Omwe alimi ambiri amakonda kulima kabichi, koma si aliyense amene akuchita bwino. Pazifukwa zosiyanasiyana, palibe njira zokulira mbande kunyumba kapena wowonjezera kutentha. Poterepa, mutha kufesa mbewu mwachindunji, zomwe ndizoyenera kuti mitundu yambiri ya mbewuyi (yoyera, kohlrabi, Peking, broccoli) ikhale yambiri.
Kukonzekera malo obzala kabichi
Musanayambe kubzala mbewu monga kabichi, muyenera kusankha bwino ndikukonzekera tsambalo. Mabedi amtsogolo aziyikidwa pamalo otseguka komanso osasunthika. Popewa kukula kwa matenda ndi tizirombo, ndikofunikira kutsatira malamulo akasinthasintha a mbewu, kusinthanitsa mbewu zobzala. Kabichi iyenera kubzalidwa pamalo omwewo osati kale kuposa zaka 4 pambuyo pake. Zomwe zimayambitsa bwino kwambiri ndi mbatata, anyezi, nyemba, nkhaka.
Kabichi imakonda nthaka yotayirira komanso yachonde yokhala ndi chinyezi chokwanira. Kuti akwaniritse dongosolo labwino, feteleza wachilengedwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito panthaka, monga manyowa kapena kompositi pamyeso wa 5-7 kg pa 1 m². Ndikwabwino kuphatikiza dothi m'dzinja pokumba.
Pokonzekera bedi lamabichi, kugwa, manyowa amapangidwa pansi pokumba m'dzinja
Mpaka masika, michere imasinthika kukhala mawonekedwe othandiza kugaya mbewu. Kutengera mtundu wa dothi, feteleza wa mineral amagwiritsidwanso ntchito:
- pa dothi la peat, lomwe limadziwika ndi kusowa kwa potaziyamu, lifunika kukhazikitsidwa kwa 20-40 g wa potaziyamu kolorayidi pa 1 m²;
- pa dothi lamchenga lomwe silili bwino mu potaziyamu ndi phosphorous, superphosphate 40-60 g ndi potaziyamu mankhwala enaake 20-50 g pa 1 m² amawonjezeredwa;
- acid michere ayenera deoxidized pogwiritsa ntchito laimu kapena phulusa 80-100 g pa 1 m².
Kuphatikiza pa zinthu zopanda chilengedwe, feteleza wa michere amawonjezeredwa panthaka, ndipo zotupa zimaphatikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito phulusa
Kwa kabichi, dothi lokhala ndi acidity pafupi ndi ndale (pH 6.5-7) ndizosangalatsa kwambiri. Pa dothi lokhala ndi acidic, chikhalidwechi chimakhala ndi matenda monga keel.
Mu nthawi yophukira, dera lomwe linali pansi pa kabichi limakumbidwa mpaka 20-25 masentimita ndipo silimasulidwa mpaka masika. Kubwera kwa kutentha, nthaka idakulungidwa ndi chingwe. Asanabzale, mabedi amakumbidwa akuya pafupifupi masentimita 7, ndikutsatira. Ngati malowo sanakonzekere chiyambire kugwa, ndiye kumayambiriro kwa kasupe, malowo amakumbidwa mpaka pakuya kwa fanolo ndipo amafufuzidwa ndi angina.
Momwe mungasankhire nthanga za kabichi mukabzala
Kusankhidwa kwa zinthu zofunikira kumafunikanso kuperekedwa mwachidwi, chifukwa kuchuluka kwa mbewu zamtsogolo zimadalira mwachindunji. Tiyeni tikambirane mwatsatanetsatane njira zomwe zingaganizidwe posankha mbewu:
- Madera olima. Pali mitundu yambiri ya kabichi yomwe imawerengeredwa mwachindunji zigawo, zomwe nthawi zonse zimafotokozedwa pambale ndi mbewu. Ngati izi sizikupezeka, ndiye kuti chimaperekedwa mbale chomwe chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudziwa nthawi yofesa ndi nthawi yakukula. Nthawi yayitali kabichi ikamakula, dera lake limafunikanso kutenthetsa.
