisamaliro.
Kukonzekera kwa dothi
Kukula kwa tuber begonia kunyumba kuchokera kumbewu kumafuna kukonzekera koyambirira kwa nthaka. Dothi lodzala limagulidwa mu malo ogulitsira kapena kukonzekereratu. Kupanga zopangira michere nokha zomwe mukufuna:
- sakanizani gawo la pepalalo ndi theka la peat ndi mchenga;
- lembani zosakaniza kuti pasakhale mabowo, ndipo dzazani chidebecho.
Zambiri! Mbewu za Begonia ndizochepa, motero sizinabzalidwe kwambiri, apo ayi zikumera zimawonekera kwa nthawi yayitali.
Kufesa mbewu
Kuti mupeze mphukira yachangu, ndikofunikira kutsatira zomwe zikuchitika mukafesa. Kubzala mbewu ndikofunikira mu nthaka yakuya. Pamwamba mbewu siyenera kuphimbidwa ndi dothi, izi zitha kubweretsa kufa kwa mbewu. Pofikira, pamalangizo atsatanetsatane amaperekedwa:
- dzazani chidebe chodzala ndi mchere;
- thirirani bwino dothi ndikusiya kwa mphindi zingapo kuti madzi onse amwe;
- pangani mbeu mosamala mumabowo ang'onoang'ono;
- chivundikiro kumtunda ndi kanema kapenagalasi.
Kugwiritsa ntchito kanema kumakupatsani mwayi wobzala wobiriwira komanso imathandizira kumera kwa mbewu. Mbewuzo zikamamera mchilimwe, muyenera kuchotsanso filimuyo ndikulola mpweya wabwino kuti mbewu zisakwane.
Ndikofunikira kudziwa! Bzalani mbeu izikhala yodutsamo. Izi zidzakulitsa mphukira. Mukatha kuphukira, muyenera kupendekera mosamala kusiya zina zamphamvu kwambiri.
Kubzala mu peat mapiritsi
Kuti mbewu imere mwachangu, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi apadera a peat. Chitani zotsatirazi:
- mapiritsi amayikidwa mu chidebe chosatulutsa chinyontho;
- madzi otentha amathiridwa mumtsuko kuti peat yothinikizidwa imayamba kutupa pang'onopang'ono;
- kuwunika momwe piritsi ilili, ngati kuli kotheka, madzi amawonjezeredwa;
- mbewu imayikidwa pakatikati pa peat yotupa;
- Mbewuzo zikafesedwa, chotengera chigwiritsidwe ndi zojambulazo ndikuchiyika pamalo padzuwa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito mapiritsi a peat pakukula kwa begonias
Pofuna kuthamangitsa njira zamera, ndikofunikira kuyang'anitsitsa momwe zosakaniza zamankhwala zimapangidwira, nthawi zonse nyowetsani.
Zomwe zimakhudza kumera?
Nthawi zina, mbewu imamera bwino, ndipo olima maluwa sangadikire mphukira. Zotsatirazi zingakhudze kumera kwa mbeu:
- Kusunga kolakwika kwa zinthu. Pamalo ozizira komanso onyowa, mphukira sizingaoneke.
- Osakwanira chinyezi. Ngati palibe kuthirira nthawi zonse, nthaka imaphwa ndipo masamba ake samawonekera.
- Kutentha kolakwika. Kuti mbewu zimere, ndikofunikira kuyika chidebe ndi chophukacho pawindo. Kutentha kwa kumera kuyenera kukhala osachepera +25 ℃.
Muyenera kudziwa! Kukula kwa zophukira kumatha kukhudzidwa ndi nthawi yayitali yosungira mbewu. Mbewu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pobzala kwa zaka zitatu.
Sinthani kumalo kwamuyaya
Tuberous begonia imamera chifukwa chobzala mbewu komanso chisamaliro chobzala sichimasiyana ndi mitundu ina. Mtengowo utaphukira, umasinthidwira kumalo ophuka mosalekeza. Musanabzale, muyenera kusankha poto wabwino. Kuthekera kumayenera kukhala kwapakatikati kukula. Mizu ya mbewu imakhala ndi kukula pang'ono. Njira za mizu siziyenera kukakamizidwa kwambiri ndi makoma a mphika. Zochita poika mbewu pamalo okhazikika nthawi yayitali ndi motere:
- Mu chidebe chokonzedwa, ndikofunikira kuyika miyala ing'onoing'ono ngati ngalande.
- Sakanizani muyezo wofanana masamba osakaniza, peat, mchenga ndi humus. Zotsatira zosakanikirana ndi micherezo zimalowa bwino mumphika.
- Nyowetsani nthaka bwino.
- Pangani kufufuma kakang'ono m'nthaka.
- Tengani mbande ndi dothi ndikuyika malo atsopano.
- Pukuta dothi.
Kuyika mbande pamalo osasinthika
Ngati makapu a peat agwiritsidwa ntchito, ndikotheka kubzala begonia mumphika pamodzi ndi peat tank. Pambuyo pake, kapu ya peat idzagwa.
Zofunika!Sitikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito dothi losakhazikika m'malo omwe mitengo ya thundu kapena msondodzi imamera. Dothi lotereli limatha kukhala ndi tinthu tomwe timayambitsa mavuto a mbewu.
Kodi bwanji ngati mbewu za begonia sizimera?
Zikamera zikapanda kuonekera, chidebe chokhala ndi mbande chimayikidwa malo otentha ndipo njira yothirira imayang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Nthawi zina, mphukira zitha kuwoneka chifukwa cha mbewu yopanda tanthauzo. Poterepa, tikulimbikitsidwa kubzala mbewu zatsopano ndikuphimba ndi pulasitiki wokutira. Ngakhale si onse mbewu zomwe zimamera, mutha kusankha ndikusiya mbande zamphamvu kwambiri.
Malamulo oyikira kuthirira
Mukakula begonias, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo a kuthirira. Zinthu:
- mutabzala, kuthirira kuyenera kuchitika ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mfuti yopopera;
- Nthambi sizikulimbikitsidwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, chifukwa izi zingapangitse kuwoneka ngati kuyaka ndi mawanga achikaso;
- thirirani chomera kamodzi masiku atatu;
- m'chilimwe, mphika wokhala ndi chomera umayikidwa mu thireyi ndi madzi; ndipo mizu imayamwa madzi okwanira.
Asanagwiritse ntchito, madzi amakhala kuti adakhazikika kale ndipo amangogwiritsa ntchito kuthirira.
Begonia imamera mwanjira zosiyanasiyana. Mbewu imakupatsani mwayi kuti muthe kupeza mbande zambiri popanda kugwirira ntchito. Ndikofunika kusankha zoyenera kubzala komanso kutsatira malamulo onse obzala mu nthaka.