- Makhalidwe a dothi. Kutengera mitundu yosankhidwa, mtundu wa dothi lomwe mbewu yabwino ikupatsa zokolola zabwino kwambiri uyenera kukumbukiridwa.
- Kucha masiku. Kabichi imagawidwa m'magulu angapo akuchuluka: oyambirira (zipse mkati mwa masiku 50-120), apakati (masiku 90-170) ndi mochedwa (masiku 160-270). Mukamasankha mbewu, muyenera kuganizira chizindikiro ichi, osabzala mbewu za mtundu womwewo.
- Kodi kabichi wamera chiyani? Kusankha kwamitundu yosiyanasiyana kumatengera zomwe masamba azigwiritsa ntchito: masaladi, ma pickles kapena posungira mwatsopano. Zambiri ziyenera kuperekedwa pa cholembera kapena phukusi.
- Kukaniza matenda ndi tizirombo. Gawo lililonse lili ndi mawonekedwe ake. Chifukwa chake, pali mitundu ina yomwe imapatsidwa kukana matenda ndi tizirombo, koma singathe kudzitama chifukwa cha zokolola zambiri, ndipo pali zipatso zamtundu, koma zochepa. Chizindikiro ichi chiyenera kukumbukiridwa, chifukwa chikhala chofunikira kupereka chisamaliro choyenera.
- Kukana kusokonekera. Ndikwabwino kupereka zokonda zamitundu yomwe sizikulakalaka kubera, chifukwa sikuti maonekedwe a mitu akuipiraipira chifukwa cha izi, komanso mavuto osungirako amatuluka: mitu yosweka siyisungidwa kwanthawi yayitali.
- Mitundu yakomweko. Kuti mukulitse kabichi patsamba lanu, ndibwino kugula zamitundu yosiyanasiyana, mwachitsanzo, kuswana kwanuko. Kupatula apo, ndi mbewu yabwino yomwe ingakwaniritse nyengo yanu yabwino.
Kanema: momwe mungasankhire mbewu za kabichi
Momwe mungadzipangire nokha mbewu
Wamaluwa amaganiza zopeza mbewu zawo za kabichi ngati akonda mtundu wina, koma palibe chitsimikizo kuti nyengo yotsatira pakhale mwayi wogula. Ndizotheka ndi aliyense kupanga zipatso zofunikira. Chachikulu ndikuti musagwiritse ntchito mitundu ya haibridi pazolinga izi, chifukwa mawonekedwe omwe samasungidwa mwa iwo.
Choyamba muyenera kumvetsetsa kuti kupeza mbewu, kabichi imatchulidwa motere:
- mayi mowa ndi chomera cha chaka choyamba chaulimi chomwe chimadziwika kwa aliyense ndikupanga mutu wa kabichi;
- mbewu za mbewu - zakumwa za amayi zomwe zidabzalidwa mchaka chachiwiri, pomwe maluwa ndi mbewu zimapangidwa.
Monga chidakwa cha mayi, mbewu zomwe zimakhala ndi mutu waukulu wa kabichi, chitsa chochepa komanso masamba ochepa pafupi ndi mutu amasankhidwa
Zomera za uterine, zinthu zokhazokha zapamwamba zokha zomwe mukufuna kufalitsa ndizosankhidwa. Mitundu yapakatikati komanso mochedwa ndiyabwino bwino pazolinga izi. Izi ndichifukwa choti amasungidwa bwino mpaka ikamatera nyengo yotsatira. Kabichi, yomwe idzagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomera cha chiberekero, iyenera kukhala ndi mutu waukulu kwambiri wa kabichi, ndipo cob ndi masamba obiriwira azikhala ochepa momwe angathere. Zomera zochepa zokhala ndi phesi loonda komanso masamba ochepa kunja kumutu ziyenera kusankhidwa kuti zikhale amayi.
Kuchokera phesi la kabichi, mapesi a maluwa amatuluka chaka chamawa, pomwe mbewu zimadzasonkhanitsidwa
Zomera za chaka choyamba zimachotsedwa isanayambike chisanu. Ngati atapanga chisanu pang'ono, ndiye kuti muyenera kuwapatsa nthawi kuti "achoke". Pazifukwa zomwe zikufunsidwa, ndibwino kufesa kabichi mwachindunji mu nthaka. Zomera zoterezi zimakhala ndi chizimba cholimba kwambiri, phesi lalifupi, ndizosungika bwino. Amayi a zakumwa amayeretsedwera limodzi ndi muzu ndi dothi, kenako amazikirira ndi dothi lomata kenako masamba amaluwa. Kenako zimasungidwa m'chipinda chapansi, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa + 1-2 ° C. Ngati chiwonetsero cha kutentha ndi ochepera 0 ° C, ndiye kuti mbewu za chiberekero zimazizira ndipo mutabzala zitha kutenga matenda. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha kochulukirapo + 10, С, masamba okha amakula pamodzi ma peduncles.
Podzala maselo a mfumukazi, muyenera kusankha malo omwe chipale chofewa sichikhala nthawi yayitali. Feteleza zimagwiritsidwa ntchito chimodzimodzi ngati kabzala kabichi. Zomera zobzalidwa kumapeto kwa Epulo, ataziphatikiza ndi ma peizomes ndi dongo komanso mullein. Mchitidwewo umachitika ndi mtunda pakati pa mayi woledzera wa 60 cm, ndikukulitsa mbewuzo m'maenje m'mphepete mwa kabichi. Mutabzala, tchire zimathiriridwa ndikuyamba kusanjidwa m'masiku oyambilira, komanso otetezedwa panthawi yobwezerera chisanu pophimba ndi filimu. Chisamaliro chimachepetsedwa m'njira zofananira ndi kabichi wamba: kuchotsa udzu, kulima, kuthirira, kuvala pamwamba.
Pazomera za chaka chachiwiri, ma peduncle amapangidwa, omwe amamangirizidwa kuti azithandizira
Pakatha masabata awiri, mbeu za chiberekero zikazika mizu, masamba akale ndi petioles zimachotsedwa kuti zisawonongeke. Pomwe mapesi a maluwa amapangika, iwo amavala chovala chothandizira. Mfuti zomwe sizimachita maluwa komanso miyendo yambiri, zimachotsedwa. Nthawi yamaluwa imakhala pafupifupi mwezi. Pambuyo maluwa, nthangala mumatumba zimacha m'miyezi 1.5. Ayenera kuchotsedwa, osadikirira kusasinthika kwathunthu, chifukwa oyamba adzayamba kutaya pansi kuchokera panthawizo. Zomera zouma ndi kusungidwa.
Kanema: kutola mbewu za kabichi
Kukonzekeretsa mbewu kuti mubzale
Kukonzekeretsa nthanga za kabichi sikofesa ayi, koma ndi kothandiza kwambiri. Zokolola zam'tsogolo zimatengera kulondola kwakukonzekera.
Kuletsa
Mbeu ziyenera kuyesedwa musanafesere, zomwe zimanyowa kwa mphindi 5 mu njira ychere ya 3%. Mukatero, mbewu zolemera zidzaphukira, ndipo zolemera zimira pansi. Mbewu zomwe zimakhala pansi zimatsitsidwa, ndipo zotsalazo zimasonkhanitsidwa, kutsukidwa m'madzi oyera ndikuuma. Ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa.
Mbeu za kabichi zimasungidwa kuti zisankhe zazikulu: zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pofesa
Mayeso akumera
Mbeu za kabichi zimayang'anitsitsa kuti zimere kuti zimvetsetse kuti ndi yoyenera kufesa komanso zomwe mungadalire. Kuti achite izi, adakulungidwa mu nsalu yonyowa kwa masiku 5 ndikuyika kutentha (+ 20-25 ° C). Munthawi imeneyi, muyenera kuyang'anira chinyontho cha nsaluyo, ndipo ngati kuli koyenera, inyowetsani. Kuti mumve zowerengera, ndibwino kutenga mbewu 100. Mphesa zimayesedwa tsiku ndi tsiku, zophukira zimawerengeredwa ndikuchotsedwa. Mbewu zomwe zimaswa m'masiku atatu oyambirira zimawonetsa kumera kwa mbande, ndipo kumera mkati mwa sabata kungathe kuweruzidwa ndi kumera.
Mukuwotha moto ndi kupanda majoni
Mukuwonjezera mbewuzo, ndikotheka kuwonjezera mtundu wake ndikuwonjeza, komanso kuchepetsa mwayi wokhala ndi matenda monga kuphosis ndi bacteriosis. Kuwotha moto kutha kuchitidwa munjira zingapo:
- Imirirani mbewu kwa maola 1.5-2 m'madzi pa kutentha kwa + 60 ° C. Kuchulukitsa mtengo sikuyenera kutero, chifukwa kumera kumachulukira.
- Mbewu zimatenthetsedwa kwa miyezi iwiri ndi iwiri mpaka pamatenthedwe a + 25-35˚С, pomwe kuthekera kokutentha sikunaphatikizidwe. Mbewuzo zimatsanuliridwa pamatoni ndikuyika batri yoyatsira kuti isungidwe kutentha.
Pofuna kupewa kukula kwa matenda ena angapo, mbewu zimawiritsidwa mu njira imodzi ya 1% ya potaziyamu permanganate kwa mphindi 25.
Kukonzekera yankho la 1% ya potaziyamu permanganate, ndikofunikira kupukusa 1 g ya potaziyamu permanganate mu 100 ml ya madzi.
Chifukwa cha kupha tizirombo ta kabichi, amawapaka pokonzanso njira ya 2% ya potaziyamu
Kuuluka
Kuti tumphukire kabichi wabwinobwino, imamizidwa mu njira yokhala ndi michere kwa maola 12. Pazifukwa izi, sodium humate, potaziyamu humate, yabwino, epin ndi yoyenera. Pamapeto pa mankhwalawa, mbewu zimatsukidwa m'madzi oyera. Njira yothetsera michere imatha kukonzedwera pawokha kuchokera ku phulusa. Mwa izi, 2 tbsp. l phulusa limathiridwa ndi madzi okwanira 1 litre ndikuumirizidwa kwa tsiku, pambuyo pake kubzala zinthu kwa maola atatu kumayikidwa kulowetsedwa.
Kenako mbewu zimanyowetsedwa m'madzi kwa maola 12 musanatupire. Kuti achite izi, amawaikiramo soti, yodzaza ndi madzi (+ 15-20 ° C) ndikuyika malo otentha. Madziwo amasinthidwa maola 4 aliwonse, ndipo mbewu za kabichi ziyenera kusakanizidwa. Atatupa, amawaika pa nsalu yonyowa ndipo amayikidwa mufiriji (+ 1-3 ° C) kwa tsiku limodzi. Chifukwa chake, kuumitsa kumachitika, komwe kumawonjezera kuzizira kwa mbewu ndikumathandizira kumera.
Mutha kufulumizitsa kumera kwa kabichi mbewu pogwiritsa ntchito kulowetsedwa kwa phulusa, komwe kumawilitsidwa kwa maola atatu
Momwe mungabzalire mbewu za kabichi pansi
Pakubzala kabichi ndi mbeu m'nthaka, ndikofunikira kuti musangokonza nthaka ndi mbewu, komanso kuti mumalize njirayi munthawi yake.
Kubzala nthawi
Nthawi yodzala mbewu zimadalira mitundu, mitundu ndi dera laulimi. Kabichi yamamayambiriro oyambirira imakhala yozizira ndipo imatha kupirira madontho a -5 ° C. Siyenera kusungidwa kwa nthawi yayitali, chifukwa mukatha kuyeretsa imadyedwa nthawi yomweyo. Kumayambiriro kwa Epulo, bedi limakutidwa ndi kanema kuti patatha sabata ziwiri nthaka imayamba kufunda. Mwanjira imeneyi, mutha kubzala kabichi, mwachitsanzo, pamtunda wa zigawo za Saratov ndi Voronezh, ndikututa theka lachiwiri la Julayi.
Kumwera kwa Russia (Krasnodar Territory, Rostov Region) nthangala za kabichi zingabzalidwe ngakhale koyambirira - koyambirira kwa Marichi, ndikututa m'zaka zitatu za June. Ponena za kufesa mbewu panthaka pakati pa msewu wapakati, apa zipatso zimayamba kumayambiriro kwa Meyi. Ku Urals ndi Siberia, chisanu kumapeto kwa nthawi yayitali kumakhala nthawi yayitali kuposa ku Europe ku Russia, kotero kufesa mwachangu kabichi yoyambirira ndikovuta.
Momwe mungabzalire kabichi
Chiwembu ndi mbewu zikakonzedwa, nthawi zakufa zafika, mutha kuyamba kufesa. Njira yonseyi imatsata zotsatirazi:
- Pamabedi pangani mabowo aang'ono kuya.
Atatha kukonza chiwembuchi, mabedi amathandizidwa ndi mabowo osaya ndipo amapangidwa
- Maenje obzala amathiridwa ndi madzi ochuluka kotero kuti amakhuta mpaka mainchesi 20. Pambuyo kuthirira, zitsime zimasiyidwa kwa maola 1-1,5 kuti atenthe.
- Maenjewo amawaza pang'ono ndi nthaka, napanga "zisa" ndikabzala mbewu zingapo mpaka masentimita 1-2, ophwanyidwa ndi dothi ndikupukusidwa pang'ono.
M'chitsime chilichonse, mbewu ziwiri zimayikidwa kuya kwa masentimita awiri, zowazidwa ndi nthaka ndikusenda pang'ono
- Landings yokutidwa ndi mitsuko yamagalasi.
Mutabzala mbewuzo, maenje obzala amatakutidwa ndi mitsuko kapena mabotolo apulasitiki
Kubzala mbewu zingapo mu bowo limodzi ndi chifukwa choti kumera kumera kumodzi kwamphamvu kumatsalira, ndipo zofooka zimachotsedwa.
Mtunda pakati pa mabowo mwachindunji umatengera mitundu ya kabichi. Chifukwa chake, mitundu yakucha yoyamba imabzalidwe kuchokera kwa wina ndi mnzake pa mtunda wa 40 cm, ndipo mitundu yamtundu woyambira ndi yakuchedwa ndi 50-65 masentimita, popeza amadziwika ndi kukula kwakukulu. Nthawi zambiri, akukulira kabichi, amasintha masikono ndi mabungwe wamba obzala. Poyamba, kubzala kumachitika pa mtunda wa 60 * 60 kapena 70 * 70 cm, kachiwiri - masentimita 90 * 50. Pambuyo zikamera ndipo mbewuzo zikamakula, muyezo wothandiza agrotechnical umachitika: kuthirira, feteleza, kulima, kuchotsa udzu.
Mtundu wobzala kabichi umatengera zobzalidwa zosiyanasiyana ndipo zimayambira 40 cm mpaka 70 cm pakati pa mbewu
Vidiyo: Kubzala kabichi pansi
Kubzala mbewu kabichi mu wowonjezera kutentha
Kufesa mbewu mu zobiriwira, komanso panthaka, kumayamba ndi kukonzekera dothi ndikubzala zinthu.
Kukonza dothi ndi mbewu
Popeza kabichi imakonda chinyezi, mawonekedwewa ayenera kukumbukiridwa posankha ndikukonzekera dothi, kuti lipange chonde komanso losavuta. Dziko lapansi liyenera kukhala ndi izi:
- 2 magawo a humus;
- 1 gawo la turf dziko;
- 1 gawo la mchenga.
Popewa kukula kwa mwendo wakuda m'dothi losakanizira pa 1 m², muyenera kuwonjezera 1-2 tbsp. phulusa. Kulemeretsa dothi ndi zinthu zina, mudzafunika kuwonjezera potaziyamu sodium (20 g), ammonium nitrate (15 g), superphosphate (45 g) pa 1 mita². Dothi la kapangidwe kameneka lidzatha kupatsa mbewu zakudya zofunika. Ponena za kukonza mbewu, njirayi ndi yofanana ndi yomwe imachitika pofesa panja.
Mukakonza nthaka m'nkhokwe, feteleza wachilengedwe ndi michere amawonjezeredwa
Kufesa mbewu
Dongosolo lodzala kabichi m'malo otsekedwa zimatengera njira yolima. Ngati mukutsatira mfundo zoyambirira za kulima, ndiye kuti, kuti musankhe, ndiye kuti pakati pa mizere pangani mtunda wa 2 cm, ndipo mbewuzo zibzalidwe ndi nthawi yotalika 1 cm.
- pakati pa mizere 5 cm;
- pakati pakubzala zinthu 3 cm.
Pofesa mbewu za kabichi, mizere yopanda kanthu imapangidwa ndi mtunda wa 2 cm kuchokera wina ndi mnzake
Pambuyo pokonza mizere, imathiridwa ndimadzi, mbewu zimabzalidwa ndikufundidwa ndi dothi. Popewa chisokonezo, kalasi iliyonse imalimbikitsidwa.
Kuti mbande ziveke mwachangu, kama wofikira wokhala m'minda muyenera kuphimba film. Mphukira zikangoonekera, filimuyo imachotsedwa kuti isasokoneze kukula.
Kudzala kabichi mu kutentha akhoza kukhala thicker, ngati mukufuna mbewu swordplay
Kuti mbande zikule bwino, ndikofunikira kuonetsetsa kuti boma ndi lotentha kwambiri. kutentha masana ayenera kukhala 15-17 +˚C, mu mitambo nyengo + 13-15˚C, usiku + 7-9˚C. Pa mfundo apamwamba m'pofunika kuchitapo kanthu kuti iwo muyezo. Kodi mphukira, kutentha anali adatchithisira kuti + 8-10˚S masana komanso kuwerenga angapo zoona nyengo mitambo. Zotsatira zomwe zingachitike polimitsa mbewu zimaphatikizidwa ndiukadaulo waukadaulo wa zamaluso posinthana ndi mbewu pang'onopang'ono.
Pa chitukuko yachibadwa kabichi mu wowonjezera kutentha ndi pofuna ndi kutentha akadakwanitsira
Koma nthawi kubzala kabichi mu nthaka otetezeka, ndiye iwo amadalira dera ndi mitundu nakulitsa. Kuphatikiza apo, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti mbande zimabzalidwa pamsika wazaka 1-2 miyezi.
Video: mmene kudzala kabichi mbewu mu kutentha kwa
Fesani kabichi Ozizira
Mukamakulima kabichi kunyumba, mbewu zimafunikira kupereka magetsi abwino ndi kutentha pang'ono, apo ayi zikumera zidzakhala zotumbululuka ndi kutalika. wotere mosavuta kukhazikitsa pa msewu. Pankhaniyi, mbewu anabzala mu bokosi mmera, mopepuka kuwaza nthaka ndi madzi. Mutabzala, chidebe chimatengeredwa kupita kukhonde, ngati chiri nyumba, kapena dimba, chikakula m'nyumba ya anthu. Location kwa bokosi dzuwa amusankha, ndi pamwamba chivundikiro filimu wodzipangitsa. Mphukira tingayembekezere mu masiku 10. Kuyika pamalowo kumachitidwa posachedwa ngati timapepala totsimikizika 1-2 tiziwoneka.
Pamene kukula kabichi mbewu ndi ozizira njira rassadnym chipinda kupirira khonde kapena m'munda pansi filimu
Kukula kabichi nonseedlings njira, amalowerera kuchepetsa ntchito, chimene chiri chofunika kwambiri mkubwela kwa masika. Kuphatikiza apo, mitundu ina ndiyabwino kukula pofesa mwachindunji pansi. Kudziwa mmene kusankha ndi kukonzekera mbewu ndi nthaka, komanso kuti yofesa, amaganizira nthawi, pemphani zokoma za kabichi si kophweka.
